Category: Nursing

In what way does managed care actually manage cost?

Does it do so without diminishing the quality of care? If so, how does it accomplish this?

APA Style, minimum of 200 words, times new Romans, font 12, No plagiarism

3 References, scholarly.

Identify health care policies that use cost shifting. Argue the benefits of cost shifting. How might the Affordable Care Act decrease cost shifting within hospitals?

APA Style, minimum of 200 words, times new Romans, font 12, No plagiarism  3 References, scholarly.

Choose 3 of the following health information management professional roles based on this week’s readings:

Health records specialist Health records clerk Health insurance specialist Vendor sales Health data analyst Office administrative assistant Other role approved by your instructor

Complete the Health Information Roles Worksheet for each role that you have chosen.

Health Information Roles

Choose
three of the following Health Information Management Professional roles based on the information contained in Ch. 2 of
Essentials of Health Information Management: Principles and Practices
(2nd ed.).

Health records specialist

Health records clerk

Health insurance specialist

Vendor sales

Health data analyst

Office secretary

Other role approved by your instructor

Complete
the following table for each profession that you have chosen. Each box must contain 25 to 50 words per box that addresses the following:

Describe how health records are used, as well as the duties performed in the role.

Explain the training and credentials needed for the role.

List any professional organization(s) available for membership associated with the positions.

List the work environments in which such workers can readily be found.

Movie Character Health Assessment Presentation

In this assignment, you will be creating a PowerPoint presentation based on the application of the functional health assessment of a movie character. To complete this assignment, choose a movie from the following list and identify a character from the movie on whom you would like to do a health assessment. If you wish to use a character from a movie not included on the following list, get the approval of your instructor.

Films:

Away From Her, Lorenzo’s Oil, Mask, My Sister’s Keeper, Philadelphia, Rain Man, Steel Magnolias, Stepmom, The Elephant Man, The Mighty, The Tic Code (Choose one film from list)

Directions: Create a PowerPoint presentation of 10-12 slides using the template “Movie Character Presentation.” Provide an introduction and background overview of the movie character (client). Assess the client using the “Functional Health Pattern Assessment.” Based on your “observations” and thoughts, document your assessment, providing examples from the movie. Describe any observed or potential cultural, geographic, religious, ethnic, or spiritual considerations of this client. Describe two normal health patterns of the client as well as two abnormal health patterns that you observe, and provide examples. Develop an appropriate nursing diagnosis for the client based on your assessment. Identify and describe three interventions for the client: health promotion, health prevention, and maintenance. Identify at least two possible resources or community services to which you would refer this client and provide rationale for your choices. In addition to submitting the presentation to the instructor, post your assignment to the Movie Character Health Assessment Presentation Main Forum as directed by instructor. Respond to other students’ posts in a manner that initiates or contributes to discussion. Each person should make at least three substantive comments.

While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

In this assignment, you will be completing a health assessment on an older adult. To complete this assignment, do the following:

Perform a health history on an older adult. Students who do not work in an acute setting may “practice” these skills with a patient, community member, neighbor, friend, colleague, or loved one. (If an older individual is not available, you may choose a younger individual). Complete a physical examination of the client using the “Health History and Examination” assignment resource. Use the “Functional Health Pattern Assessment” resource as a guideline to assist you in completing the template. Document findings of complete physical examination in Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) format. Refer to the sample SBAR Template located on the National Nurse Leadership Council website at 
https://www.ihs.gov/nnlc/includes/themes/newihstheme/display_objects/documents/resources/SBARTEMPLATE.pdf
 as a guide. Document the findings of the physical examination in the assessment worksheet. Using the “Health History and Examination” assignment resource, provide the physical examination findings summary with planned interventions for the client. Include any community services in the interventions. APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

NRS-434VN-R-Functional-Health-Pattern-Assessment-Student.docx NRS-434VN-R-IndividualHealthHistoryandExaminationAssignment-Student.docx

Transforming Nursing And Healthcare Through Technology Essay Assignment

Discussions

1.
 
Electronic Health Records

Electronic health records (EHRs) are at the center stage of the effort to improve health care quality and control costs. In addition to allowing medical practitioners to access and record clinical documentation at much faster rates, EHRs are also positively influencing care delivery and nurse-patient interaction. Yet despite the potential benefits of EHRs, their implementation can be a formidable task that has broad-reaching implications for an entire health care organization.

In this Discussion, you appraise strategies for obtaining the benefits and overcoming the challenges of implementing and using electronic health records.

To prepare

Review the implementation of EHRs in an organization. Reflect on the various approaches used for Transforming Nursing And Healthcare Through Technology Essay Assignment.

If applicable, consider your own experiences with implementing EHRs. What were some positive aspects of the implementation? What suggestions would you make to improve the process?

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Reflect on the reactions of others during the implementation process. Were concerns handled effectively?

If you have not had any experiences with an EHR implementation, talk to someone who has and get his or her feedback on the experience.

Search and indicate examples of effective and poor implementation of EHRs.

RESOURCES

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 15, “The Electronic Health Record and Clinical Informatics”

This chapter describes the crucial parts of an electronic health record system and explores the benefits of implementing one.

Bates, D. W. (2010). Getting in step: Electronic health records and their role in care coordination. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25(3), 174–176.

The author of this editorial critically analyzes current applications of electronic health records (EHRs) and their impact on cost, quality, and safety of health care delivery. The author describes a study on the use of vendor-developed EHRs in clinical practice settings, the results of which pinpointed the benefits and drawbacks of EHRs.

Cresswell, K., & Sheikh, A. (2009). The NHS Care Record Service: Recommendations from the literature on successful implementation and adoption. Informatics in Primary Care, 17(3), 153–160.

This article defines the United Kingdom’s National Health Service’s Care Record Service (NHS CRS) as a standard electronic health record system. The article describes the challenges associated with implementing this new information technology and provides recommendations for overcoming those challenges.

