Assignment Prompt & Instructions
Signature assignment about community acquired pneumonia.
Format APA style 7 edition.
– ## NUR6400SignatureAssignment.docx
– ## APA-7-Writing-in-APA-7th-Ed-Example-Paper1.pdf
**## NUR6400SignatureAssignment.docx**
**SCHOOL OF NURSING GRADUATE STUDIES**
**MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – FNP**
**NUR6400 Role Development in Family Practice: Clinical Integration**
**Signature Assignment**
Understanding the role technology plays in advanced primary care to vulnerable populations is vital to ensure proper and timely diagnosis and treatment to improve healthcare outcomes for the patient. The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate one global burden of disease OR risk factor in the family population (pediatric, adult, or geriatric) and explore one current evidence-based technology use that can offer improvement of outcomes and access to the population chosen.
This assignment will focus on the following course student learning outcomes (CSLO):
1. Generate knowledge from clinical practice to improve practice and patient outcomes (EOPSLO# 4, 9).
2. Leads practice inquiry, individually or in partnership with others (EOPSLO# 2, 3, 4, 7).
3. Translates research and other forms of knowledge to improve practice processes and outcomes (EOPSLO# 9).
4. Evaluate the relationships among access, cost, quality, and safety and their influence on healthcare (EOPSLO# 3, 6, 9).
5. Collaborates in planning for transitions across the continuum of care (EOPSLO# 2, 7).
6. Integrates ethical principles in decision-making (EOPSLO# 6, 9).
7. Integrates appropriate technologies for knowledge management to improve healthcare (EOPSLO# 5).
8. Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan of care for the family, as well as the individual, and implement changes (EOPSLO# 8).
Instructions: Please choose one global burden of disease and one population (adult, pediatric, or geriatric). Once the population is chosen, find one evidence-based technology to help support the improvement of outcomes in the global burden of disease chosen.
**You are to write a three-to-five-page paper in APA format 7th edition with the following sections and level 2 headings:**
**Introduction:**
Brief overview of the health of the population chosen
-Introduce the global burden of disease OR risk factor chosen
-Importance of improving the condition and its impact on quality of life
**Body of the Paper**
**Global Burden of Disease Condition/Risk Factor**
-Describe the disease OR risk factor chosen
-What signs/symptoms are identified in the patient that can be found?
-How is it diagnosed and treated?
**Technology and Healthcare**
-Describe the paradigm shift in healthcare related to technology
-Elaborate how technology can improve health outcomes in your population
**Chosen Evidence-Based Technology Use in Disease or Risk Factor**
-Describe and summarize the evidence-based technology identified that has been shown to improve the condition or Risk Factor for your patient population chosen.
-Compare and contrast the positives and negatives of using this technology use chosen.
**Conclusion**
-Recap points discussed in the paper
-Importance of advancements in technology
Optional Resources:
https://www.thelancet.com/gbd/summaries
https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/library/what-global-burden-disease-gbd
## image1.jpeg
**## APA-7-Writing-in-APA-7th-Ed-Example-Paper1.pdf**
1
Writing in APA Style 7th Edition Example Paper
Student Name
Antioch University Santa Barbara
Course Name
Instructor Name
January 8, 2020
Title in bold, Capitalize All
of the Major Words; no
word limit.
Student Name, Institution,
Course Name & Number,
Instructor, and Due Date,
all on separate lines
Change from APA 6: No Running head
Every page has a page number in the header
Student Paper Example
Based on the Seventh Ed. of the
Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association
Use same font size
for everything in the
entire document
APA 7 no longer requires
12-pt. Times New Roman.
Permitted fonts:
12-pt. Times New
Roman
11-pt. Georgia
11-pt. Calibri
11-pt. Arial
10-pt. Lucida Sans
Unicode
One blank double-spaced
line under title.
Entire document should be
double-spaced.
2
Abstract
This paper describes some basic parts of writing in APA style 7th Edition. These components
include seven major areas: the title page, abstract, formatting concerns for student writing, use
of language, in-text citations, the references page, and titles and figures. This paper also
provides examples of specific changes that are required by APA style 7th Edition.
Keywords: APA style, citations, frustration
Level 1 heading
(see box below)
An abstract is a brief
comprehensive summary of the
contents of the paper, typically
no more than 250 words.
Abstracts are not usually
required for student papers.
Check with your instructor to
see if an abstract and/or
keywords are required for your
paper.
If you’re not required to
include an abstract, begin the
main text on this page.
Keywords are words, phrases,
or acronyms that describe the
most important aspects of your
paper. They are used for
indexing in databases and help
readers find your work during a
search.
If required for your paper,
provide 3–5 keywords.
Keywords can be listed in any
order.
Indent ½ inch.
No period
Page number
1 inch margin
Headings: Use headings in your paper to distinguish between
main sections and sub-sections.
Format for the Five Levels of Headings in APA Style
Level Format
1 Centered, Bold, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
2 Left Align, Bold, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
3 Left Align, Bold Italic, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
4 Indented, Bold, Capitalize Major Words. After a
period, text begins on the same line and continues.
5 Indented, Bold Italic, Capitalize Major Words. After
a period, text begins on the same line and continues.
Main sections (divisions)
of the body of your
paper
Sub-sections
3
Writing in APA Style 7th Edition Example Paper
Writing in the style of the American Psychological Association (APA) is a regular practice
for students of higher degree programs in psychology and many programs in science. The new
edition of the manual has made several changes, such as endorsing the use of the singular they,
as exemplified in the next sentence. Each student writer who applies the new APA student
writing standards may encounter different challenges, however, they may use the resources
provided by the AUSB Writing Center for support in learning the relevant new rules.
According to the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (2019), the style’s broad applicability “helps authors present their
ideas in a clear, concise, and organized manner” that “uniformity and consistency enables
readers to (a) focus on the ideas being presented rather than formatting and (b) scan works
quickly for key points” (p. xvii). Since this paper is mostly written in the seventh edition of APA
style, attentive readers will note that it has many examples of changes from the sixth edition.
Most of the rules demonstrated here are those a student will need to have some acquaintance
with in order to write easily according to the student writing guidelines, which are distinct from
APA’s new journal article reporting standards (Paiz et al., 2013).
The Structure of a Paper in APA Style
The APA style guidelines are designed for primary research papers that usually contain
the following sections: (a) introduction, (b) method, (c) results, (d) discussion, and (e)
references. However, the actual headings may vary depending on the type of paper one is
writing (American Psychological Association, 2019). For example, papers that do not describe
primary research or original experimental data may omit the method, results, and discussion
Level 1 heading
(see p. 2)
Use singular
“they”
New in APA 7:
Use “et al.” for three
or more authors
Title is bolded and
centered, Capitalize
All of the Major Words
Level 1 heading
(a main section)
One
space
after a
period
1 inch
margins on
all sides
Repeat title from Title page
4
sections (Xyers, Young, Zucherman, & Anne, 2019, p. 291). Some sections may be broken into
subsections, in which case the authors must use the appropriate headings and subheadings
(Xyers, Young, Zucherman, & Roberts, 2019, para. 4).
