[Solved] The Supreme Court, Federalism, and Public Administrators

Assignment Prompt & Instructions

Case study and Instructions and readings attached.

– ## CasystudyInstructions.docx

– ## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf

**## CasystudyInstructions.docx**

No AI or Plagiarism

**Instructions**

· Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis

· Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.

· All citations and format must be in current APA format

· Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis

· Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.

Paper must be 8-10 pages

**Case Study: The Supreme Court, Federalism, and Public Administrators Assignment**

Christensen and Wise (2009) state,

[t]he U.S. Supreme Court has come to play an important role in articulating that system of rules. The Supreme Court’s federalism decisions are especially important in understanding what powers public managers [must] achieve policy priorities in the current context of devolved government.

For this
**Case Study Assignment,** you will provide a scholarly paper concerning the effect of recent Supreme Court decisions on public administration and federalism.

Readings

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1)

Youtube Video

[https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp](https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp)

**## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf**

State and Local Government
Intergovernmental
Relationships: Part I

1

Introduction
• State and local government responsible for

policies — education, trash collection,
transportation, water and sewer,…

• State governments are similar but much
different from federal government.

• Local governments established by states
to handle local policy concerns.

2

Introduction Continued
• Subnational Governments:

• State and local governments — revitalization
and diversity since 960’s.

• States more active in policymaking.
• States remain diverse in populations and

policies.

3

Understanding State and Local
Governments

• Democracy at the Subnational Level
• States allow local governments to manage

local problems in an open manner.
• Lack of voter participation and coordination

among local governments as well as
competition for business and industry.

4

Understanding State and Local
Governments

• The Scope of Subnational Government
• State and local governments growing faster

than federal government.
• Some states have sunset legislation mandates

review of agency programs for continuation.
• Some local governments better at policy than

their states and become innovators at
problem resolution.

5

The Evolution of State
and Local Governments

• Governing in U.S. by multiple authorities
working together and in conflict.
• In 1776, the thirteen colonial governments

became states tied together in a loose
confederation under the Articles.

• Unified into a federal system in the late 1780s to
address weakness of confederative model.

• States create and determine powers of local
governments.

6

The Evolution Continued
• In 1962, the Supreme Court forced the

states to redistrict and become more
representative of the states’ population. In
Baker v. Carr, the Court applied the 14th

Amendment's Equal Protection Clause to
voters.
• The ruling of “one man, one vote” required

legislatures redistrict with an equal number of
constituents in each.

7

The Evolution Continued
• During 1960s and 1970s, federal government

increased responsibilities of states and locals

• Federal programs for poverty, urban renewal,
and environmental quality became
administered by states and locals.

8

The Evolution Continued
• In 1990s, state and local governments more

valuable in federalism.
• States, cities, and counties becoming

program innovators and mutually
cooperating to increase economic growth.

• Governors become important national
actors. State legislators, county officials, city
managers, and other officials now travel
internationally.

9

Grassroots Power and Politics
• Most small towns have a local dynasty–some

big towns have them, too.
• State and local politics more personal, non-

partisan, and issue-oriented than at federal
level.

• Grassroots politics includes influence of local
elites, local issues, local news media, and issue-
specific organizations to enact laws and make
policy.

10

State Governments
• The primary responsibilities of state governments

are:
• education
• public health
• transportation
• economic development
• criminal justice
• licensing/regulation professions (teachers, social workers,

doctors, lawyers, barbers/stylists, architects, etc.)
• States more active in welfare and environmental

issues on their own and as administrators of
national programs.

11

12

Source: Bowman and Kearney, 2017

State Constitutions
• Each state has its own unique constitution.
• They are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution.
• State constitutions have more detail about

specific policies.
• Specific interests work to protect their issues

in the constitutions since it is harder to
amend them.

13

State Constitutions
• Amending State Constitutions

• Few states rewrite their constitutions.
• States often use “cut and paste” by only

updating few sections of Constitution.
• State’s legislature proposes constitutional

amendment and then it is put to a vote in an
election.

