Category: Nursing

Organizations work to improve overall written and verbal communication to encourage a win-win situation for improved patient or customer care, increased team motivation, and supportive management. Effective communication encourages active listening among people and improved understanding of a situation embracing both similarities and differences in each employee. Let’s read the following scenario to emphasize the importance of effective communication in a workplace.

You are the keynote speaker to improve overall communication effectiveness in your organization. Your presentation consists of 12–15 Microsoft PowerPoint slides (not including the title and reference slide) along with speaker notes. You are addressing an audience comprising all department heads and management staff.

Your overall focus is on common communication problems, various methods of learning, issues with feedback, and improving overall attitude through communication.

Address the following areas including detailed speaker notes. The speaker notes area is the 
white space
 below the slide where you can type information similar to a Microsoft Word document. Your Microsoft PowerPoint presentation consists of professional color slides, with detailed speaker notes to include examples to support each slide.

Describe four forms of communication used in the work environment. Discuss the benefits and concerns with each communication method. For example, body language, written, oral, and e-mail.

Describe four methods of learning and listening. How does a person learn (auditory, visual, etc.) if he or she has a preferred method? How can the person adjust to learning in ways not in his or her preferred method?

What environmental and personal barriers hinder communication? Be specific and provide at least three examples.

What impact can diversity in the work environment have on effective and ineffective communication according to age, gender, cultural, or religious diversity?

What three errors do managers commit when providing ineffective feedback?

Describe three issues managers and team members face if they are not prepared to provide instant communication? What negative result can occur if one is not prepared?

Describe four methods to overcome communication barriers and provide detailed examples.

Provide three key elements with specific examples on how effective communication can reduce errors, improve professional relationships, and assist staff with clear communication.

Purnell’s model of cultural competency – Domains and Influences

Learning Outcomes

1. Apply Purnell’s model of cultural competency, including cultural domains as it pertains to various populations.

2. Summarize the religious beliefs, spiritual beliefs, and folk remedies or alternative therapies that influence health care for diverse cultures.

3. Apply the concepts of cultural factors that influence health and illness of Hispanics/Latinos and Asian/Pacific Islanders.

Introduction

Students will examine cultural influences related to religion and spiritual beliefs, which comprise part of patients’ heritage. Purnell’s cultural competency model encompasses global, communal, familial, and personal perspectives that can affect the patient’s health care. It is important for nursing professionals to understand that the twelve domains of Purnell’s model are interrelated and do not stand alone. This model provides the framework for a thorough health assessment, including culture in order to provide competent care.

Required Resources

Text

Dayer-Berenson, L. (2014). Cultural competencies for nurses: Impact on health and illness (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 6: Hispanics/Latinos

• Chapter 7: Asians/Pacific Islanders

Articles

Diabetes: researchers’ work from University of Arizona focuses on diabetes. (2012). Education Business Weekly, p.107. Retrieved from http://www.educationbusinessuk.net/

• The full text of this article is available in the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article shares the role of culturally competent care in Hispanic/Latino diabetic patients. The article identifies history information that is necessary, but was likely not asked as part of the history form.

Parker, V. A. (2010). The importance of cultural competence in caring for and working in a diverse America. Generations, 34(4), 97-102. Retrieved from http://www.asaging.org/generations-journal-american-society-aging

• The full text of this article is available in the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article addresses the need for culturally competent care in the elderly in all settings (i.e. hospital, assisted living, and long-term care facilities) and how there is an equal need for diverse employees as is necessary to be culturally competent for a diverse patient/client population.

Multimedia

Practice Activity. (2015). Transcultural Nursing. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning Navigate.

• The practice activities provide an opportunity to reinforce the concepts presented in the textbook readings.

• Complete the following practice activities: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

Websites

Cultural Competence Project. (2014). Developing cultural competencies in nurses: Evidence-based and best practices. Retrieved from: http://www.ojccnh.org/project/index.shtml

• This website offers details related to Purnell’s model for cultural competency along with cultural theories and research from Andrews & Boyle, Campinha-Bacote, Galanti, Giger & Davidhizar, Jeffreys, Leininger, Sagar, and Spector.