Organizing the Main Body
Most APA style papers written by students are not experimental; the organization of
headings and subheadings within the main body of the paper is therefore particularly
important. In certain cases, the author might use additional major sections, such as a literature
review, to introduce their own material.
Organizing the Main Body When There are Additional Content Concerns
In some common graduate assignments, students are instructed to compare therapeutic
models, provide possible interventions given specific presenting problems, or engage in case
study analyses. These papers may have particular sections (such as presenting problem, or
socio-cultural considerations of a given model).
Language Concerns in the Body of the Paper. Sometimes, writers who are just
becoming comfortable with APA style, or with academic writing in general, will mimic academic
language in ways subtly less clear than writers who use academic register fluently. For example,
one might write the following sentence, which sounds academic to the mental ear, but in which
almost everything is done poorly:
during the preparatory process of elucidating the critical and fundamental elements of
this theory for analysis, it would be observed that certain subjective elements of the
theory would be excessively situational to the point of being non-applicable outside of
the theorists’ particular circumstances. (Goodwin, 2012a)
Exception to “et al.” rule for 3 or more authors:
Include as many authors as needed to distinguish
between sources with the same first author(s).
Level 2
heading
(a sub-
section)
Level 3 heading (a
sub-section of the
Level 2 sub-section)
Level 4
heading
(see
p. 2)
If a quotation
is 40 words
or more, use
a block quote
format: new
line, indent ½
inch, double
space, no
quotation
marks.
Short
papers
usually
only
need
Level 1
and 2
headings
For block quotes,
period comes
before citation.
5
We observe that such a sentence serves little use beyond parody. The same sentiment can be
expressed in appropriate academic register in the following fashion: this theory is based on
subjective components and thus is not widely applicable (Goodwin, 2012b).
Language Concerns as Issues of Unstated Academic Expectation. Writers for whom the
distinction between the two earlier examples is unintuitive should not be dismayed. Graham
and Harris (1997) have shown that an academic style of writing is slowly learned, and is not
often intuitive. Often, the rules of academic English, and American academic English in
particular, are presented as assumptions rather than with explicit guidance (Graham & Harris,
1997). A student may look at their peers and see no one else asking questions about unclear
elements of an assignment, or unclear expectations, and try to muddle through on their own
rather than raising the issue. However, most academic expectations need to be explicitly taught
at some point, so students should not feel bad asking for clarification. Often, if one writer has a
question about the expectations, many others do also (S. Harter, personal communication,
September 30, 2018).
In-Text Citations and References
The American Psychological Association (APA) encourages authors to cite any works
that have impacted their own (APA, 2019). In general, the style guide recommends
paraphrasing sources rather than using too many direct quotes, “because paraphrasing
allows you to fit material to the context of your paper and writing style” (APA, 2019, p. 270).
A direct quote is best employed when the original author has stated a point particular
memorably, concisely, or effectively, or when the original author is providing a technical
Personal communication formatting example. Cite
in text but not on References page. (see p. 7)
Cite the
specific page
number of
direct
quotes.
Narrative
citation style
Parenthetical
citation style
2 Styles of In-
text Citations:
Narrative &
Parenthetical:
Level 4
heading
Level 1
heading
Para-
phrase
About page numbers:
Use for direct quotes
Use for paraphrases of information on a specific page
o Otherwise, optional for paraphrases
No
page #
(see
box
below)
6
definition or explanation of a term. Under other circumstances, a paraphrase is usually more
efficient than a direct quotation. Both paraphrased ideas as well as quotations need to be cited,
though; only common knowledge does not require a citation. A good general rule of thumb
might be: “when in doubt, cite it, and if you don’t have a citation, double-check” (S. Chase,
personal communication, August 12, 2017).
Writers using APA style should be careful to format their citations appropriately. Most
in-text citations follow the format of author and year in parentheses, providing page numbers
(or paragraph numbers) for every direct quotation. For paraphrases/summaries in your own
words, include a page number when information is from a specific page of a source; otherwise
a page number is optional, but may be helpful. The formatting of references in the references
list, however, is more complicated, and writers should check their work to ensure that they
have used the appropriate format for each citation, depending on the type of source.
Figures and Tables
As shown in Table 1, the seventh edition of APA has made some changes to the
formatting of figures and tables. For example, figures now use the same title format as tables
(see Figure 1).
Final Recommendations
APA style is an effective way of formatting and presenting complex material. APA can be
time-consuming to learn; visit us in the AUSB Writing Center for help with any of your APA
questions.
Personal communication formatting example. Cite
in text but not on References page. (see p. 7)
Use table and figure numbers to refer the reader to tables
and figures. Do not write “see the table above/below”.
7
References
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (7th ed.).
Goodwin, J. (2012a). Made up examples of bad academic writing. Academic Writing, 343(1),
1006–1010. http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345
Goodwin, J. (2012b). Good reading is hard writing: Another made-up journal article about
academic writing. Reading & Writing, 25(3), 143–152.
http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789
Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1997). It can be taught, but it does not develop naturally: Myths and
realities in writing instruction. School Psychology Review, 26(6), 414–424.
Paiz, J. M., Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, G., Franks, M., Paul, R.,
Keech, E., Ruiz, G., Allison, A., Caterelli, B., Zhou, M., Soong, R., Nguyen, Y., Bedo, O.,
Sanders, B., Howard, C., Denny, H., … Keck, R. (2013). Online writing: The challenges of
learning APA. Journal of Psychotherapy. http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810
Xyers, K., Young, G., Zucherman, F., and Anne, A. (2019). Example with multiple authors. In G. Y.
Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Big Book of Examples (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). CRC Press.
Xyers, K., Young, G., Zucherman, F., and Roberts, B. (2019, June 1). Example citation for multiple
authors. BBC News. http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html
New in APA 7:
No place of publication for books Leave hyperlinks
Do not use “retrieved from” or a retrieval date unless the website content updates often by
design (e.g., social media)
Level 1 heading
When publisher & author are the same, omit that info.
Include DOI as
hyperlinked URL
Capitalize only
the first word
of a journal
article and
subtitle.
Include
up to 20
authors
References should be in
alphabetical order and
double spaced.
Exception: Do not include personal
communication on your References
page, e.g., emails or interviews, since
they are not recoverable. Instead,
cite them in-text. (See p. 6.)
The References provides the information necessary for a reader to
locate and retrieve any source you cite.
Every source you cite must appear on your References page.
References page only includes sources cited in the body of your paper.