• Some states allow citizen initiatives.

14

State Constitutions
• State constitutions limit powers of state

governments.
• After Civil War, Southern states were forced

to draft new constitutions acceptable to
North. New constitutions gave powers to
former slaves and disenfranchised the
traditional elites.

• After Reconstruction, Southern states
adopted newer constitutions providing for
weak governments.

15

State Constitutions
• Western states chose weak governments.
• Western states allow voters to enact

legislation through initiatives and recall
elections to remove officials from office.

• Strengthen state governments to manage
critical issues.

• Lengthen terms of states’ governors with
more oversight on spending.

• Legislatures full-time, better pay, and courts
strengthened.

16

Executives and Legislatures
• Local governments have some or all of

these decision-making positions:
• Elected executive: mayor, village president.
• Elected council or commission: city council,

city commission, city board, county board,
county council, school board,

• Appointed manager: city manager, city
administrator, county administrator, county
manager, school superintendent.

17

Governors
• Governors are chief executive officers of

states with policymaking, budgetary, and
ceremonial roles.
• Propose budget
• Veto authority
• Appointment powers
• Power to pardon
• Commute sentences, grant parole, and extradite

18

Governors and the
Executive Branch

• The Job of Governor
• Expected to fulfill many duties, some formal, some not
• Much diversity in level of formal powers
• 42 governors have a line-item veto—veto only parts

of a bill
• Today’s governors use “personal powers” to help

accomplish their policy goals.
• Public support, character, and leadership style

19

Governors and the
Executive Branch

20

Governors and the Executive Branch
• Other Executive Officers

• Many other state executives are elected separately from the
governor.

• Major state executives include:
• Lieutenant Governor—second-highest executive official

in state governments. In Georgia, serves as Senate
President.

• Attorney General—state’s legal counsel
• State Treasurer—manager of state’s bank accounts
• Secretary of State—elections and record-keeping
• Auditor—financial comptroller
• Insurance Commissioner

21

State Legislatures
• General Information:

• Generally, operate like Congress
• Have become more professional:

• longer sessions—44 state legislatures have
annual sessions

• higher salaries
• more staff for each one and staff for

committees
• Some feel it is against the idea of a “citizen

legislature” favored by public

22

State Legislatures

23

State Legislatures
• All states except Nebraska have bicameral

legislatures.
• By 1999, twenty states limited the number of terms a

legislator could serve. The limits range from six to
twelve years.

• State legislatures are still primarily part-time bodies.
There is abundant turnover–over 25% of seats each
election.

24

Direct Democracy
• Direct initiative: Voters place proposal on ballot

and enact it into law without involving the
legislature or the governor.

• Indirect initiative: Legislature places proposal
on ballot and allows voters to enact it into law
without involving the legislature or the
governor.

25

Direct Democracy
• Direct democracy: government controlled

directly by the citizens

• Methods of citizen control of the Government:
• Initiative: proposed changes to laws be put on the

ballot if enough signatures are collected
• Referendum: voters approve or disapprove state

legislation
• Recall: voters may vote someone out of office

26

– State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relationships: Part I
– Introduction
– Introduction Continued
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– The Evolution of State �and Local Governments
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– Grassroots Power and Politics
– State Governments
– Slide Number 12
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– Executives and Legislatures
– Governors
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the Executive Branch
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– Direct Democracy
– Direct Democracy

**## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf**

State and Local Government
Intergovernmental
Relationships: Part I

1

Introduction
• State and local government responsible for

policies — education, trash collection,
transportation, water and sewer,…

• State governments are similar but much
different from federal government.

• Local governments established by states
to handle local policy concerns.

2

Introduction Continued
• Subnational Governments:

• State and local governments — revitalization
and diversity since 960’s.

• States more active in policymaking.
• States remain diverse in populations and

policies.

3

Understanding State and Local
Governments

• Democracy at the Subnational Level
• States allow local governments to manage

local problems in an open manner.
• Lack of voter participation and coordination

among local governments as well as
competition for business and industry.