Fickenscher, K., & Bakerman, M. (2011). Change management in health care IT. Physician Executive, 37(2), 64–67.

This article offers strategies for health care leaders to successfully implement change programs in their organizations, especially with regard to the new standards for electronic health records (EHRs). The article provides insights on change management, the reasons people resist change, and the ways to establish a culture that is more open to change initiatives.

Gruber, N., Darragh, J., Puccia, P. H., Kadric, D. S., & Bruce, S. (2010). Embracing change to improve performance. Long-Term Living: For the Continuing Care Professional, 59(1), 28–31.

This text describes the implementation of a new electronic health record system at a 105-bed hospital related-facility. The authors highlight five key elements that were deemed necessary for a successful EHR implementation.

Hyrkäs, K., & Harvey, K. (2010). Leading innovation and change. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(1), 1–3.

According to the authors, the health care field is in need of more effective leaders who understand innovation, who appreciate diversity and change, and who can foster and implement innovation and creativity. The authors describe how nurse leaders can be instrumental in embracing and disseminating innovation throughout the health care system and provide scaffolding for subsequent articles in this issue of the journal.

Mooney, B. L., & Boyle, A. M. (2011). 10 steps to successful EHR implementation. Medical Economics, 88(9), S4–6, S8–S11.

The authors of this article describe the incentives and requirements for electronic health records (EHRs) outlined in the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act. The authors then provide 10 steps for health care leaders and organizations to follow when implementing EHRs.

Murphy, J. (2011). Leading from the future: Leadership makes a difference during electronic health record implementation. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 28(1), 25–30.

In this article, the author examines the causes behind the increasing complication of EHR implementations. In addition, the author explores the role of leadership in guiding successful EHR implementations.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012b). Electronic health records. Baltimore, MD: Author.

In this video, Katie Skelton, Richard Rodriguez, Carina Perez, Shannon Mori, and Carmen Ferrell describe how their hospital implemented an electronic health record. They also outline the general considerations, benefits, and support measures related to electronic health records.

2.
 
Successful Implementation of Electronic Health Information Technology

Since the inception of the HITECH Act, health organizations have faced increased pressure to update their health information technology (HIT) resources. As discussed last week, many believe that the increased use of electronic health records and the quick and efficient communication afforded by HIT can lead to improved quality of patient care. Yet there are significant costs associated with implementing such systems. What can organizations do to ensure that the correct system is selected and that the system will be appropriate for those required to use it? Who should be involved in those decisions?

This week introduces the systems development life cycle and discusses how it can guide an organization through the complexities of adopting a new HIT system.

In this Discussion, you are asked to consider the role of nurses in the SDLC process.

To prepare:

Review the steps of the systems development life cycle.

Think about your own organization, or one with which you are familiar, and the steps the organization goes through when purchasing and implementing a new HIT system.

Consider what a nurse could contribute to decisions made at each stage when planning for new health information technology. What might be the consequences of not involving nurses?

Reflect on your own experiences with your organization selecting and implementing new technology. As an end user, do you feel you had any input in the selection or and planning of the new HIT system?

RESOURCES

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 10, “Systems Development Life Cycle: Nursing Informatics and Organizational Decision Making”

This chapter explains the systems development life cycle and explores various methods of applying it. The chapter also examines the importance of interoperability in implementing HITECH.

Chapter 11, “Administrative Information Systems”

This chapter provides an overview of agency-based health information systems. The text also details how administrators can use core business systems in their practice.

Boswell, R. A. (2011). A physician group’s movement toward electronic health records: A case study using the transtheoretical model for organizational change. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 63(2), 138–148.

The authors of this article present a case study on an EHR implementation in a multispecialty physician group. The case study attempts to determine actions that promote successful EHR implementation and the pros and cons of implementation.

Hsiao, J., Chang, H., & Chen, R. (2011). A study of factors affecting acceptance of hospital information systems: A nursing perspective. Journal of Nursing Research, 19(2), 150–160.

The focus of this article is to determine what factors are most important in predicting the acceptance of new health information technology. The results of the study indicated that self-efficacy, top management support, and the quality of information retrieved are the most important determinants of the willingness of nurses to adopt and use a new technology.

Kelley, T. F., Brandon, D. H., & Docherty, S. L. (2011). Electronic nursing documentation as a strategy to improve quality of patient care. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(2), 154–162.

This article summarizes a literature review of the relationship between electronic health records (EHRs) and quality of patient care. The article identifies deficiencies in existing research regarding the daily interactions of nurses, patients, and electronic documentation, and it provides a comparison between electronic and paper-based documentation and its effect on quality of care.

Nurse leaders discuss the nurse’s role in driving technology decisions. (2010). Virginia Nurses Today, 18(1), 8–9.

This article summarizes a roundtable held with a number of nursing executives to discuss the role nurses should take in the selection and adoption of new technologies for health care. The executives concluded that the nurses’ goals should be to select technology that will further their ability to provide safe, quality care to their patients.

Page, D. (2011). Turning nurses into health IT superusers. Hospitals & Health Networks, 85(4), 27–28.

This article highlights the importance of involving nurses with all phases of the decision and implementation process surrounding new health information technology. The author stresses the importance of communication in the process as well as defining success.

Swab, J., & Ciotti, V. (2010). What to consider when purchasing an EHR system. hfm(Healthcare Financial Management), 64(5), 38–41.

In this article, recommendations are given for purchasing health information technology. These include selecting the appropriate vendor, carefully considering the cost of both new equipment and personnel, and involving clinicians in decisions.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012g). Systems development life cycle. Baltimore, MD: Author.

The systems development life cycle (SLDC) provides a framework for all of the steps necessary to implementing a new technology or process within an organization. This video explains the SDLC and how it is used in the health care field.