Same author,
same year:
use a & b
Use a
hanging
indent
[http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345](http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345)
[http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789](http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789)
[http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810www.huffingtonpost.com/fake-url](http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810www.huffingtonpost.com/fake-url)
[http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html](http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html)
8
Table 1
An Example of an APA Style Table
Table or Figure Change from 6th Edition
Table Mostly the same for simple tables, but avoid unnecessary
borders or shading in a table
Figure Now uses same title format as tables
Note. A table note may optionally be included under the table to clarify the contents of the
table for the readers of the manuscript.
Figure 1
Writing in APA Style
Note. A figure note may optionally be included under the figure to clarify the contents of the
figure for the readers of the manuscript.
Limited shading and borders now
preferred. (Do not use vertical
borders to separate data.)
Figure titles now parallel to table titles
(above the figure)
Figures and
tables are
left-aligned
Place each table on a separate page,
followed by each figure on a
separate page
**## APA-7-Writing-in-APA-7th-Ed-Example-Paper1.pdf**
1
Writing in APA Style 7th Edition Example Paper
Student Name
Antioch University Santa Barbara
Course Name
Instructor Name
January 8, 2020
Title in bold, Capitalize All
of the Major Words; no
word limit.
Student Name, Institution,
Course Name & Number,
Instructor, and Due Date,
all on separate lines
Change from APA 6: No Running head
Every page has a page number in the header
Student Paper Example
Based on the Seventh Ed. of the
Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association
Use same font size
for everything in the
entire document
APA 7 no longer requires
12-pt. Times New Roman.
Permitted fonts:
12-pt. Times New
Roman
11-pt. Georgia
11-pt. Calibri
11-pt. Arial
10-pt. Lucida Sans
Unicode
One blank double-spaced
line under title.
Entire document should be
double-spaced.
2
Abstract
This paper describes some basic parts of writing in APA style 7th Edition. These components
include seven major areas: the title page, abstract, formatting concerns for student writing, use
of language, in-text citations, the references page, and titles and figures. This paper also
provides examples of specific changes that are required by APA style 7th Edition.
Keywords: APA style, citations, frustration
Level 1 heading
(see box below)
An abstract is a brief
comprehensive summary of the
contents of the paper, typically
no more than 250 words.
Abstracts are not usually
required for student papers.
Check with your instructor to
see if an abstract and/or
keywords are required for your
paper.
If you’re not required to
include an abstract, begin the
main text on this page.
Keywords are words, phrases,
or acronyms that describe the
most important aspects of your
paper. They are used for
indexing in databases and help
readers find your work during a
search.
If required for your paper,
provide 3–5 keywords.
Keywords can be listed in any
order.
Indent ½ inch.
No period
Page number
1 inch margin
Headings: Use headings in your paper to distinguish between
main sections and sub-sections.
Format for the Five Levels of Headings in APA Style
Level Format
1 Centered, Bold, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
2 Left Align, Bold, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
3 Left Align, Bold Italic, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
4 Indented, Bold, Capitalize Major Words. After a
period, text begins on the same line and continues.
5 Indented, Bold Italic, Capitalize Major Words. After
a period, text begins on the same line and continues.
Main sections (divisions)
of the body of your
paper
Sub-sections
3
Writing in APA Style 7th Edition Example Paper
Writing in the style of the American Psychological Association (APA) is a regular practice
for students of higher degree programs in psychology and many programs in science. The new
edition of the manual has made several changes, such as endorsing the use of the singular they,
as exemplified in the next sentence. Each student writer who applies the new APA student
writing standards may encounter different challenges, however, they may use the resources
provided by the AUSB Writing Center for support in learning the relevant new rules.
According to the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (2019), the style’s broad applicability “helps authors present their
ideas in a clear, concise, and organized manner” that “uniformity and consistency enables
readers to (a) focus on the ideas being presented rather than formatting and (b) scan works
quickly for key points” (p. xvii). Since this paper is mostly written in the seventh edition of APA
style, attentive readers will note that it has many examples of changes from the sixth edition.
Most of the rules demonstrated here are those a student will need to have some acquaintance
with in order to write easily according to the student writing guidelines, which are distinct from
APA’s new journal article reporting standards (Paiz et al., 2013).
The Structure of a Paper in APA Style
The APA style guidelines are designed for primary research papers that usually contain
the following sections: (a) introduction, (b) method, (c) results, (d) discussion, and (e)
references. However, the actual headings may vary depending on the type of paper one is
writing (American Psychological Association, 2019). For example, papers that do not describe
primary research or original experimental data may omit the method, results, and discussion
Level 1 heading
(see p. 2)
Use singular
“they”
New in APA 7:
Use “et al.” for three
or more authors
Title is bolded and
centered, Capitalize
All of the Major Words
Level 1 heading
(a main section)
One
space
after a
period
1 inch
margins on
all sides
Repeat title from Title page
4
sections (Xyers, Young, Zucherman, & Anne, 2019, p. 291). Some sections may be broken into
subsections, in which case the authors must use the appropriate headings and subheadings
(Xyers, Young, Zucherman, & Roberts, 2019, para. 4).
Organizing the Main Body
Most APA style papers written by students are not experimental; the organization of
headings and subheadings within the main body of the paper is therefore particularly
important. In certain cases, the author might use additional major sections, such as a literature
review, to introduce their own material.
Organizing the Main Body When There are Additional Content Concerns
In some common graduate assignments, students are instructed to compare therapeutic
models, provide possible interventions given specific presenting problems, or engage in case
study analyses. These papers may have particular sections (such as presenting problem, or
socio-cultural considerations of a given model).
Language Concerns in the Body of the Paper. Sometimes, writers who are just
becoming comfortable with APA style, or with academic writing in general, will mimic academic
language in ways subtly less clear than writers who use academic register fluently. For example,
one might write the following sentence, which sounds academic to the mental ear, but in which
almost everything is done poorly:
during the preparatory process of elucidating the critical and fundamental elements of
this theory for analysis, it would be observed that certain subjective elements of the
theory would be excessively situational to the point of being non-applicable outside of
the theorists’ particular circumstances. (Goodwin, 2012a)
Exception to “et al.” rule for 3 or more authors:
Include as many authors as needed to distinguish
between sources with the same first author(s).
Level 2
heading
(a sub-
section)
Level 3 heading (a
sub-section of the
Level 2 sub-section)
Level 4
heading
(see
p. 2)
If a quotation
is 40 words
or more, use
a block quote
format: new
line, indent ½
inch, double
space, no
quotation
marks.
Short
papers
usually
only
need
Level 1
and 2
headings
For block quotes,
period comes
before citation.
5
We observe that such a sentence serves little use beyond parody. The same sentiment can be
expressed in appropriate academic register in the following fashion: this theory is based on
subjective components and thus is not widely applicable (Goodwin, 2012b).