4

Understanding State and Local
Governments

• The Scope of Subnational Government
• State and local governments growing faster

than federal government.
• Some states have sunset legislation mandates

review of agency programs for continuation.
• Some local governments better at policy than

their states and become innovators at
problem resolution.

5

The Evolution of State
and Local Governments

• Governing in U.S. by multiple authorities
working together and in conflict.
• In 1776, the thirteen colonial governments

became states tied together in a loose
confederation under the Articles.

• Unified into a federal system in the late 1780s to
address weakness of confederative model.

• States create and determine powers of local
governments.

6

The Evolution Continued
• In 1962, the Supreme Court forced the

states to redistrict and become more
representative of the states’ population. In
Baker v. Carr, the Court applied the 14th

Amendment's Equal Protection Clause to
voters.
• The ruling of “one man, one vote” required

legislatures redistrict with an equal number of
constituents in each.

7

The Evolution Continued
• During 1960s and 1970s, federal government

increased responsibilities of states and locals

• Federal programs for poverty, urban renewal,
and environmental quality became
administered by states and locals.

8

The Evolution Continued
• In 1990s, state and local governments more

valuable in federalism.
• States, cities, and counties becoming

program innovators and mutually
cooperating to increase economic growth.

• Governors become important national
actors. State legislators, county officials, city
managers, and other officials now travel
internationally.

9

Grassroots Power and Politics
• Most small towns have a local dynasty–some

big towns have them, too.
• State and local politics more personal, non-

partisan, and issue-oriented than at federal
level.

• Grassroots politics includes influence of local
elites, local issues, local news media, and issue-
specific organizations to enact laws and make
policy.

10

State Governments
• The primary responsibilities of state governments

are:
• education
• public health
• transportation
• economic development
• criminal justice
• licensing/regulation professions (teachers, social workers,

doctors, lawyers, barbers/stylists, architects, etc.)
• States more active in welfare and environmental

issues on their own and as administrators of
national programs.

11

12

Source: Bowman and Kearney, 2017

State Constitutions
• Each state has its own unique constitution.
• They are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution.
• State constitutions have more detail about

specific policies.
• Specific interests work to protect their issues

in the constitutions since it is harder to
amend them.

13

State Constitutions
• Amending State Constitutions

• Few states rewrite their constitutions.
• States often use “cut and paste” by only

updating few sections of Constitution.
• State’s legislature proposes constitutional

amendment and then it is put to a vote in an
election.

• Some states allow citizen initiatives.

14

State Constitutions
• State constitutions limit powers of state

governments.
• After Civil War, Southern states were forced

to draft new constitutions acceptable to
North. New constitutions gave powers to
former slaves and disenfranchised the
traditional elites.

• After Reconstruction, Southern states
adopted newer constitutions providing for
weak governments.

15

State Constitutions
• Western states chose weak governments.
• Western states allow voters to enact

legislation through initiatives and recall
elections to remove officials from office.

• Strengthen state governments to manage
critical issues.

• Lengthen terms of states’ governors with
more oversight on spending.

• Legislatures full-time, better pay, and courts
strengthened.

16

Executives and Legislatures
• Local governments have some or all of

these decision-making positions:
• Elected executive: mayor, village president.
• Elected council or commission: city council,

city commission, city board, county board,
county council, school board,

• Appointed manager: city manager, city
administrator, county administrator, county
manager, school superintendent.

17

Governors
• Governors are chief executive officers of

states with policymaking, budgetary, and
ceremonial roles.
• Propose budget
• Veto authority
• Appointment powers
• Power to pardon
• Commute sentences, grant parole, and extradite

18

Governors and the
Executive Branch

• The Job of Governor
• Expected to fulfill many duties, some formal, some not
• Much diversity in level of formal powers
• 42 governors have a line-item veto—veto only parts

of a bill
• Today’s governors use “personal powers” to help

accomplish their policy goals.
• Public support, character, and leadership style

19

Governors and the
Executive Branch

20

Governors and the Executive Branch
• Other Executive Officers

• Many other state executives are elected separately from the
governor.