National Association of School Nurses. (2013). Purnell model for cultural competency. Retrieved from: https://www.nasn.org/ToolsResources/CulturalCompetency/PurnellModelforCulturalCompetence

• This website lists the domains of Purnell’s model for cultural competency and the inclusions for each domain.

Recommended Resources

Text

Dayer-Berenson, L. (2014). Cultural competencies for nurses: Impact on health and illness (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 1: Birth of Transcultural Nursing to Current Theory and Conceptual Models for Cultural Diversity

• Chapter 5: Black Americans

• Chapter 8: Native Americans/Alaska Natives

• Chapter 9: Whites (Non-Hispanic)

Article

Pesut, B., Fowler, M., Reimer-Kirkham, S., Taylor, E., & Sawatzky, R. (2009). Particularizing spirituality in points of tension: Enriching the discourse. Nursing Inquiry, 16(4), 337-346. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2009.00462.x

• The full-text version of this article can be accessed through the EBSCOhost database.

Website

Peek, M. (2014, October 30). Poverty association with poor dealth outcomes and health disparities [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/10/30/povertys-association-with-poor-health-outcomes-and-health-disparities/

• This blog discusses how poverty can contribute to poor health outcomes.

Barriers to Equitable Care. . Refer to this week’s readings and review the Now Is our Time: Healthy Living for Black Women 40 – 55 video. Use the information to help formulate your response to the following:

• Discuss two barriers to equitable healthcare for all Americans.

• Propose a solution to the two barriers.

• Next, address similarities and differences between the American population in general and the African/Black American culture with respect to barriers.

• Include a brief analysis as to why unique barriers exist based on cultural factors that influence health and illness of African/Black Americans.

• Discuss the nursing interventions you might employ to improve health outcomes for the African/Black American culture.

Your initial post should be 250-300 words and utilize at least one scholarly source from the University Library, cited in APA format, to justify your choices.

Guided Response: Choose two of your classmate’s posts. Compare and contrast how the cultural norms influence the nurse’s role discussed by your peer. Include a real-world example to illustrate your point.

Provide a substantive response (minimum of 100 words) for each of your replies. List at least one scholarly source cited in APA format, to support your rationale.

Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss the barriers that may impede the delivery of equitable health care.

2. Examine the intra-ethnic differences in cultural beliefs, customs, and traditions within subgroups of diverse populations.

3. Apply the concepts of cultural factors that influence health and illness of African/Black Americans.

Introduction

The patient’s cultural beliefs and values are important to consider in the delivery of health care. Nurses must be able to utilize assessment skills to evaluate patients’ health status and cultural needs. It is imperative to understand that cultural beliefs can affect the patient’s health just as much as the treatment plan. However, there are times when barriers exist to the delivery of culturally competent care. It is our responsibility to identify these barriers whether they are based on process, system, or financial aspects. The nurse plays an integral role in facilitating the best health outcomes for the patient. Knowing and understanding each cultural group ensures the patient receives quality care.

Intra-ethnic differences in cultural beliefs, customs, and traditions Required Resources

Text

Dayer-Berenson, L. (2014). Cultural competencies for nurses: Impact on health and illness (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 5: Black Americans

Articles

Douglas, M. K., Pierce, J. U., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D., Callister, L. C., Hattar-Pollara, M., & Purnell, L. (2011). Standards of practice for culturally competent nursing care: 2011 update. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 22(4), 317. doi:10.1177/1043659611412965

• The full text of this article is available in the Sage database in the Ashford University Library. This article reviews the barriers to providing culturally competent care.

Eggenberger, S., Grassley, & J., Restrepo, E. (July 19, 2006). Culturally competent nursing care for families: Listening to the voices of Mexican-American women. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 11(3). doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol11No03PPT01.

• The full-text version of this article is available at the following url: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume112006/No3Sept06/ArticlePreviousTopics/CulturallyCompetentNursingCare.html. This article reviews the communication techniques for Mexican subcultures.

Jimenez, R. L. (2014). Cultural competence and communication. AAOS Now, 8(9), 14-16. Retrieved from http://www.aaos.org/aaosnow/

• The full text of this article is available in the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article considers how culturally competent training influences a health care practitioner’s – in this case a doctor – relationship with patients. The author suggests that cultural competency is important but it is not the complete picture to providing the best care for diverse patients.