Language Concerns as Issues of Unstated Academic Expectation. Writers for whom the
distinction between the two earlier examples is unintuitive should not be dismayed. Graham
and Harris (1997) have shown that an academic style of writing is slowly learned, and is not
often intuitive. Often, the rules of academic English, and American academic English in
particular, are presented as assumptions rather than with explicit guidance (Graham & Harris,
1997). A student may look at their peers and see no one else asking questions about unclear
elements of an assignment, or unclear expectations, and try to muddle through on their own
rather than raising the issue. However, most academic expectations need to be explicitly taught
at some point, so students should not feel bad asking for clarification. Often, if one writer has a
question about the expectations, many others do also (S. Harter, personal communication,
September 30, 2018).
In-Text Citations and References
The American Psychological Association (APA) encourages authors to cite any works
that have impacted their own (APA, 2019). In general, the style guide recommends
paraphrasing sources rather than using too many direct quotes, “because paraphrasing
allows you to fit material to the context of your paper and writing style” (APA, 2019, p. 270).
A direct quote is best employed when the original author has stated a point particular
memorably, concisely, or effectively, or when the original author is providing a technical
Personal communication formatting example. Cite
in text but not on References page. (see p. 7)
Cite the
specific page
number of
direct
quotes.
Narrative
citation style
Parenthetical
citation style
2 Styles of In-
text Citations:
Narrative &
Parenthetical:
Level 4
heading
Level 1
heading
Para-
phrase
About page numbers:
Use for direct quotes
Use for paraphrases of information on a specific page
o Otherwise, optional for paraphrases
No
page #
(see
box
below)
6
definition or explanation of a term. Under other circumstances, a paraphrase is usually more
efficient than a direct quotation. Both paraphrased ideas as well as quotations need to be cited,
though; only common knowledge does not require a citation. A good general rule of thumb
might be: “when in doubt, cite it, and if you don’t have a citation, double-check” (S. Chase,
personal communication, August 12, 2017).
Writers using APA style should be careful to format their citations appropriately. Most
in-text citations follow the format of author and year in parentheses, providing page numbers
(or paragraph numbers) for every direct quotation. For paraphrases/summaries in your own
words, include a page number when information is from a specific page of a source; otherwise
a page number is optional, but may be helpful. The formatting of references in the references
list, however, is more complicated, and writers should check their work to ensure that they
have used the appropriate format for each citation, depending on the type of source.
Figures and Tables
As shown in Table 1, the seventh edition of APA has made some changes to the
formatting of figures and tables. For example, figures now use the same title format as tables
(see Figure 1).
Final Recommendations
APA style is an effective way of formatting and presenting complex material. APA can be
time-consuming to learn; visit us in the AUSB Writing Center for help with any of your APA
questions.
Personal communication formatting example. Cite
in text but not on References page. (see p. 7)
Use table and figure numbers to refer the reader to tables
and figures. Do not write “see the table above/below”.
7
References
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (7th ed.).
Goodwin, J. (2012a). Made up examples of bad academic writing. Academic Writing, 343(1),
1006–1010. http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345
Goodwin, J. (2012b). Good reading is hard writing: Another made-up journal article about
academic writing. Reading & Writing, 25(3), 143–152.
http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789
Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1997). It can be taught, but it does not develop naturally: Myths and
realities in writing instruction. School Psychology Review, 26(6), 414–424.
Paiz, J. M., Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, G., Franks, M., Paul, R.,
Keech, E., Ruiz, G., Allison, A., Caterelli, B., Zhou, M., Soong, R., Nguyen, Y., Bedo, O.,
Sanders, B., Howard, C., Denny, H., … Keck, R. (2013). Online writing: The challenges of
learning APA. Journal of Psychotherapy. http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810
Xyers, K., Young, G., Zucherman, F., and Anne, A. (2019). Example with multiple authors. In G. Y.
Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Big Book of Examples (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). CRC Press.
Xyers, K., Young, G., Zucherman, F., and Roberts, B. (2019, June 1). Example citation for multiple
authors. BBC News. http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html
New in APA 7:
No place of publication for books Leave hyperlinks
Do not use “retrieved from” or a retrieval date unless the website content updates often by
design (e.g., social media)
Level 1 heading
When publisher & author are the same, omit that info.
Include DOI as
hyperlinked URL
Capitalize only
the first word
of a journal
article and
subtitle.
Include
up to 20
authors
References should be in
alphabetical order and
double spaced.
Exception: Do not include personal
communication on your References
page, e.g., emails or interviews, since
they are not recoverable. Instead,
cite them in-text. (See p. 6.)
The References provides the information necessary for a reader to
locate and retrieve any source you cite.
Every source you cite must appear on your References page.
References page only includes sources cited in the body of your paper.
Same author,
same year:
use a & b
Use a
hanging
indent
[http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345](http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345)
[http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789](http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789)
[http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810www.huffingtonpost.com/fake-url](http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810www.huffingtonpost.com/fake-url)
[http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html](http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html)
8
Table 1
An Example of an APA Style Table
Table or Figure Change from 6th Edition
Table Mostly the same for simple tables, but avoid unnecessary
borders or shading in a table
Figure Now uses same title format as tables
Note. A table note may optionally be included under the table to clarify the contents of the
table for the readers of the manuscript.
Figure 1
Writing in APA Style
Note. A figure note may optionally be included under the figure to clarify the contents of the
figure for the readers of the manuscript.
Limited shading and borders now
preferred. (Do not use vertical
borders to separate data.)
Figure titles now parallel to table titles
(above the figure)
Figures and
tables are
left-aligned
Place each table on a separate page,
followed by each figure on a
separate page
**## NUR6400SignatureAssignment.docx**
**SCHOOL OF NURSING GRADUATE STUDIES**
**MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – FNP**
**NUR6400 Role Development in Family Practice: Clinical Integration**
**Signature Assignment**
Understanding the role technology plays in advanced primary care to vulnerable populations is vital to ensure proper and timely diagnosis and treatment to improve healthcare outcomes for the patient. The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate one global burden of disease OR risk factor in the family population (pediatric, adult, or geriatric) and explore one current evidence-based technology use that can offer improvement of outcomes and access to the population chosen.
This assignment will focus on the following course student learning outcomes (CSLO):
1. Generate knowledge from clinical practice to improve practice and patient outcomes (EOPSLO# 4, 9).
2. Leads practice inquiry, individually or in partnership with others (EOPSLO# 2, 3, 4, 7).
3. Translates research and other forms of knowledge to improve practice processes and outcomes (EOPSLO# 9).
4. Evaluate the relationships among access, cost, quality, and safety and their influence on healthcare (EOPSLO# 3, 6, 9).
5. Collaborates in planning for transitions across the continuum of care (EOPSLO# 2, 7).
6. Integrates ethical principles in decision-making (EOPSLO# 6, 9).
7. Integrates appropriate technologies for knowledge management to improve healthcare (EOPSLO# 5).
8. Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan of care for the family, as well as the individual, and implement changes (EOPSLO# 8).