• Major state executives include:
• Lieutenant Governor—second-highest executive official

in state governments. In Georgia, serves as Senate
President.

• Attorney General—state’s legal counsel
• State Treasurer—manager of state’s bank accounts
• Secretary of State—elections and record-keeping
• Auditor—financial comptroller
• Insurance Commissioner

21

State Legislatures
• General Information:

• Generally, operate like Congress
• Have become more professional:

• longer sessions—44 state legislatures have
annual sessions

• higher salaries
• more staff for each one and staff for

committees
• Some feel it is against the idea of a “citizen

legislature” favored by public

22

State Legislatures

23

State Legislatures
• All states except Nebraska have bicameral

legislatures.
• By 1999, twenty states limited the number of terms a

legislator could serve. The limits range from six to
twelve years.

• State legislatures are still primarily part-time bodies.
There is abundant turnover–over 25% of seats each
election.

24

Direct Democracy
• Direct initiative: Voters place proposal on ballot

and enact it into law without involving the
legislature or the governor.

• Indirect initiative: Legislature places proposal
on ballot and allows voters to enact it into law
without involving the legislature or the
governor.

25

Direct Democracy
• Direct democracy: government controlled

directly by the citizens

• Methods of citizen control of the Government:
• Initiative: proposed changes to laws be put on the

ballot if enough signatures are collected
• Referendum: voters approve or disapprove state

legislation
• Recall: voters may vote someone out of office

26

– State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relationships: Part I
– Introduction
– Introduction Continued
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– The Evolution of State �and Local Governments
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– Grassroots Power and Politics
– State Governments
– Slide Number 12
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– Executives and Legislatures
– Governors
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the Executive Branch
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– Direct Democracy
– Direct Democracy

**## CasystudyInstructions.docx**

No AI or Plagiarism

**Instructions**

· Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis

· Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.

· All citations and format must be in current APA format

· Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis

· Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.

Paper must be 8-10 pages

**Case Study: The Supreme Court, Federalism, and Public Administrators Assignment**

Christensen and Wise (2009) state,

[t]he U.S. Supreme Court has come to play an important role in articulating that system of rules. The Supreme Court’s federalism decisions are especially important in understanding what powers public managers [must] achieve policy priorities in the current context of devolved government.

For this
**Case Study Assignment,** you will provide a scholarly paper concerning the effect of recent Supreme Court decisions on public administration and federalism.

Readings

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1)

Youtube Video

[https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp](https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp)

**## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf**

State and Local Government
Intergovernmental
Relationships: Part I

1

Introduction
• State and local government responsible for

policies — education, trash collection,
transportation, water and sewer,…

• State governments are similar but much
different from federal government.

• Local governments established by states
to handle local policy concerns.

2

Introduction Continued
• Subnational Governments:

• State and local governments — revitalization
and diversity since 960’s.

• States more active in policymaking.
• States remain diverse in populations and

policies.

3

Understanding State and Local
Governments

• Democracy at the Subnational Level
• States allow local governments to manage

local problems in an open manner.
• Lack of voter participation and coordination

among local governments as well as
competition for business and industry.

4

Understanding State and Local
Governments

• The Scope of Subnational Government
• State and local governments growing faster

than federal government.
• Some states have sunset legislation mandates

review of agency programs for continuation.
• Some local governments better at policy than

their states and become innovators at
problem resolution.

5

The Evolution of State
and Local Governments

• Governing in U.S. by multiple authorities
working together and in conflict.
• In 1776, the thirteen colonial governments

became states tied together in a loose
confederation under the Articles.

• Unified into a federal system in the late 1780s to
address weakness of confederative model.

• States create and determine powers of local
governments.

6

The Evolution Continued
• In 1962, the Supreme Court forced the

states to redistrict and become more
representative of the states’ population. In
Baker v. Carr, the Court applied the 14th

Amendment's Equal Protection Clause to
voters.
• The ruling of “one man, one vote” required

legislatures redistrict with an equal number of
constituents in each.