Optional Resources

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2005). A toolkit for redesign in health care. Retrieved from 
http://www.ahrq.gov/legacy/qual/toolkit/index.html

This website supplies strategies for reconfiguring and transforming a hospital’s care processes. The text breaks down the redesign process into a series of steps.

3.
 
Understanding Workflow Design

As you explored last week, the implementation of a new technology can dramatically affect the workflow of an organization. Newly implemented technologies can initially limit the productivity of users as they adjust to their new tools. Such implementations tend to be so significant that they often require workflows to be redesigned in order to achieve improvements in safety and patient outcomes. However, before workflows can be redesigned, they must first be analyzed. This analysis includes each step in completing a certain process. Some systems duplicate efforts or contain unnecessary steps that waste time and money and could even jeopardize patient health care. By reviewing and modifying the workflow, you enable greater productivity. This drive to implement new technologies has elevated the demand for nurses who can perform workflow analysis.

In this Transforming Nursing And Healthcare Through Technology Essay Assignment Discussion, you explore resources that have been designed to help guide you through the process of workflow assessment.

To prepare:

· Take a few minutes and peruse the information found in the article “Workflow Assessment for Health IT Toolkit”.

o As you check out the information located on the different tabs, identify key concepts that you could use to improve a workflow in your own organization and consider how you could use them.

o Go the Research tab and identify and read one article that is of interest to you and relates to your specialty area.

RESOURCES

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). 
Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge
 (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 14, “Nursing Informatics: Improving      Workflow and Meaningful Use”This chapter reviews the reasons for conducting workflow analysis and      design. The author explains specific workflow analysis and redesign      techniques.

Huser, V., Rasmussen, L. V., Oberg, R., & Starren, J. B. (2011). Implementation of workflow engine technology to deliver basic clinical decision support functionality. 
BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11
(1), 43–61.

In this article, the authors describe an implementation of workflow engine technology to support clinical decision making. The article describes some of the pitfalls of implementation, along with successful and future elements.

Koppel, R., & Kreda, D. A. (2010). Healthcare IT usability and suitability for clinical needs: Challenges of design, workflow, and contractual relations. 
Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 157
, 7–14.

This article points to many health information technology designs and workflow decisions that limit their value and usage. The authors also examine the structure of the conceptual relationships between HIT vendors and the clinical facilities that purchase HIT.

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.b). 
Workflow assessment for health IT toolkit
. Retrieved, June 18, 2012, from http://healthit.ahrq.gov/portal/server.pt/community/health_it_tools_and_resources/919/workflow_assessment_for_health_it_toolkit/27865

This article supplies a toolkit on the planning, design, implementation, and use of health information technology. The sections of the website provide a definition of workflow, examples of workflow tools, related anecdotes, and research.

Document: Sample Workflow of Answering a Telephone in an Office (Word document)

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012f). 
System design and workflow
. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This video provides an overview of how workflow modeling can be used in a health care setting to target areas for revising current practices and procedures. The video also shows how technology and informatics can be used to improve workflow efficiency and increase the quality of care.

4.
 
Using Health Information Technology as a Source of Evidence-Based Practice

Before the digital revolution, health information technology supplied very limited support for evidence-based practice. If nurses wanted to be informed about cutting-edge research, their best bet was to either subscribe to leading journals or make periodic trips to the library. With the establishment of research databases, however, nurses became empowered to learn about and facilitate interdisciplinary and translational research. Databases are just one example of how health information technology supports evidence-based practice.

To prepare:

· Read the following scenario from the text (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015, p. 445):

Twelve-hour shifts are problematic for patient and nurse safety, and yet hospitals continue to keep the 12-hour shift schedule. In 2004, the Institute of Medicine (Board on Health Care Services & Institute of Medicine, 2004) published a report that referred to studies as early as 1988 that discussed the negative effects of rotating shifts on intervention accuracy. Workers with 12-hour shifts realized more fatigue than workers on 8-hour shifts. In another study done in Turkey by Ilhan, Durukan, Aras, Turkcuoglu, and Aygun (2006), factors relating to increased risk for injury were age of 24 or less, less than 4 years of nursing experience, working in the surgical intensive care units, and working for more than 8 hours.

· Consider how the resources identified in the scenario above could influence an organization’s practice.

· Select an issue in your practice that is of concern to you. Using health information technology, locate at least three evidence-based practice resources that address your concern and that could possibly inform further action.

RESOURCES

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). 
Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge
 (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 23, “Research: Data      Collection, Processing, and Analytics”

The authors of this chapter relate nursing research to the foundation of knowledge model. The chapter assesses informatics tools for collecting data, storing information, and processing and analyzing data.

 

Chapter 25, “Translational      Research: Generating Evidence for Practice”

In this chapter, the authors differentiate evidence-based practice and translation research. They also describe models used to introduce research findings intro practice.

Hynes, D. M., Weddle, T., Smith, N., Whittier, E., Atkins, D., & Francis, J. (2010). Use of health information technology to advance evidence-based care: Lessons from the VA QUERI program. 
Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25
(Suppl. 1), S44–S49.

This article presents a study that evaluated the role of health information technology (HIT) in the Department of Veteran Affairs’ Quality Enhancement Research Initiative. The authors convey their findings on how HIT provided data and information to aid implementation research, and how implementation research helped further HIT development. Additionally, the text details methods of overcoming common HIT barriers to implementation research.

Jamal, A., McKenzie, K., & Clark, M. (2009). The impact of health information technology on the quality of medical and health care: A systematic review. 
Health Information Management Journal, 38
(3), 26–37.

This text details a study that reviews the published evidence concerning the impact of health information technology (HIT) on the quality of health care. The study investigated the use of HIT in medical care and allied health and preventive services. The authors primarily focus on the impact of electronic health records, computerized provider order-entry, and decision support systems.

Umscheid, C. A., Williams, K., & Brennan, P. (2010). Hospital-based comparative effectiveness centers: Translating research into practice to improve the quality, safety and value of patient care. 
JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25
(12), 1,352–1,355.