Instructions: Please choose one global burden of disease and one population (adult, pediatric, or geriatric). Once the population is chosen, find one evidence-based technology to help support the improvement of outcomes in the global burden of disease chosen.
**You are to write a three-to-five-page paper in APA format 7th edition with the following sections and level 2 headings:**
**Introduction:**
Brief overview of the health of the population chosen
-Introduce the global burden of disease OR risk factor chosen
-Importance of improving the condition and its impact on quality of life
**Body of the Paper**
**Global Burden of Disease Condition/Risk Factor**
-Describe the disease OR risk factor chosen
-What signs/symptoms are identified in the patient that can be found?
-How is it diagnosed and treated?
**Technology and Healthcare**
-Describe the paradigm shift in healthcare related to technology
-Elaborate how technology can improve health outcomes in your population
**Chosen Evidence-Based Technology Use in Disease or Risk Factor**
-Describe and summarize the evidence-based technology identified that has been shown to improve the condition or Risk Factor for your patient population chosen.
-Compare and contrast the positives and negatives of using this technology use chosen.
**Conclusion**
-Recap points discussed in the paper
-Importance of advancements in technology
Optional Resources:
https://www.thelancet.com/gbd/summaries
https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/library/what-global-burden-disease-gbd
## image1.jpeg
**## APA-7-Writing-in-APA-7th-Ed-Example-Paper1.pdf**
1
Writing in APA Style 7th Edition Example Paper
Student Name
Antioch University Santa Barbara
Course Name
Instructor Name
January 8, 2020
Title in bold, Capitalize All
of the Major Words; no
word limit.
Student Name, Institution,
Course Name & Number,
Instructor, and Due Date,
all on separate lines
Change from APA 6: No Running head
Every page has a page number in the header
Student Paper Example
Based on the Seventh Ed. of the
Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association
Use same font size
for everything in the
entire document
APA 7 no longer requires
12-pt. Times New Roman.
Permitted fonts:
12-pt. Times New
Roman
11-pt. Georgia
11-pt. Calibri
11-pt. Arial
10-pt. Lucida Sans
Unicode
One blank double-spaced
line under title.
Entire document should be
double-spaced.
2
Abstract
This paper describes some basic parts of writing in APA style 7th Edition. These components
include seven major areas: the title page, abstract, formatting concerns for student writing, use
of language, in-text citations, the references page, and titles and figures. This paper also
provides examples of specific changes that are required by APA style 7th Edition.
Keywords: APA style, citations, frustration
Level 1 heading
(see box below)
An abstract is a brief
comprehensive summary of the
contents of the paper, typically
no more than 250 words.
Abstracts are not usually
required for student papers.
Check with your instructor to
see if an abstract and/or
keywords are required for your
paper.
If you’re not required to
include an abstract, begin the
main text on this page.
Keywords are words, phrases,
or acronyms that describe the
most important aspects of your
paper. They are used for
indexing in databases and help
readers find your work during a
search.
If required for your paper,
provide 3–5 keywords.
Keywords can be listed in any
order.
Indent ½ inch.
No period
Page number
1 inch margin
Headings: Use headings in your paper to distinguish between
main sections and sub-sections.
Format for the Five Levels of Headings in APA Style
Level Format
1 Centered, Bold, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
2 Left Align, Bold, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
3 Left Align, Bold Italic, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
4 Indented, Bold, Capitalize Major Words. After a
period, text begins on the same line and continues.
5 Indented, Bold Italic, Capitalize Major Words. After
a period, text begins on the same line and continues.
Main sections (divisions)
of the body of your
paper
Sub-sections
3
Writing in APA Style 7th Edition Example Paper
Writing in the style of the American Psychological Association (APA) is a regular practice
for students of higher degree programs in psychology and many programs in science. The new
edition of the manual has made several changes, such as endorsing the use of the singular they,
as exemplified in the next sentence. Each student writer who applies the new APA student
writing standards may encounter different challenges, however, they may use the resources
provided by the AUSB Writing Center for support in learning the relevant new rules.
According to the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (2019), the style’s broad applicability “helps authors present their
ideas in a clear, concise, and organized manner” that “uniformity and consistency enables
readers to (a) focus on the ideas being presented rather than formatting and (b) scan works
quickly for key points” (p. xvii). Since this paper is mostly written in the seventh edition of APA
style, attentive readers will note that it has many examples of changes from the sixth edition.
Most of the rules demonstrated here are those a student will need to have some acquaintance
with in order to write easily according to the student writing guidelines, which are distinct from
APA’s new journal article reporting standards (Paiz et al., 2013).
The Structure of a Paper in APA Style
The APA style guidelines are designed for primary research papers that usually contain
the following sections: (a) introduction, (b) method, (c) results, (d) discussion, and (e)
references. However, the actual headings may vary depending on the type of paper one is
writing (American Psychological Association, 2019). For example, papers that do not describe
primary research or original experimental data may omit the method, results, and discussion
Level 1 heading
(see p. 2)
Use singular
“they”
New in APA 7:
Use “et al.” for three
or more authors
Title is bolded and
centered, Capitalize
All of the Major Words
Level 1 heading
(a main section)
One
space
after a
period
1 inch
margins on
all sides
Repeat title from Title page
4
sections (Xyers, Young, Zucherman, & Anne, 2019, p. 291). Some sections may be broken into
subsections, in which case the authors must use the appropriate headings and subheadings
(Xyers, Young, Zucherman, & Roberts, 2019, para. 4).
Organizing the Main Body
Most APA style papers written by students are not experimental; the organization of
headings and subheadings within the main body of the paper is therefore particularly
important. In certain cases, the author might use additional major sections, such as a literature
review, to introduce their own material.
Organizing the Main Body When There are Additional Content Concerns
In some common graduate assignments, students are instructed to compare therapeutic
models, provide possible interventions given specific presenting problems, or engage in case
study analyses. These papers may have particular sections (such as presenting problem, or
socio-cultural considerations of a given model).
Language Concerns in the Body of the Paper. Sometimes, writers who are just
becoming comfortable with APA style, or with academic writing in general, will mimic academic
language in ways subtly less clear than writers who use academic register fluently. For example,
one might write the following sentence, which sounds academic to the mental ear, but in which
almost everything is done poorly:
during the preparatory process of elucidating the critical and fundamental elements of
this theory for analysis, it would be observed that certain subjective elements of the
theory would be excessively situational to the point of being non-applicable outside of
the theorists’ particular circumstances. (Goodwin, 2012a)
Exception to “et al.” rule for 3 or more authors:
Include as many authors as needed to distinguish
between sources with the same first author(s).
Level 2
heading
(a sub-
section)
Level 3 heading (a
sub-section of the
Level 2 sub-section)
Level 4
heading
(see
p. 2)
If a quotation
is 40 words
or more, use
a block quote
format: new
line, indent ½
inch, double
space, no
quotation
marks.