7

The Evolution Continued
• During 1960s and 1970s, federal government

increased responsibilities of states and locals

• Federal programs for poverty, urban renewal,
and environmental quality became
administered by states and locals.

8

The Evolution Continued
• In 1990s, state and local governments more

valuable in federalism.
• States, cities, and counties becoming

program innovators and mutually
cooperating to increase economic growth.

• Governors become important national
actors. State legislators, county officials, city
managers, and other officials now travel
internationally.

9

Grassroots Power and Politics
• Most small towns have a local dynasty–some

big towns have them, too.
• State and local politics more personal, non-

partisan, and issue-oriented than at federal
level.

• Grassroots politics includes influence of local
elites, local issues, local news media, and issue-
specific organizations to enact laws and make
policy.

10

State Governments
• The primary responsibilities of state governments

are:
• education
• public health
• transportation
• economic development
• criminal justice
• licensing/regulation professions (teachers, social workers,

doctors, lawyers, barbers/stylists, architects, etc.)
• States more active in welfare and environmental

issues on their own and as administrators of
national programs.

11

12

Source: Bowman and Kearney, 2017

State Constitutions
• Each state has its own unique constitution.
• They are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution.
• State constitutions have more detail about

specific policies.
• Specific interests work to protect their issues

in the constitutions since it is harder to
amend them.

13

State Constitutions
• Amending State Constitutions

• Few states rewrite their constitutions.
• States often use “cut and paste” by only

updating few sections of Constitution.
• State’s legislature proposes constitutional

amendment and then it is put to a vote in an
election.

• Some states allow citizen initiatives.

14

State Constitutions
• State constitutions limit powers of state

governments.
• After Civil War, Southern states were forced

to draft new constitutions acceptable to
North. New constitutions gave powers to
former slaves and disenfranchised the
traditional elites.

• After Reconstruction, Southern states
adopted newer constitutions providing for
weak governments.

15

State Constitutions
• Western states chose weak governments.
• Western states allow voters to enact

legislation through initiatives and recall
elections to remove officials from office.

• Strengthen state governments to manage
critical issues.

• Lengthen terms of states’ governors with
more oversight on spending.

• Legislatures full-time, better pay, and courts
strengthened.

16

Executives and Legislatures
• Local governments have some or all of

these decision-making positions:
• Elected executive: mayor, village president.
• Elected council or commission: city council,

city commission, city board, county board,
county council, school board,

• Appointed manager: city manager, city
administrator, county administrator, county
manager, school superintendent.

17

Governors
• Governors are chief executive officers of

states with policymaking, budgetary, and
ceremonial roles.
• Propose budget
• Veto authority
• Appointment powers
• Power to pardon
• Commute sentences, grant parole, and extradite

18

Governors and the
Executive Branch

• The Job of Governor
• Expected to fulfill many duties, some formal, some not
• Much diversity in level of formal powers
• 42 governors have a line-item veto—veto only parts

of a bill
• Today’s governors use “personal powers” to help

accomplish their policy goals.
• Public support, character, and leadership style

19

Governors and the
Executive Branch

20

Governors and the Executive Branch
• Other Executive Officers

• Many other state executives are elected separately from the
governor.

• Major state executives include:
• Lieutenant Governor—second-highest executive official

in state governments. In Georgia, serves as Senate
President.

• Attorney General—state’s legal counsel
• State Treasurer—manager of state’s bank accounts
• Secretary of State—elections and record-keeping
• Auditor—financial comptroller
• Insurance Commissioner

21

State Legislatures
• General Information:

• Generally, operate like Congress
• Have become more professional:

• longer sessions—44 state legislatures have
annual sessions

• higher salaries
• more staff for each one and staff for

committees
• Some feel it is against the idea of a “citizen

legislature” favored by public

22

State Legislatures

23

State Legislatures
• All states except Nebraska have bicameral

legislatures.
• By 1999, twenty states limited the number of terms a

legislator could serve. The limits range from six to
twelve years.

• State legislatures are still primarily part-time bodies.
There is abundant turnover–over 25% of seats each
election.