Paschal, A. M., Lewis-moss, R., Sly, J., & White, B. J. (2010). Addressing health disparities among African/Black Americans: Using the stages of change model to document attitudes and decisions about nutrition and physical activity. Journal of Community Health, 35(1), 10-7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-009-9197-x

• The full text of this article is available in the ProQuest database in the Ashford University Library. This article reviews the poor diet and exercise habits, and the effects of these habits, on the health of African/Black Americans in order to design effective interventions.

Purnell, L. (2002). The Purnell model for cultural competence. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 193-196. doi:10.1177/10459602013003006

• The full text of this article is available in the Sage database in the Ashford University Library. This article reviews Purnell’s model of cultural competence.

Singleton, K. & Krause, E. (2009). Understanding cultural and linguistic barriers to health literacy. OJIN 14(3). doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol14No03Man04.

• The full-text version of this article is available at the following url: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol142009/No3Sept09/Cultural-and-Linguistic-Barriers-.html. This article addresses the nurse’s role in conveying health care knowledge to patients through an understanding of the patient’s culture and language. Additionally, it shares case studies of patients’ experiences.

Multimedia

Films Media Group. (2006). Now is our time: Healthy living for black women 40-55 [Video file]. In Films on Demand. Retrieved from http://digital.films.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=18596&xtid=30916

• This video looks at the incident rate of certain illnesses in African/Black American women. It focuses on diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, as well as how women can be more aware of their health and wellness.

Practice Activity. (2015). Transcultural Nursing. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning Navigate.

• The practice activities provide an opportunity to reinforce the concepts presented in the textbook readings.

• Complete the following practice activities: 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4

Intra-ethnic differences in cultural beliefs, customs, and traditions Recommended Resources

Text

Dayer-Berenson, L. (2014). Cultural competencies for nurses: Impact on health and illness (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 1: Birth of Transcultural Nursing to Current Theories and Conceptual Models for Cultural Diversity

• Chapter 4: Organization of Health care Delivery in the 21st Century

• Chapter 6: Hispanics/Latinos

• Chapter 7: Asians/Pacific Islanders

• Chapter 8: Native Americans/Alaska Natives

• Chapter 9: Whites (Non-Hispanic)

Articles

Health Research & Educational Trust. (2013). Becoming a culturally competent health care organization [PDF file]. Retrieved from: http://www.hpoe.org/Reports-HPOE/becoming_culturally_competent_health_care_organization.PDF

• This PDF document discusses the health care organization’s role in the community, and how becoming culturally competent will improve patient engagement, education, access to services, and compliance with health care advice.

Tripp-Reimer, T., Choi, E., Skemp Kelley, L. and Enslein, J. (2001). Cultural barriers to care: Inverting the problem. Diabetes Spectrum. 14(1). doi: 10.2337/diaspect.14.1.13

• The full-text version of this article is available at the following url: http://spectrum.diabetesjournals.org/content/14/1/13.full. This article reviews cultural barriers related to a diabetic patient.

Medical Case Study: Mr. Velasquez, a Hispanic/Latino male patient

Medical Case Study. Review the medical case study of Mr. Velasquez, a Hispanic/Latino male patient. Then, based on this case, analyze and evaluate the case per the specifications provided below. Answer the questions applying standards of practice as well as nursing assessment skills that must be implemented to provide culturally competent care. It is your choice to address this assignment from the perspective of admission to the floor or from the perspective of discharge planning.

• In what areas of this scenario can cultural beliefs influence the patient’s health outcomes?

• Discuss your practical experience as well as the standardized guidelines that you feel could assist in providing culturally competent care for this patient.

• Develop five questions you would ask the patient based on the specifics of his case, taking careful account of his cultural beliefs, to glean appropriate caregiving information.

• Having addressed the case of Mr. Velasquez, a Hispanic/Latino male, consider the case of a similar medical issue and circumstances in which the patient is of a different (not Hispanic/Latino) culture or subculture. Specify the cultural identity of this hypothetical patient. Compare and contrast the methods you would employ to gather necessary information for the two cases (i.e., describe how your actions would change based on the cultural norms for the different patients).