Short
papers
usually
only
need
Level 1
and 2
headings
For block quotes,
period comes
before citation.
5
We observe that such a sentence serves little use beyond parody. The same sentiment can be
expressed in appropriate academic register in the following fashion: this theory is based on
subjective components and thus is not widely applicable (Goodwin, 2012b).
Language Concerns as Issues of Unstated Academic Expectation. Writers for whom the
distinction between the two earlier examples is unintuitive should not be dismayed. Graham
and Harris (1997) have shown that an academic style of writing is slowly learned, and is not
often intuitive. Often, the rules of academic English, and American academic English in
particular, are presented as assumptions rather than with explicit guidance (Graham & Harris,
1997). A student may look at their peers and see no one else asking questions about unclear
elements of an assignment, or unclear expectations, and try to muddle through on their own
rather than raising the issue. However, most academic expectations need to be explicitly taught
at some point, so students should not feel bad asking for clarification. Often, if one writer has a
question about the expectations, many others do also (S. Harter, personal communication,
September 30, 2018).
In-Text Citations and References
The American Psychological Association (APA) encourages authors to cite any works
that have impacted their own (APA, 2019). In general, the style guide recommends
paraphrasing sources rather than using too many direct quotes, “because paraphrasing
allows you to fit material to the context of your paper and writing style” (APA, 2019, p. 270).
A direct quote is best employed when the original author has stated a point particular
memorably, concisely, or effectively, or when the original author is providing a technical
Personal communication formatting example. Cite
in text but not on References page. (see p. 7)
Cite the
specific page
number of
direct
quotes.
Narrative
citation style
Parenthetical
citation style
2 Styles of In-
text Citations:
Narrative &
Parenthetical:
Level 4
heading
Level 1
heading
Para-
phrase
About page numbers:
Use for direct quotes
Use for paraphrases of information on a specific page
o Otherwise, optional for paraphrases
No
page #
(see
box
below)
6
definition or explanation of a term. Under other circumstances, a paraphrase is usually more
efficient than a direct quotation. Both paraphrased ideas as well as quotations need to be cited,
though; only common knowledge does not require a citation. A good general rule of thumb
might be: “when in doubt, cite it, and if you don’t have a citation, double-check” (S. Chase,
personal communication, August 12, 2017).
Writers using APA style should be careful to format their citations appropriately. Most
in-text citations follow the format of author and year in parentheses, providing page numbers
(or paragraph numbers) for every direct quotation. For paraphrases/summaries in your own
words, include a page number when information is from a specific page of a source; otherwise
a page number is optional, but may be helpful. The formatting of references in the references
list, however, is more complicated, and writers should check their work to ensure that they
have used the appropriate format for each citation, depending on the type of source.
Figures and Tables
As shown in Table 1, the seventh edition of APA has made some changes to the
formatting of figures and tables. For example, figures now use the same title format as tables
(see Figure 1).
Final Recommendations
APA style is an effective way of formatting and presenting complex material. APA can be
time-consuming to learn; visit us in the AUSB Writing Center for help with any of your APA
questions.
Personal communication formatting example. Cite
in text but not on References page. (see p. 7)
Use table and figure numbers to refer the reader to tables
and figures. Do not write “see the table above/below”.
7
References
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (7th ed.).
Goodwin, J. (2012a). Made up examples of bad academic writing. Academic Writing, 343(1),
1006–1010. http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345
Goodwin, J. (2012b). Good reading is hard writing: Another made-up journal article about
academic writing. Reading & Writing, 25(3), 143–152.
http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789
Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1997). It can be taught, but it does not develop naturally: Myths and
realities in writing instruction. School Psychology Review, 26(6), 414–424.
Paiz, J. M., Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, G., Franks, M., Paul, R.,
Keech, E., Ruiz, G., Allison, A., Caterelli, B., Zhou, M., Soong, R., Nguyen, Y., Bedo, O.,
Sanders, B., Howard, C., Denny, H., … Keck, R. (2013). Online writing: The challenges of
learning APA. Journal of Psychotherapy. http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810
Xyers, K., Young, G., Zucherman, F., and Anne, A. (2019). Example with multiple authors. In G. Y.
Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Big Book of Examples (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). CRC Press.
Xyers, K., Young, G., Zucherman, F., and Roberts, B. (2019, June 1). Example citation for multiple
authors. BBC News. http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html
New in APA 7:
No place of publication for books Leave hyperlinks
Do not use “retrieved from” or a retrieval date unless the website content updates often by
design (e.g., social media)
Level 1 heading
When publisher & author are the same, omit that info.
Include DOI as
hyperlinked URL
Capitalize only
the first word
of a journal
article and
subtitle.
Include
up to 20
authors
References should be in
alphabetical order and
double spaced.
Exception: Do not include personal
communication on your References
page, e.g., emails or interviews, since
they are not recoverable. Instead,
cite them in-text. (See p. 6.)
The References provides the information necessary for a reader to
locate and retrieve any source you cite.
Every source you cite must appear on your References page.
References page only includes sources cited in the body of your paper.
Same author,
same year:
use a & b
Use a
hanging
indent
[http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345](http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345)
[http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789](http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789)
[http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810www.huffingtonpost.com/fake-url](http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810www.huffingtonpost.com/fake-url)
[http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html](http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html)
8
Table 1
An Example of an APA Style Table
Table or Figure Change from 6th Edition
Table Mostly the same for simple tables, but avoid unnecessary
borders or shading in a table
Figure Now uses same title format as tables
Note. A table note may optionally be included under the table to clarify the contents of the
table for the readers of the manuscript.
Figure 1
Writing in APA Style
Note. A figure note may optionally be included under the figure to clarify the contents of the
figure for the readers of the manuscript.
Limited shading and borders now
preferred. (Do not use vertical
borders to separate data.)
Figure titles now parallel to table titles
(above the figure)
Figures and
tables are
left-aligned
Place each table on a separate page,
followed by each figure on a
separate page
**## NUR6400SignatureAssignment.docx**
**SCHOOL OF NURSING GRADUATE STUDIES**
**MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING – FNP**
**NUR6400 Role Development in Family Practice: Clinical Integration**
**Signature Assignment**
Understanding the role technology plays in advanced primary care to vulnerable populations is vital to ensure proper and timely diagnosis and treatment to improve healthcare outcomes for the patient. The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate one global burden of disease OR risk factor in the family population (pediatric, adult, or geriatric) and explore one current evidence-based technology use that can offer improvement of outcomes and access to the population chosen.
This assignment will focus on the following course student learning outcomes (CSLO):
1. Generate knowledge from clinical practice to improve practice and patient outcomes (EOPSLO# 4, 9).
2. Leads practice inquiry, individually or in partnership with others (EOPSLO# 2, 3, 4, 7).
3. Translates research and other forms of knowledge to improve practice processes and outcomes (EOPSLO# 9).
4. Evaluate the relationships among access, cost, quality, and safety and their influence on healthcare (EOPSLO# 3, 6, 9).