24

Direct Democracy
• Direct initiative: Voters place proposal on ballot

and enact it into law without involving the
legislature or the governor.

• Indirect initiative: Legislature places proposal
on ballot and allows voters to enact it into law
without involving the legislature or the
governor.

25

Direct Democracy
• Direct democracy: government controlled

directly by the citizens

• Methods of citizen control of the Government:
• Initiative: proposed changes to laws be put on the

ballot if enough signatures are collected
• Referendum: voters approve or disapprove state

legislation
• Recall: voters may vote someone out of office

26

– State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relationships: Part I
– Introduction
– Introduction Continued
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– The Evolution of State �and Local Governments
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– Grassroots Power and Politics
– State Governments
– Slide Number 12
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– Executives and Legislatures
– Governors
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the Executive Branch
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– Direct Democracy
– Direct Democracy

**## CasystudyInstructions.docx**

No AI or Plagiarism

**Instructions**

· Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis

· Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.

· All citations and format must be in current APA format

· Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis

· Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.

Paper must be 8-10 pages

**Case Study: The Supreme Court, Federalism, and Public Administrators Assignment**

Christensen and Wise (2009) state,

[t]he U.S. Supreme Court has come to play an important role in articulating that system of rules. The Supreme Court’s federalism decisions are especially important in understanding what powers public managers [must] achieve policy priorities in the current context of devolved government.

For this
**Case Study Assignment,** you will provide a scholarly paper concerning the effect of recent Supreme Court decisions on public administration and federalism.

Readings

[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1)

Youtube Video

[https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp](https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp)

**## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf**

State and Local Government
Intergovernmental
Relationships: Part I

1

Introduction
• State and local government responsible for

policies — education, trash collection,
transportation, water and sewer,…

• State governments are similar but much
different from federal government.

• Local governments established by states
to handle local policy concerns.

2

Introduction Continued
• Subnational Governments:

• State and local governments — revitalization
and diversity since 960’s.

• States more active in policymaking.
• States remain diverse in populations and

policies.

3

Understanding State and Local
Governments

• Democracy at the Subnational Level
• States allow local governments to manage

local problems in an open manner.
• Lack of voter participation and coordination

among local governments as well as
competition for business and industry.

4

Understanding State and Local
Governments

• The Scope of Subnational Government
• State and local governments growing faster

than federal government.
• Some states have sunset legislation mandates

review of agency programs for continuation.
• Some local governments better at policy than

their states and become innovators at
problem resolution.

5

The Evolution of State
and Local Governments

• Governing in U.S. by multiple authorities
working together and in conflict.
• In 1776, the thirteen colonial governments

became states tied together in a loose
confederation under the Articles.

• Unified into a federal system in the late 1780s to
address weakness of confederative model.

• States create and determine powers of local
governments.

6

The Evolution Continued
• In 1962, the Supreme Court forced the

states to redistrict and become more
representative of the states’ population. In
Baker v. Carr, the Court applied the 14th

Amendment's Equal Protection Clause to
voters.
• The ruling of “one man, one vote” required

legislatures redistrict with an equal number of
constituents in each.

7

The Evolution Continued
• During 1960s and 1970s, federal government

increased responsibilities of states and locals

• Federal programs for poverty, urban renewal,
and environmental quality became
administered by states and locals.

8

The Evolution Continued
• In 1990s, state and local governments more

valuable in federalism.
• States, cities, and counties becoming

program innovators and mutually
cooperating to increase economic growth.

• Governors become important national
actors. State legislators, county officials, city
managers, and other officials now travel
internationally.

9

Grassroots Power and Politics
• Most small towns have a local dynasty–some

big towns have them, too.
• State and local politics more personal, non-

partisan, and issue-oriented than at federal
level.

• Grassroots politics includes influence of local
elites, local issues, local news media, and issue-
specific organizations to enact laws and make
policy.