• Revise the five questions you have developed. Reflect how the questions will allow you to collect appropriate information and provide culturally competent care for the patient in this second hypothetical case. How does the cultural difference affect your role as a nurse?

• Reflect on what you learned from this case study on the Hispanic/Latino culture. How does this new learning compare to your previous nursing practice? How will this course experience influence your future behaviors?

Your paper must be a minimum of three pages in length (not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style.

• Must include a separate title page with the following:

o Title of paper

o Student’s name

o Course name and number

o Instructor’s name

o Date submitted

• Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text. One of the sources must be from the University Library.

• Must cite all sources in the body of the assignment. The citations must be in APA style

• Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Essay Assignment

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). . In order to receive quality health care, Americans and legal immigrants must have access to care.

• In your opinion, evaluate whether (PPACA) has bridged the gap for diverse populations to receive quality health care.

• Provide your thoughts on this debate, identifying the strengths or shortcomings of your position.

• Include a specific excerpt from PPACA that supports your affirmative position, or a scholarly source that supports the opposing position.

Your initial The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Essay Assignment post should be 250-300 words and utilize at least one scholarly source from the University Library, cited in APA format, to justify your choices.

Guided Response: Choose two of your classmates’ posts and respond by including a statement indicating whether you agree or disagree. In addition, from the nursing perspective, justify your position by including a real-world example that illustrates your point. Identify what is lacking that diverse population groups would need to obtain quality care and recommend a solution.

Provide a substantive response (minimum of 100 words) for each of your replies in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) essay assignment. List at least one scholarly source cited in APA format, to support your rationale.

Personal Beliefs and Biases Discussions

1. Personal Bias. 1st Post Due by Day 3. Prior to preparing your response, review the Understanding Our Biases and Assumptions video.

• Describe a scenario in which the patient’s beliefs were contradictory to your own.

• Describe how you put aside your personal beliefs and biases to deliver quality patient care.

• What recommendations from the readings and/or video would you implement in order to provide culturally competent care?

Your initial Personal Beliefs and Biases post should be 250-300 words and utilize at least one scholarly source from the University Library, cited in APA format, to justify your choices.

Guided Response: Respond to two classmates by addressing how you would assist a colleague with the scenario described. From the nurse manager role, discuss the organizational policies that are in place, or that should be in place, that may assist you in providing treatment or managing cultural traditions, practices, and customs that are different from your own beliefs.

Provide a substantive response (minimum of 100 words) for each of your replies. List at least one scholarly source, cited in APA format as outlined, to support your rationale.

Learning Outcomes

1. Examine personal tendencies for cultural bias, generalization, and assumptions as they influence the delivery of quality health care.

2. Discuss the relationship of health care insurance coverage related to disparities of various culture groups.

3. Compare and contrast the nurse’s role in the delivery of culturally competent care.

4. Apply the concepts that assist in fostering diverse relationships in providing health care on a global level.

Introduction

The course begins with an exploration of cultural influences and personal values in the delivery of culturally competent nursing care to diverse population groups. What we think, feel, and experience throughout our lives both personally and professionally can affect the manner in which we deliver health care. It is imperative for the nurse to practice with the patient’s health and cultural needs as a primary focus. Health care organizations provide guidelines and policies to assist in delivering culturally competent care, but it remains the nurse’s role to ensure they are followed. An evaluation of a case study requires the development of assessment techniques that enhance the student’s ability to apply the learned concepts.

 

Required Resources

Text

Dayer-Berenson, L. (2014). Cultural competencies for nurses: Impact on health and illness (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 3: Global Diversity

• Chapter 4: Organization of Health care Delivery in the 21st Century

Articles

Chou, C., PhD., Tulolo, A., PharmD., Raver, E. W., B.S., Hsu, C., PhD., & Young, Gary,J.D., PhD. (2013). Effect of race and health insurance on health disparities: Results from the national health interview survey 2010. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 24(3), 1353-63. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2013.0131

• This article investigates how insurance coverage via the PPACA has influenced health disparities based on race/ethnicity.