5. Collaborates in planning for transitions across the continuum of care (EOPSLO# 2, 7).
6. Integrates ethical principles in decision-making (EOPSLO# 6, 9).
7. Integrates appropriate technologies for knowledge management to improve healthcare (EOPSLO# 5).
8. Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan of care for the family, as well as the individual, and implement changes (EOPSLO# 8).
Instructions: Please choose one global burden of disease and one population (adult, pediatric, or geriatric). Once the population is chosen, find one evidence-based technology to help support the improvement of outcomes in the global burden of disease chosen.
**You are to write a three-to-five-page paper in APA format 7th edition with the following sections and level 2 headings:**
**Introduction:**
Brief overview of the health of the population chosen
-Introduce the global burden of disease OR risk factor chosen
-Importance of improving the condition and its impact on quality of life
**Body of the Paper**
**Global Burden of Disease Condition/Risk Factor**
-Describe the disease OR risk factor chosen
-What signs/symptoms are identified in the patient that can be found?
-How is it diagnosed and treated?
**Technology and Healthcare**
-Describe the paradigm shift in healthcare related to technology
-Elaborate how technology can improve health outcomes in your population
**Chosen Evidence-Based Technology Use in Disease or Risk Factor**
-Describe and summarize the evidence-based technology identified that has been shown to improve the condition or Risk Factor for your patient population chosen.
-Compare and contrast the positives and negatives of using this technology use chosen.
**Conclusion**
-Recap points discussed in the paper
-Importance of advancements in technology
Optional Resources:
https://www.thelancet.com/gbd/summaries
https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/library/what-global-burden-disease-gbd
## image1.jpeg
**## APA-7-Writing-in-APA-7th-Ed-Example-Paper1.pdf**
1
Writing in APA Style 7th Edition Example Paper
Student Name
Antioch University Santa Barbara
Course Name
Instructor Name
January 8, 2020
Title in bold, Capitalize All
of the Major Words; no
word limit.
Student Name, Institution,
Course Name & Number,
Instructor, and Due Date,
all on separate lines
Change from APA 6: No Running head
Every page has a page number in the header
Student Paper Example
Based on the Seventh Ed. of the
Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association
Use same font size
for everything in the
entire document
APA 7 no longer requires
12-pt. Times New Roman.
Permitted fonts:
12-pt. Times New
Roman
11-pt. Georgia
11-pt. Calibri
11-pt. Arial
10-pt. Lucida Sans
Unicode
One blank double-spaced
line under title.
Entire document should be
double-spaced.
2
Abstract
This paper describes some basic parts of writing in APA style 7th Edition. These components
include seven major areas: the title page, abstract, formatting concerns for student writing, use
of language, in-text citations, the references page, and titles and figures. This paper also
provides examples of specific changes that are required by APA style 7th Edition.
Keywords: APA style, citations, frustration
Level 1 heading
(see box below)
An abstract is a brief
comprehensive summary of the
contents of the paper, typically
no more than 250 words.
Abstracts are not usually
required for student papers.
Check with your instructor to
see if an abstract and/or
keywords are required for your
paper.
If you’re not required to
include an abstract, begin the
main text on this page.
Keywords are words, phrases,
or acronyms that describe the
most important aspects of your
paper. They are used for
indexing in databases and help
readers find your work during a
search.
If required for your paper,
provide 3–5 keywords.
Keywords can be listed in any
order.
Indent ½ inch.
No period
Page number
1 inch margin
Headings: Use headings in your paper to distinguish between
main sections and sub-sections.
Format for the Five Levels of Headings in APA Style
Level Format
1 Centered, Bold, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
2 Left Align, Bold, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
3 Left Align, Bold Italic, Capitalize Major Words
Text begins as a new indented paragraph.
4 Indented, Bold, Capitalize Major Words. After a
period, text begins on the same line and continues.
5 Indented, Bold Italic, Capitalize Major Words. After
a period, text begins on the same line and continues.
Main sections (divisions)
of the body of your
paper
Sub-sections
3
Writing in APA Style 7th Edition Example Paper
Writing in the style of the American Psychological Association (APA) is a regular practice
for students of higher degree programs in psychology and many programs in science. The new
edition of the manual has made several changes, such as endorsing the use of the singular they,
as exemplified in the next sentence. Each student writer who applies the new APA student
writing standards may encounter different challenges, however, they may use the resources
provided by the AUSB Writing Center for support in learning the relevant new rules.
According to the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (2019), the style’s broad applicability “helps authors present their
ideas in a clear, concise, and organized manner” that “uniformity and consistency enables
readers to (a) focus on the ideas being presented rather than formatting and (b) scan works
quickly for key points” (p. xvii). Since this paper is mostly written in the seventh edition of APA
style, attentive readers will note that it has many examples of changes from the sixth edition.
Most of the rules demonstrated here are those a student will need to have some acquaintance
with in order to write easily according to the student writing guidelines, which are distinct from
APA’s new journal article reporting standards (Paiz et al., 2013).
The Structure of a Paper in APA Style
The APA style guidelines are designed for primary research papers that usually contain
the following sections: (a) introduction, (b) method, (c) results, (d) discussion, and (e)
references. However, the actual headings may vary depending on the type of paper one is
writing (American Psychological Association, 2019). For example, papers that do not describe
primary research or original experimental data may omit the method, results, and discussion
Level 1 heading
(see p. 2)
Use singular
“they”
New in APA 7:
Use “et al.” for three
or more authors
Title is bolded and
centered, Capitalize
All of the Major Words
Level 1 heading
(a main section)
One
space
after a
period
1 inch
margins on
all sides
Repeat title from Title page
4
sections (Xyers, Young, Zucherman, & Anne, 2019, p. 291). Some sections may be broken into
subsections, in which case the authors must use the appropriate headings and subheadings
(Xyers, Young, Zucherman, & Roberts, 2019, para. 4).
Organizing the Main Body
Most APA style papers written by students are not experimental; the organization of
headings and subheadings within the main body of the paper is therefore particularly
important. In certain cases, the author might use additional major sections, such as a literature
review, to introduce their own material.
Organizing the Main Body When There are Additional Content Concerns
In some common graduate assignments, students are instructed to compare therapeutic
models, provide possible interventions given specific presenting problems, or engage in case
study analyses. These papers may have particular sections (such as presenting problem, or
socio-cultural considerations of a given model).