10

State Governments
• The primary responsibilities of state governments

are:
• education
• public health
• transportation
• economic development
• criminal justice
• licensing/regulation professions (teachers, social workers,

doctors, lawyers, barbers/stylists, architects, etc.)
• States more active in welfare and environmental

issues on their own and as administrators of
national programs.

11

12

Source: Bowman and Kearney, 2017

State Constitutions
• Each state has its own unique constitution.
• They are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution.
• State constitutions have more detail about

specific policies.
• Specific interests work to protect their issues

in the constitutions since it is harder to
amend them.

13

State Constitutions
• Amending State Constitutions

• Few states rewrite their constitutions.
• States often use “cut and paste” by only

updating few sections of Constitution.
• State’s legislature proposes constitutional

amendment and then it is put to a vote in an
election.

• Some states allow citizen initiatives.

14

State Constitutions
• State constitutions limit powers of state

governments.
• After Civil War, Southern states were forced

to draft new constitutions acceptable to
North. New constitutions gave powers to
former slaves and disenfranchised the
traditional elites.

• After Reconstruction, Southern states
adopted newer constitutions providing for
weak governments.

15

State Constitutions
• Western states chose weak governments.
• Western states allow voters to enact

legislation through initiatives and recall
elections to remove officials from office.

• Strengthen state governments to manage
critical issues.

• Lengthen terms of states’ governors with
more oversight on spending.

• Legislatures full-time, better pay, and courts
strengthened.

16

Executives and Legislatures
• Local governments have some or all of

these decision-making positions:
• Elected executive: mayor, village president.
• Elected council or commission: city council,

city commission, city board, county board,
county council, school board,

• Appointed manager: city manager, city
administrator, county administrator, county
manager, school superintendent.

17

Governors
• Governors are chief executive officers of

states with policymaking, budgetary, and
ceremonial roles.
• Propose budget
• Veto authority
• Appointment powers
• Power to pardon
• Commute sentences, grant parole, and extradite

18

Governors and the
Executive Branch

• The Job of Governor
• Expected to fulfill many duties, some formal, some not
• Much diversity in level of formal powers
• 42 governors have a line-item veto—veto only parts

of a bill
• Today’s governors use “personal powers” to help

accomplish their policy goals.
• Public support, character, and leadership style

19

Governors and the
Executive Branch

20

Governors and the Executive Branch
• Other Executive Officers

• Many other state executives are elected separately from the
governor.

• Major state executives include:
• Lieutenant Governor—second-highest executive official

in state governments. In Georgia, serves as Senate
President.

• Attorney General—state’s legal counsel
• State Treasurer—manager of state’s bank accounts
• Secretary of State—elections and record-keeping
• Auditor—financial comptroller
• Insurance Commissioner

21

State Legislatures
• General Information:

• Generally, operate like Congress
• Have become more professional:

• longer sessions—44 state legislatures have
annual sessions

• higher salaries
• more staff for each one and staff for

committees
• Some feel it is against the idea of a “citizen

legislature” favored by public

22

State Legislatures

23

State Legislatures
• All states except Nebraska have bicameral

legislatures.
• By 1999, twenty states limited the number of terms a

legislator could serve. The limits range from six to
twelve years.

• State legislatures are still primarily part-time bodies.
There is abundant turnover–over 25% of seats each
election.

24

Direct Democracy
• Direct initiative: Voters place proposal on ballot

and enact it into law without involving the
legislature or the governor.

• Indirect initiative: Legislature places proposal
on ballot and allows voters to enact it into law
without involving the legislature or the
governor.

25

Direct Democracy
• Direct democracy: government controlled

directly by the citizens

• Methods of citizen control of the Government:
• Initiative: proposed changes to laws be put on the

ballot if enough signatures are collected
• Referendum: voters approve or disapprove state

legislation
• Recall: voters may vote someone out of office

26

– State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relationships: Part I
– Introduction
– Introduction Continued
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– The Evolution of State �and Local Governments
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– Grassroots Power and Politics
– State Governments
– Slide Number 12
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– Executives and Legislatures
– Governors
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the Executive Branch
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– Direct Democracy
– Direct Democracy

– 1
– 2