This article revolves around the usage of the hospital-based comparative effectiveness (CE) center model. The authors highlight the model’s benefits and the increasing usage of CE evidence. The article also reviews solutions to overcoming many of the challenges to operating hospital-based CE centers.

Optional Resources

Chlan, L., Tracy, M. F., & Grossbach, I. (2011). Pulmonary care. Achieving quality patient-ventilator management: Advancing evidence-based nursing care. 
Critical Care Nurse, 31
(6), 46–50.

5.
 
HITECH Legislation

In order for organizations to receive the incentives offered through the HITECH legislation, they must be able to demonstrate that they are using the technology in meaningful ways. The following criteria for meaningful use must be evident to qualify for EHR incentives (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2012). The technology must:

· Improve quality, safety, and efficiency, and reduce health disparities

· Engage patients and families

· Improve care coordination

· Improve population and public health

· Ensure adequate privacy and security protections for personal health information

For this Discussion, you consider the impact of the meaningful use criteria of the HITECH legislation on the adoption of health information technology.

To prepare:

· Review the Learning Resources on the HITECH legislation and its primary goals.

· Reflect on the positive and negative impact this legislation has had on your organization or one with which you are familiar.

· Consider the incentives to encourage the use of EHRs. Focus on the definition of meaningful use and how it is measured.

· Reflect on how the incentives and meaningful use impact the quality of patient care.

· Find an article dealing with one of the criteria to qualify for meaningful use and how it has been successfully met.

RESOURCES

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). 
Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge
 (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 9, “Legislative Aspects of Nursing      Informatics: HITECH and HIPAA”This chapter explores two pieces of legislation that dramatically impact      nursing informatics: the Health Information Technology for Economic and      Clinical Health Act of 2009 and the Health Insurance Portability and      Accountability Act of 1996.

Arlotto, P. (2010). 7 strategies for improving HITECH readiness. 
hfm(Healthcare Financial Management)
, 
64
(11), 90–96.

This article reviews seven strategies to help prepare for the implementation of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH). The central point of the article focuses on demonstrating meaningful use of electronic health records.

Begum, R., Smith Ryan, M., Winther, C. H., Wang, J. J., Bardach, N. S., Parsons, A. H., & … Adams Dudley, R. (2013). Small Practices’ Experience With EHR, Quality Measurement, and Incentives. 
American Journal Of Managed Care, 19e
SP12–8.

This article presents a study of clinician’s attitudes toward the use of financial incentives for the implementation of electronic health records in small practices.

Brown, B. (2010). The final rules for meaningful use of EHRs. 
Journal of Health Care Compliance, 12
(5), 49–50.

In this article, the author poses four questions pertaining to the EHR system in the United States. In particular, the article examines Medicare and Medicaid incentive payments and the ways the meaningful use of certified EHRs will be verified.

Classen, D. C., & Bates, D. W. (2011). Finding the meaning in meaningful use. 
New England Journal of Medicine, 365
(9), 855–858.

This article details the challenges of meeting the meaningful use standards in order to receive the benefits legislated under the HITECH Act. The authors specify the requisites for achieving benefits with EHRs, the relationship between meaningful use and commercial EHRs, and the tools needed to evaluate EHRs after implementation.

Kempfert, A. E., & Reed, B. D. (2011). Health care reform in the United States: HITECH Act and HIPAA privacy, security, and enforcement Issues. 
FDCC Quarterly, 61
(3), 240–273.

The authors of this article examine HITECH, in addition to the impact of the privacy rules under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The article details the potential negative repercussions of failing to comply with HIPAA and HITECH.

Murphy, J. (2010b). Nursing informatics. The journey to meaningful use of electronic health records. 
Nursing Economic$, 28
(4), 283–286.

This article reviews HITECH and the background leading up to its passage. The author also details the financial incentives intended to assist health care providers in purchasing and implementing HIT and EHR systems.

Optional Resources

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2011). 
Health IT home
. Retrieved from http://www.healthit.gov/ 

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2012). 
Regulations and guidance
. Retrieved from http://www.healthit.gov/policy-researchers-implementers/health-it-rules-regulations

Current statistics show that at present, there are 1,048 Associate Degree Nursing (ADN) colleges and 696 Baccalaureate Degree Nursing (BSN) institutions in the United States (Cherry & Jacob, 2017). Recent studies show that a correlation exists between patient safety outcomes and whether a nurse has an ADN or BSN. Linda Aiken, PhD, RN, who is associated with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWFJ), believes that hospitals who employ more BSN-prepared nurses have better patient outcomes and lower mortality rates (RWJF, 2014).

In 2003, Aikens reported on studies done in Pennsylvania hospitals showing a 5% decrease in patient deaths at hospitals that staffed a 10% increase in BSN-prepared nurses (RWJF, 2014). Challengers of Aikens note that these studies raise further questions (Sentinel Watch, 2014). For example, what were the actual causes of death of these patients, and were they related to the action of an ADN nurse? Could there be other factors or causal relationships that affected patient care in these circumstances?

In defense of Aikens, the Sentinel (2014) states that no one is calling ADN nurses “bad nurses”. In fact, errors, infections, and adverse events are often due to process and system problems. Aikens maintains that by promoting evidence-based practice and leadership, the BSN curriculum will better prepare nurses to correct problems and implement solutions.

I agree that it is advantageous for nurses to expand their knowledge by obtaining a BSN degree, but I do not feel that deaths and adverse outcomes are the result if ADNs care, or lack of. Many other factors need to be considered. For example, poor staffing, long shifts, poor communication, fatigue, documentation errors, etc. affect everyone no matter what type of degree they hold. I have been at the hospital where I am currently employed for almost 20 years and have seen no evidence that the care given by ADNs is substandard to the care given by BSN-prepared nurses.