Language Concerns in the Body of the Paper. Sometimes, writers who are just
becoming comfortable with APA style, or with academic writing in general, will mimic academic
language in ways subtly less clear than writers who use academic register fluently. For example,
one might write the following sentence, which sounds academic to the mental ear, but in which
almost everything is done poorly:
during the preparatory process of elucidating the critical and fundamental elements of
this theory for analysis, it would be observed that certain subjective elements of the
theory would be excessively situational to the point of being non-applicable outside of
the theorists’ particular circumstances. (Goodwin, 2012a)
Exception to “et al.” rule for 3 or more authors:
Include as many authors as needed to distinguish
between sources with the same first author(s).
Level 2
heading
(a sub-
section)
Level 3 heading (a
sub-section of the
Level 2 sub-section)
Level 4
heading
(see
p. 2)
If a quotation
is 40 words
or more, use
a block quote
format: new
line, indent ½
inch, double
space, no
quotation
marks.
Short
papers
usually
only
need
Level 1
and 2
headings
For block quotes,
period comes
before citation.
5
We observe that such a sentence serves little use beyond parody. The same sentiment can be
expressed in appropriate academic register in the following fashion: this theory is based on
subjective components and thus is not widely applicable (Goodwin, 2012b).
Language Concerns as Issues of Unstated Academic Expectation. Writers for whom the
distinction between the two earlier examples is unintuitive should not be dismayed. Graham
and Harris (1997) have shown that an academic style of writing is slowly learned, and is not
often intuitive. Often, the rules of academic English, and American academic English in
particular, are presented as assumptions rather than with explicit guidance (Graham & Harris,
1997). A student may look at their peers and see no one else asking questions about unclear
elements of an assignment, or unclear expectations, and try to muddle through on their own
rather than raising the issue. However, most academic expectations need to be explicitly taught
at some point, so students should not feel bad asking for clarification. Often, if one writer has a
question about the expectations, many others do also (S. Harter, personal communication,
September 30, 2018).
In-Text Citations and References
The American Psychological Association (APA) encourages authors to cite any works
that have impacted their own (APA, 2019). In general, the style guide recommends
paraphrasing sources rather than using too many direct quotes, “because paraphrasing
allows you to fit material to the context of your paper and writing style” (APA, 2019, p. 270).
A direct quote is best employed when the original author has stated a point particular
memorably, concisely, or effectively, or when the original author is providing a technical
Personal communication formatting example. Cite
in text but not on References page. (see p. 7)
Cite the
specific page
number of
direct
quotes.
Narrative
citation style
Parenthetical
citation style
2 Styles of In-
text Citations:
Narrative &
Parenthetical:
Level 4
heading
Level 1
heading
Para-
phrase
About page numbers:
Use for direct quotes
Use for paraphrases of information on a specific page
o Otherwise, optional for paraphrases
No
page #
(see
box
below)
6
definition or explanation of a term. Under other circumstances, a paraphrase is usually more
efficient than a direct quotation. Both paraphrased ideas as well as quotations need to be cited,
though; only common knowledge does not require a citation. A good general rule of thumb
might be: “when in doubt, cite it, and if you don’t have a citation, double-check” (S. Chase,
personal communication, August 12, 2017).
Writers using APA style should be careful to format their citations appropriately. Most
in-text citations follow the format of author and year in parentheses, providing page numbers
(or paragraph numbers) for every direct quotation. For paraphrases/summaries in your own
words, include a page number when information is from a specific page of a source; otherwise
a page number is optional, but may be helpful. The formatting of references in the references
list, however, is more complicated, and writers should check their work to ensure that they
have used the appropriate format for each citation, depending on the type of source.
Figures and Tables
As shown in Table 1, the seventh edition of APA has made some changes to the
formatting of figures and tables. For example, figures now use the same title format as tables
(see Figure 1).
Final Recommendations
APA style is an effective way of formatting and presenting complex material. APA can be
time-consuming to learn; visit us in the AUSB Writing Center for help with any of your APA
questions.
Personal communication formatting example. Cite
in text but not on References page. (see p. 7)
Use table and figure numbers to refer the reader to tables
and figures. Do not write “see the table above/below”.
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References
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (7th ed.).
Goodwin, J. (2012a). Made up examples of bad academic writing. Academic Writing, 343(1),
1006–1010. http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345
Goodwin, J. (2012b). Good reading is hard writing: Another made-up journal article about
academic writing. Reading & Writing, 25(3), 143–152.
http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789
Graham, S., & Harris, K. R. (1997). It can be taught, but it does not develop naturally: Myths and
realities in writing instruction. School Psychology Review, 26(6), 414–424.
Paiz, J. M., Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, G., Franks, M., Paul, R.,
Keech, E., Ruiz, G., Allison, A., Caterelli, B., Zhou, M., Soong, R., Nguyen, Y., Bedo, O.,
Sanders, B., Howard, C., Denny, H., … Keck, R. (2013). Online writing: The challenges of
learning APA. Journal of Psychotherapy. http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810
Xyers, K., Young, G., Zucherman, F., and Anne, A. (2019). Example with multiple authors. In G. Y.
Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Big Book of Examples (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). CRC Press.
Xyers, K., Young, G., Zucherman, F., and Roberts, B. (2019, June 1). Example citation for multiple
authors. BBC News. http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html
New in APA 7:
No place of publication for books Leave hyperlinks
Do not use “retrieved from” or a retrieval date unless the website content updates often by
design (e.g., social media)
Level 1 heading
When publisher & author are the same, omit that info.
Include DOI as
hyperlinked URL
Capitalize only
the first word
of a journal
article and
subtitle.
Include
up to 20
authors
References should be in
alphabetical order and
double spaced.
Exception: Do not include personal
communication on your References
page, e.g., emails or interviews, since
they are not recoverable. Instead,
cite them in-text. (See p. 6.)
The References provides the information necessary for a reader to
locate and retrieve any source you cite.
Every source you cite must appear on your References page.
References page only includes sources cited in the body of your paper.
Same author,
same year:
use a & b
Use a
hanging
indent
[http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345](http://doi.org/11.1136/acadbad.12345)
[http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789](http://doi.org/10.1234/readwrite.123456789)
[http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810www.huffingtonpost.com/fake-url](http://doi.org/10.4567/apa-style.67810www.huffingtonpost.com/fake-url)
[http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html](http://www.bbcnews.com/example-for-multiple-authors.html)
8
Table 1
An Example of an APA Style Table
Table or Figure Change from 6th Edition
Table Mostly the same for simple tables, but avoid unnecessary
borders or shading in a table
Figure Now uses same title format as tables
Note. A table note may optionally be included under the table to clarify the contents of the
table for the readers of the manuscript.
Figure 1
Writing in APA Style
Note. A figure note may optionally be included under the figure to clarify the contents of the
figure for the readers of the manuscript.
Limited shading and borders now
preferred. (Do not use vertical
borders to separate data.)
Figure titles now parallel to table titles
(above the figure)
Figures and
tables are
left-aligned
Place each table on a separate page,
followed by each figure on a
separate page
– 1
– 2