Dovidio, J. F., & Fiske, S. T. (2012). Under the radar: How unexamined biases in decision-making processes in clinical interactions can contribute to health care disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 102(5), 945-952. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300601

• The full text of this article is available in the EBSCOhost database in the Ashford University Library. This article addresses how racial and ethnic biases contribute to health disparities among African/Black, Hispanic, and Native American people.

Rosenbaum, S. (2011). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Implications for public health policy and practice. Public Health Reports, 126(1), 130–135. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001814/

• This reviews PPACA as it relates to its effect on care for diverse populations.

Multimedia

Nevco Healthcare Education. (1991). Understanding our biases and assumptions [Video file]. In Films on Demand. Retrieved from http://digital.films.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=18596&xtid=2574

• This video allows you to understand how your own experiences in life influence your perceptions about others. It also shares information from members of minority populations to show how bias affects their lives.

Practice Activity. (2015). Transcultural Nursing. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning Navigate.

• The practice activities provide an opportunity to reinforce the concepts presented in the textbook readings.

• Complete the following practice activities: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4

Website

Teaching Tolerance: A Project of the Southern Poverty Law Center. (2011). Test yourself for hidden bias. Retrieved from: http://www.tolerance.org/activity/test-yourself-hidden-bias

• This website allows you to test your own biases through a series of questions and sorting exercises. The sorting exercises are fast-paced and an outcome is provided when you complete each test. YOU DO NOT NEED TO SHARE THE TEST NAMES YOU TOOK OR YOUR OUTCOMES WITH THE CLASS OR INSTRUCTOR. This activity is for your confidential use only and gives you an idea of any possible biases you have.

• DIRECTIONS: When you reach the website, choose the CLICK HERE link in the second paragraph. A new tab/window will open, called PROJECT IMPLICIT. REGISTER with your either email address or CONTINUE AS A GUEST. Click GO. The page will change. Read the material and click I WISH TO PROCEED at the bottom of the page. The page will change, showing a list of tests you can take. If this list does not show, choose TAKE A TEST from the tabs at the top of the page. Take three or more of the bias tests from the list, of your topic choice. Topic choices are: Native American, Asian American, Sexuality, Arab-Muslim, Religion, Presidents, Weight, Age, Disability, Gender [in] Science, Skin-tone, Race, Weapons, and Gender [in] Career.

Recommended Resources

Text

Dayer-Berenson, L. (2014). Cultural competencies for nurses: Impact on health and illness (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

• Chapter 6: Hispanics/Latinos

Articles

Cogan, J.A. (2011). The affordable care act’s preventive services mandate: Breaking down the barriers to nationwide access to preventive services. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 39(3), 355-365. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2011.00605.x

• The full-text version of this article can be accessed through the EBSCOhost database in the  University Library.

Worthen, M. S. (2014). The PPACA’s potential impact on hospitals. The RMA Journal, 96(7), 37-37, 11. Retrieved from http://www.rmahq.org/thermajournal/

• The full-text version of this article can be accessed through the ProQuest database in the University Library.

Supplemental Material

College of Health, Human Services, and Science: Department of Health Promotion (Producer). The Affordable Care Act and you: History, implications, and the future of health care [Webinar]. .

• This webinar discusses the impact of PPACA on the future of health care.

Websites

H.R. 3590–111th Congress: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act [PDF]. (2010). In www.gpo.gov. Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hr3590enr/pdf/BILLS-111hr3590enr.pdf

• This website describes the updates to PPACA.

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2013). Summary of the affordable care act. Retrieved from: http://kff.org/health-reform/fact-sheet/summary-of-the-affordable-care-act/

• This website provides a summary of PPACA.

Williams, E., & Redhead, C.S. (2010). Public health, workforce, quality and related provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from: https://www.aamc.org/download/130996/data/ph.pdf.pdf

• This document gives a brief synopsis of PPACA as it relates to the workforce, public health, and quality care.

Transcultural care Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss the integration of knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed for delivering culturally competent care.

2. Examine the socioeconomic impact of patient cultural needs based upon primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care.