References

Cherry, B. & Jacob, S. (2017).
Contemporary nursing, issues, trends, & management.
St. Louis: Elsevier

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2014).  Building the case for more highly

educated nurses. Retrieved from
http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/articles

The Sentinel Watch. (2014). How does your nursing degree affect patient

mortality rates? Retrieved from
http://www.american
sentinel.edu

The Essentials of Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

1.
Quantitative Research Designs

In order to find the best information on a topic for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers, not only should you develop a question and search for resources, but you should also know how to analyze the value of the resources that you identify. There are different ways to evaluate resources, such as using the hierarchy of evidence, which you explored in Week 4 of this course. Another way to evaluate resources is to consider the appropriateness of the research design. Understanding how research designs contribute to the quality of a study is essential for being able to analyze resources when conducting a literature review or locating evidence for practice.

In this Discussion on Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers, you consider the different research designs and evaluate how these designs have been used to research a specific topic. You also consider strategies for selecting an appropriate research design. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

To prepare:

· Review the information in the course text on quantitative research designs. Focus on the information on, “Guidelines for Critiquing Research Designs in Quantitative Studies”.

· Select a topic from the list below and search the Walden Library to find two different quantitative research studies addressing that issue:

o Caregiver stress

o Anxiety in children

o Sleep apnea

o Depression in college freshmen

o Rural health care issues

o Post-traumatic stress syndrome

o Traumatic brain injury in veterans

o Health effects of environmental contaminants

o Bipolar disorder

o End-of-life ethical issues

o Alternative medicine

· For each of the sources that you select, identify the type of quantitative research design used, and evaluate whether it is the most appropriate approach to the research.

· Consider the ramifications of choosing an inappropriate design for a research study.

RESOURCES

Required Readings

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 8, “Planning a Nursing Study”

This chapter focuses on the necessary steps for planning a research study. It describes different research designs and their key features and discusses how to plan for data collection.

Chapter 9, “Quantitative Research Design”

This chapter explores quantitative research in greater depth including the importance of experimental design and the role of randomization in conducting research. The chapter also describes quasi-experimental design and observational research.

Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012m). Quantitative research for evidence-based practice. Baltimore, MD: Author.

In this video, Dr. Kristen Mauk explains specific quantitative research designs, methods, and considerations related to her Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) project. She discusses how she developed her research design and how she used sound quantitative research methods throughout her project. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

2.
Validity in Quantitative Research Designs

Validity in research refers to the extent researchers can be confident that the cause and effect they identify in their research are in fact causal relationships. If there is low validity in a study, it usually means that the research design is flawed and the results will be of little or no value. Four different aspects of validity should be considered when reviewing a research design: statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. In this Discussion, you consider the importance of each of these aspects in judging the validity of quantitative research. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

To prepare:

· Review the information in Chapter 10 of the course text on rigor and validity on Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

· Read the method section of one of the following quasi-experimental studies and Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers. Identify at least one potential concern that could be raised about the study’s internal validity.

o Metheny, N. A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B. J. (2010). Effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. 
Nursing Research, 59
(1), 18–25.

o Padula, C. A., Hughes, C., & Baumhover, L. (2009). Impact of a nurse-driven mobility protocol on functional decline in hospitalized older adults. 
Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24
(4), 325–331.

o Yuan, S., Chou, M., Hwu, L., Chang, Y., Hsu, W., & Kuo, H. (2009). An intervention program to promote health-related physical fitness in nurses.
Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18
(10), 1,404–1,411.

· Consider strategies that could be used to strengthen the study’s internal validity and how this would impact the three other types of validity. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

· Think about the consequences of an advanced practice nurse neglecting to consider the validity of a research study when reviewing the research for potential use in developing an evidence-based practice.

RESOURCES

Required Readings

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). 
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
 (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 10, “Rigor and      Validity in Quantitative Research”

This chapter introduces the concept of validity in research and describes the different types of validity that must be addressed. Key threats to validity are also explored.

 

Chapter 11, “Specific Types of Quantitative Research”

This chapter focuses on the specific types of quantitative research that can be selected. The focus is on the purpose of the research rather than the research design. These include such approaches as clinical trials, evaluation research, health services and outcomes research, needs assessments, or replication studies. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

Cantrell, M. A. (2011). Demystifying the research process: Understanding a descriptive comparative research design. 
Pediatric Nursing, 37
(4), 188–189.

The author of this article discusses the primary aspects of a prominent quantitative research design. The article examines the advantages and disadvantages of the design.

Schultz, L. E., Rivers, K. O., & Ratusnik, D. L. (2008). The role of external validity in evidence-based practice for rehabilitation. 
Rehabilitation Psychology, 53
(3), 294–302.

This article details the results of a study that sought to balance concern for rigor with concern for relevance. The authors of the article derive and determine a rating format for relevance and apply it to cognitive rehabilitation.

Note:
 For the Discussion this week, you will need to read the method section of one of the following quasi-experimental studies. Refer to the details provided in the Week 6 Discussion area. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

Metheny, N. A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B. J. (2010). Effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. 
Nursing Research, 59
(1), 18–25.

Padula, C. A., Hughes, C., & Baumhover, L. (2009). Impact of a nurse-driven mobility protocol on functional decline in hospitalized older adults. 
Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24
(4), 325–331.

Yuan, S.-C., Chou, M.-C., Hwu, L.-J., Chang, Y.-O., Hsu, W.-H., & Kuo, H.-W. (2009). An intervention program to promote health-related physical fitness in nurses. 
Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18
(10), 1,404–1,411.

Walden University. (n.d.a.). Paper templates. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm

This resource provides you access to the 
School of Nursing Sample Paper
, which will serve as a template for formatting your papers.

Document: Critique Template for a Qualitative Study (Word document)

Note: You will use this document to complete this week’s Assignment.

Document: Critique Template for a Quantitative Study (Word document)

Note: You will use this document to complete this week’s Assignment.

Document: Critique Template for a Mixed-Methods Study (Word document)

Note: You will use this document to complete this week’s Assignment.

 

3.
 
Qualitative Research Designs

For the past 2 weeks, you have focused on the features and considerations of quantitative research designs. However, quantitative designs are not appropriate for all research questions. Perhaps you are concerned with how patients react when confronted with negative test results, or you wish to study how views on a certain health topic change over time. In each of these cases, the emphasis is more on understanding the thinking and experiences of an individual or group than on numerical measurements. For these types of questions, a qualitative or mixed methods research design is the most appropriate.

For this Discussion, you focus on the different types of qualitative research designs, when they are used, and why they are important.

To prepare for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers:

· Reflect on the comments made by Dr. Mauk in this week’s media presentation on the value of qualitative research in nursing. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

· Locate the journal Qualitative Health Research in the Sage Premier database in the Walden Library.

· From this journal, select an article of interest to you that was published within the last 3 years. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

· Review the information on different qualitative research designs in Chapter 21 of your course text.

· Determine what qualitative research design was used in your selected article and evaluate whether it was the best choice.

· Consider ethical issues involved in the study and how the researchers addressed them.

· Think about how using a quantitative design would have affected the type of data gathered.

RESOURCES

Required Readings for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). 
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
 (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 21, “Qualitative Research Design and      Approaches”

This chapter introduces qualitative research designs. It provides an      overview of the different types of qualitative research and then describes      each one in greater detail, outlining how and when they should be used.

Houghton, C. E., Casey, D., Shaw, D., & Murphy, K. (2010). Ethical challenges in qualitative research: Examples from practice. 
Nurse Researcher, 18
(1), 15–25.

This article explores ethical challenges associated with qualitative research. Specifically, the authors examine the challenges of informed consent procedures, the researcher-participant relationship, risk-benefit ratio, confidentiality, and the dual role of the nurse-researcher.

Pringle, J., Hendry, C., & McLafferty, E. (2011). Phenomenological approaches: Challenges and choices. 
Nurse Researcher, 18
(2), 7–18.

This article examines the dilemmas faced by a researcher looking for appropriate methods and approaches for investigating the experiences of stroke survivors. In addition, this article reviews the challenges of using phenomenology as a research method. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

Ryan-Nicholls, K. D., & Will, C. I. (2009). Rigour in qualitative research: Mechanisms for control. 
Nurse Researcher, 16
(3), 70–85.

The authors of this article provide recommendations for improving the control mechanisms of methodological rigor in qualitative research methods. The text establishes the basis of criticism on the rigor of qualitative work, ways of demonstrating methodological rigor, and the definition of rigor. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

Smith, J., Bekker, H., & Cheater, F. (2011). Theoretical versus pragmatic design in qualitative research. 
Nurse Researcher, 18
(2), 39–51.

This article assesses the benefits of using a generic qualitative approach to design studies for understanding user and caregiver perspectives. The authors assess these benefits in the context of a qualitative study that focused on parents’ experience of living with children with hydrocephalus.

Walker, W. (2011). Hermeneutic inquiry: Insights into the process of interviewing. 
Nurse Researcher, 18
(2), 19–27.

This article examines the process of interviewing from a research perspective. The authors supply personal and theoretical insights into using the research interview, along with a guide to the practicalities of interviewing.

Williamson, K. M. (2009). Evidence-based practice: Critical appraisal of qualitative evidence. 
Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 15
(3), 202–207.

This article highlights the importance of qualitative evidence to mental health clinicians. The author stresses that critically appraising evidence is crucial to the EBP process and provides guidelines for appraisal.

Wuest, J. (2011). Are we there yet? Positioning qualitative research differently. 
Qualitative Health Research, 21
(7), 875–883.

This article focuses on the shifting role of qualitative research in the past two decades. The author discusses the merits and detriments of concrete distinctions, the hurdles of flexibility and convergence, and the need to develop a complete research toolbox for improving health. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012l). 
Qualitative and mixed methods research designs
. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This video features Dr. Kristen Mauk’s overview of how she applied qualitative research designs and methods to her doctoral dissertation work. Dr. Mauk explains the advantages of qualitative research as well as strategies for increasing credibility when conducting qualitative or mixed methods research.

4.
 
Planning for Data Collection

Data collection is an important part of both quantitative and qualitative research. Although the actual approach to gathering information may vary, for either research design, researchers need to plan in advance how the data will be gathered, reported, and stored, and they need to ensure that their methods are both reliable and valid. As nurses’ review research when considering a new evidence-based practice, it is important to be familiar with sound collection practices in order to ascertain the credibility of the data presented.

Consider the following scenario:

Nurses and other health care professionals are often interested in assessing patient satisfaction with health care services. Imagine that you are a nurse working in a suburban primary care setting that serves 10,000 patients annually. Your organization is very interested in understanding the patient’s point of view to help determine areas of care that can be improved. With this focus in mind, consider how you would create a survey to assess patient satisfaction with the services your organization provides. You may wish to consider variables such as the ease of accessing care, patient wait time, friendliness of the staff, or the likelihood that a patient would recommend your organization to others. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

For this Discussion, you generate questions and an overall plan for data collection that would be appropriate for a patient satisfaction survey in relation to the above scenario.

To prepare:

· Consider the guidelines for generating questions presented in this week’s Learning Resources.

· Review the scenario and formulate at least five questions that you could use to evaluate patient satisfaction.

· Reflect on the different methods or instruments that can be used for gathering data described in Chapter 13 and Chapter 23 of the course text.

· Which methods or instruments would work well for the scenario? Determine an appropriate sample size for the scenario.