3. Apply the concepts of culture diversity and their relevance in nursing practice.

 

Introduction

This course begins with an exploration of transcultural nursing’s history and literature regarding how cultural influences can affect patient care. Madeline Leininger’s transcultural nursing model is utilized to determine the nurse’s responsibility in providing such care. We will examine health care at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels as such levels of care relate to socioeconomic impacts of the patients’ cultural needs.

POSTS

1. Post Your Introduction. 1st Post Due by Day 1. Welcome to the class! Please take a few moments to introduce yourself. In addition to sharing your name, please review the course guide linked at the bottom of the page on the Course Materials page, and include the following information in your post:

• Describe what you believe Transcultural Nursing encompasses and share your initial thoughts on the topic.

• Discuss previous or current professional work that relates to diverse populations.

• Identify two things you look forward to learning from the class.

Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ introduction posts. Welcome a minimum of three of your peers and comment on one or more aspects of their introductions. Now is a great opportunity to meet and greet your colleagues for the next five weeks!

2. Assessing Cultural Needs. 1st Post Due by Day 3. Review the video Competent Care in a Culturally Diverse Nation. Considering the methods presented in the video, describe a situation you have experienced in your nursing practice and explain the nurse’s responsibilities when assessing a patient in order to provide culturally competent care. Use Leininger’s theory and model to justify your answer.

Your initial post should be 250-300 words and utilize at least one scholarly source from the University Library, cited in APA format, to justify your choices.

Guided Response: Choose two of your classmates’ posts, and identify two specific patient needs that were not addressed based on the information provided on nursing responsibilities. Include in your response how you would address those needs. Provide a substantive response (minimum of 100 words) for each of your replies. List at least one scholarly source, cited in APA format, to support your rationale.

3. Levels of Care. 1st Post Due by Day 3. Review the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care.

• From the nursing manager role, discuss the socioeconomic impact that might be experienced by the patient at the primary, secondary, or tertiary level of care associated with the first letter of your last name in the list below:

o Primary Care – Last names A through I

o Secondary – Last names J through Q

o Tertiary – Last names R through Z

• Include nursing interventions that would need to be considered in order to meet the patient’s cultural needs.

Your initial post should be 250-300 words and utilize at least one scholarly source from the Ashford University Library, cited in APA format, to justify your choices.

Guided Response: Choose two of your classmates’ posts covering each of the levels of care not addressed in your initial post. For example, if you were assigned primary care for your initial post, you will respond to one student who was assigned secondary care and one student who was assigned tertiary care. In your responses, address information they did not consider. Justify your choices as to why the information should be considered.

Provide a substantive response (minimum of 100 words) for each of your replies. List at least one scholarly source, cited in APA format , to support your rationale.

TRANSCULTURAL NURSING REQUIRED TEXT

Dayer-Berenson, L. (2014). Cultural competencies for nurses: Impact on health and illness (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning

TRANSCULTURAL NURSING REQUIRED RESOURCES

Articles

Akinyemiju, T. F., Soliman, A. S., Copeland, G., Banerjee, M., Schwartz, K., & Merajver, S. D. (2013). Trends in breast cancer stage and mortality in Michigan (1992–2009) by race, socioeconomic status, and area health care resources [PDF file]. Plos ONE, 8(4), 1-9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061879.

Campinha-Bacote, J. (2011). Delivering patient-centered care in the midst of a cultural conflict: The role of cultural competence. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing: A Scholarly Journal of the American Nurses Association, 16(2). doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol16No02Man05

Chou, C., PhD., Tulolo, A., PharmD., Raver, E. W., B.S., Hsu, C., PhD., & Young, Gary,J.D., PhD. (2013). Effect of race and health insurance on health disparities: Results from the national health interview survey 2010. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 24(3), 1353-63. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2013.0131

Crandall, M., Anderson, B., Idakoji, I., Rajasekhar, A., Kahlenberg, C., Agubuzu, O., & … Esposito, T. (2014). Trauma patient satisfaction survey opens discussion about bias in health care. Journal of Health Disparities Research & Practice, 7(3), 1-14. Retrieved from http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/jhdrp/

Diabetes: researchers’ work from University of Arizona focuses on diabetes. (2012). Education Business Weekly, p.107. Retrieved from http://www.educationbusinessuk.net/