RESOURCES

Required Readings for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). 
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
 (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 12, “Sampling in Quantitative Research”

This chapter introduces key concepts concerning sampling in quantitative research. This includes such concepts as a description of populations, different types of sampling and their uses, and how to determine a manageable, yet sufficient number to be included in a sample. The chapter also includes suggestions for implementing a sampling plan. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

Chapter 13, “Data Collection in Quantitative Research” for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

Once a sampling design is complete, the next step is to collect the data, and this is the focus of Chapter 13. The chapter describes how to develop a data collection plan, and provides information about the different types of instruments that can be used, such as structured observation and biophysiologic measures.

Chapter 22, “Sampling in Qualitative Research” for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

The focus of this chapter is on the sampling process in qualitative research. The chapter describes the different types of sampling and when they are commonly used. Sampling techniques in the three main qualitative traditions (ethnography, phenomenological studies and grounded theory studies) are highlighted.

Chapter 23, “Data Collection in Qualitative Research”

This chapter examines the process of data collection in qualitative research as well as key issues surrounding data collection for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers. This includes such methods as self-reporting, surveys, interviews, and personal journal keeping. The chapter also highlights important considerations when utilizing unstructured observations to gather data and how to record field notes.

Keough, V. A., & Tanabe, P. (2011). Survey research: An effective design for conducting nursing research. 
Journal of Nursing Regulation, 1
(4), 37–44. Copyright 2011 by Elsevier Science & Technology Journals. Used with permission of Elsevier Science & Technology Journals via the Copyright Clearance Center. 

This text emphasizes the advantages of survey research. The authors describe the nuances of survey research projects, including their design, methods, analysis, and limitations.

Walden University. (n.d.a.). 
Paper templates
. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm

This resource provides you access to the 
School of Nursing Sample Paper
, which will serve as a template for formatting your papers.

Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012b). 
Data collection
. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note:
 The approximate length of this media piece is 4 minutes.

Dr. Kristen Mauk discusses how she collected data for her DNP project in this video. She describes the details of her pre- and post-tests used to track nurses’ knowledge in a rehabilitation unit.

Optional Resources

Krainovich-Miller, B., Haber, J., Yost, J., & Jacobs, S. (2009). Evidence-based practice challenge: teaching critical appraisal of systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines to graduate students. 
Journal of Nursing Education, 48
(4), 186–195. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

This text emphasizes the advantages of survey research. The authors describe the nuances of survey research projects, including their design, methods, analysis, and limitations.

Horsley, T., Hyde, C., Santesso, N., Parkes, J., Milne, R., & Stewart, R. (2011). Teaching critical appraisal skills in healthcare settings. 
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online), 11
, Art. No.: CD001270.

Melnyk, B., Fineout-Overholt, E., & Mays, M. (2009). The evidence-based practice beliefs and implementation scales: Psychometric properties of two new instruments. 
Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 6
(1), 49.

Fawcett, J., & Garity, J. (2009). 
Evaluating research for evidence-based nursing
. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. David Company.

Chapter 9, “Evaluation of Research Instruments      and Experimental Conditions”

 

5.Weighing the Evidence for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

When conducting original research, the final step researchers must complete is weighing the evidence and interpreting the meanings of their data, statistics, and analyses. This is the culmination of the research process in which all of the research methods and designs can be synthesized into a meaningful conclusion. In this stage, researchers should formulate explanations for what their data indicates, determine whether the data answers their initial research question, identify areas of uncertainty, and consider directions for further research.

In the Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers, you focus on one of the research articles that you identified for Part 2 of the Course Project (Literature Review). You then explore the process of how the researchers generated conclusions based on their data, consider other possible interpretations of their data, and formulate ideas for further research. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

To prepare:

· Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on how researchers find meaning in their data and generate sound conclusions. Pay particular attention to Table 2 in the article, “Study Design in Medical Research.”

· Revisit the 5 articles that you identified in Part 2 of the Course Project. Select one to consider for the purpose of this Discussion.

· Read sections of the chosen article where the data is presented, analyzed, and interpreted for meaning. What reasoning process did the researchers use to formulate their conclusions? What explanation did they give to support their conclusions? Were there any weaknesses in their analysis or conclusions?

· Consider possible alternate conclusions that the researchers could have drawn based on their data.

· Examine the findings that the article presents and consider how well they addressed the researcher’s initial question(s). What additional research could be done to build on these findings and gain a fuller understanding of the question?

RESOURCES

Required Readings for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Review Chapter 2, Fig. 2.1

Chapter 29, “Systematic Reviews of Research Evidence: Meta-analysis, Metasynthesis, and Mixed Studies Review”

This chapter focuses on the different types of systematic reviews. The chapter discusses the advantages of this type of analysis and the steps for conducting a meta-analysis or metasynthesis. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

Dingle, P. (2011). Statin statistics: Lies and deception. Positive Health, 180, 1.

In this article, the author outlines how misleading statistics are used to make false claims about the positive use of statin drugs in order to retain a market share of sales for pharmaceutical firms.

Katapodi, M. C., & Northouse, L. L. (2011). Comparative effectiveness research: Using systematic reviews and meta-analyses to synthesize empirical evidence. Research & Theory for Nursing Practice, 25(3), 191–209.

The authors of this article assert that more comparative effectiveness research (CER) is necessary to accommodate the elevated demand for evidence-based health care practices. The article supplies a summary of methodological issues relevant to systematic reviews and meta-analyses used in the process of CER.

Stichler, J. F. (2010). Evaluating the evidence in evidence-based design. Journal of Nursing Administration, 40(9), 348–351.

The quality of evidence used in EBP for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers can vary considerably. This article highlights the necessity of critically appraising facility design research articles and using a hierarchical model to rate the strength of evidence.

Bernd, R., du Prel, J.-B., & Blettner, M. (2009). Study design in medical research: Part 2 of a series on the evaluation of scientific publications. Deutsches Aerzteblatt International, 106(11), 184–189. Retrieved from 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695375/pdf/Dtsch_Arztebl_Int-106-0184.pdf

This article provides guidance in evaluating the study design of scientific publications for reliability and credibility for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers. The authors suggest that the most important elements to consider are the question to be answered, the study population, the unit of analysis, the type of study, the measuring technique, and the calculation of sample size.

Walden University. (n.d.a). Paper templates. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from 
http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm

This website provides you access to the School of Nursing Sample Paper, which will serve as a template for formatting your papers of Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012g). Hierarchy of evidence pyramid. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This multimedia piece explains the hierarchy of evidence pyramid. The piece offers definitions and key information for each level of the pyramid. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012n). Weighing the evidence. Baltimore, MD: Author.

In this video, Dr. Kristen Mauk provides insight about how she analyzed her data and interpreted meanings of what the data showed for Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers. She describes how she drew conclusions based on the results and how she explained unexpected findings that were contrary to her initial hypotheses.

As they explore the world around them, young children often want to know the “why” and “how” of the things they observe. This is similar to what researchers do when they approach a new problem. Researchers develop new theories or build on old ones to explain the “why” of the world around them. They use models and conceptual frameworks to help explain “how” the processes and events they observe occur. Together, theories and models provide an understanding of the world and allow researchers to explore it in meaningful ways.

Virtually all research questions can benefit from the use of an existing theory or model. Researchers should consider their research questions and select the most suitable theory or model, which then serves as a foundation for the research design. The selection of a theory or model is an important part of the research process.

In this Discussion, you focus on the role of theory and models in research and evidence-based practice.

To prepare:

Review the information in Chapter 6 of the course text. Focus on the various conceptual theories and models that are currently used in nursing research.

Select one of the theories or models described that is of interest to you.

Using the Walden Library, search for and identify a research article that uses the theory or model you selected.

Reflect on how the theory or model provides structure to the research study described in the article.

Now, think about an issue in your practice area that you would be interested in exploring through research.

Review this week’s media presentation and consider strategies for locating and identifying a relevant theory or model for a research study.

By Day 3

Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers Post a summary of the article that you located and explain how the theory or model that you selected was used in the research study. Assess the value of basing research on an established theory or model.

References

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 2, “Evidence-Based Nursing: Translating Research Evidence into Practice” (Review pages 14–31)

Chapter 6, “Theoretical Frameworks”

In this chapter, you are introduced to the concept of theories, models, and frameworks and how they serve as the foundation for research. The chapter examines key theories for both quantitative and qualitative research. Finally, critiquing frameworks in research reports is detailed.

Cantrell, M. A. (2011). Demystifying the research process: Understanding a descriptive comparative research design. Pediatric Nursing, 37(4), 188–189.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

This article discusses the primary aspects of a prominent quantitative research design as used in a specific research study. The author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the design, along with the rationale for choosing that design.

Finn, P. (2011). Critical thinking: Knowledge and skills for evidence-based practice. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 42(1), 69–72.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

 

This article responds to the assertion that “rational or critical thinking is an essential complement to evidence-based practice.” The author stipulates how critical thinking is relevant to EBP, what skills and thinking dispositions are important, and how thinking can go wrong.

Tagney, J., & Haines, C. (2009). Using evidence-based practice to address gaps in nursing knowledge. British Journal of Nursing (BJN), 18(8), 484–489.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

This article illuminates key barriers to undertaking and implementing nursing research. The authors suggest a framework for improving the implementation of evidence and research. Evidence Based Practice Nursing Essays and Research Papers

Give a good and positive Comment related with this argument…

Baccalaureate education in nursing and patient outcomes Essay

In a study published in the October 2014 issue of 
Medical Care
, researcher Olga Yakusheva from the University of Michigan and her colleagues found that a 10% increase in the proportion of baccalaureate-prepared nurses on hospital units was associated with lowering the odds of patient mortality by 10.9%. Titled “Economic Evaluation of the 80% Baccalaureate Nurse Workforce Recommendation,” the study authors also found that increasing the amount of care provided by BSNs to 80% would result in significantly lower readmission rates and shorter lengths of stay. These outcomes translate into cost savings that would more than off-set expenses for increasing the number of baccalaureate-prepared nurses in hospital settings (Yakusheva, 2014).

In the February 2013 issue of the 
Journal of Nursing Administration
, Mary Blegen and colleagues published findings from a cross-sectional study of 21 University Healthsystem Consortium hospitals which found that hospitals with a higher percentage of RNs with baccalaureate or higher degrees had lower congestive heart failure mortality, decubitus ulcers, failure to rescue, and postoperative deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and shorter length of stay (Blegan, 2013).

 

From my real life experience I cannot agree with these findings, but I’m sure the studies and numbers speak for themselves. I have never witnessed anything bad happening to a patient as a result of a RN having an ADN instead of BSN. When working together in the hospital, you really don’t know who has a BSN and who only has ADN. We share one common goal, which is taking care of our patients.

 

References:

Blegen, M.A., Goode, C.J., Park, S.H., Vaughn, T. & Spetz, J. (2013, February). Baccalaureate education in nursing and patient outcomes.
 Journal of Nursing Administration
, 43(2), 89-94.

Yakusheva, O., Lindrooth, R. & Weiss, M. (2014, October). Economic evaluation of the 80% baccalaureate nurse workforce recommendation: A patient-level analysis. 
Medical Care
, 52(10), 864-869

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act Essay

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of age for anyone over the age of 40. This kind of legislation, like other types of anti-discriminatory legislation, will not end all discrimination. However, such laws clearly state society’s values.

Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research about the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. Based on your research, create a 4- to 5-page paper in a Microsoft Word document that includes answers to the following questions:

Which demographic groups are protected by this Act?

Which types of discrimination are prohibited under the Act?

Is the Act still relevant for seniors today? If yes, how? If not, why not? Provide examples.

What amendments are required to the Act as more baby boomers age?

Has this Act affected any of the minority groups in US? If no, why not? If yes, how?

Support your responses with examples.

Cite any sources in APA format.