Dovidio, J. F., & Fiske, S. T. (2012). Under the radar: How unexamined biases in decision-making processes in clinical interactions can contribute to health care disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 102(5), 945-952. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300601

Douglas, M. K., Pierce, J. U., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D., Callister, L. C., Hattar-Pollara, M., & Purnell, L. (2011). Standards of practice for culturally competent nursing care: 2011 update. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 22(4), 317. doi:10.1177/1043659611412965

Eggenberger, S., Grassley, & J., Restrepo, E. (July 19, 2006). Culturally competent nursing care for families: Listening to the voices of Mexican-American women. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 11(3). doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol11No03PPT01

Jimenez, R. L. (2014). Cultural competence and communication. AAOS Now, 8(9), 14-16. Retrieved from http://www.aaos.org/aaosnow/

Parker, V. A. (2010). The importance of cultural competence in caring for and working in a diverse America. Generations, 34(4), 97-102. Retrieved from http://www.asaging.org/generations-journal-american-society-aging

Paschal, A. M., Lewis-moss, R., Sly, J., & White, B. J. (2010). Addressing health disparities among African/Black Americans: Using the stages of change model to document attitudes and decisions about nutrition and physical activity. Journal of Community Health, 35(1), 10-7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-009-9197-x

Purnell, L. (2002). The Purnell model for cultural competence. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 193-196. doi:10.1177/10459602013003006

Rosenbaum, S. (2011). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Implications for public health policy and practice. Public Health Reports, 126(1), 130–135. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001814/

Shah, V. O., Ghahate, D. M., Bobelu, J., Sandy, P., Newman, S., Helitzer, D. L., & … Zager, P. (2014). Identifying barriers to health care to reduce health disparity in Zuni Indians using focus group conducted by community health workers. CTS: Clinical & Translational Science, 7(1), 6-11. doi:10.1111/cts.12127

Singleton, K. & Krause, E. (2009). Understanding cultural and linguistic barriers to health literacy. OJIN 14(3). doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol14No03Man04

Victorson, D., Banas, J., Smith, J., Languido, L., Shen, E., Gutierrez, S., & … Flores, L. (2014). eSalud: Designing and implementing culturally competent e-health research with Latino patient populations. American Journal of Public Health, 104(12), 2259-2265. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302187

Multimedia

Davies, J., Wolfendale, T. (Producers), & Rouse, S. (Director). (2012). Competent care in a culturally diverse nation [Video file]. Retrieved from https://fod.infobase.com/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=52851&wID=100753&plt=FOD&loid=0&w=640&h=360&fWidth=660&fHeight=410

Films Media Group. (2006). Now is our time: Healthy living for black women 40-55 [Video file]. In Films on Demand. Retrieved from http://digital.films.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=18596&xtid=30916

Marofsky, M., Grote, K. (Writers), Christiansen, L., Hommeyer, T. (Producers), Christiansen, L., & Dean, W. (Directors). (1991). Understanding our biases and assumptions [Video file]. Retrieved from

https://fod.infobase.com/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=2574&wID=100753&plt=FOD&loid=0&w=640&h=480&fWidth=660&fHeight=530

Nevco Healthcare Education. (1991). Understanding our biases and assumptions [Video file]. In Films on Demand. Retrieved from http://fod.infobase.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=2574

Practice Activities. (2015). Transcultural nursing. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning Navigate.

Websites

Cultural Competence Project. (2014). Developing cultural competencies in nurses: Evidence-based and best practices. Retrieved from http://www.ojccnh.org/project/index.shtml

Institute for Work and Health. (n.d.). What researchers mean by… primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Retrieved from http://www.iwh.on.ca/wrmb/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-prevention

National Association of School Nurses. (2013). Purnell model for cultural competency. Retrieved from https://www.nasn.org/ToolsResources/CulturalCompetency/PurnellModelforCulturalCompetence

Teaching Tolerance: A Project of the Southern Poverty Law Center. (2011). Teaching tolerance: A project of the Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved from http://www.tolerance.org/activity/test-yourself-hidden-bias

Ward, J. (2012). The role of nursing in preventive care. Nursing Together. Retrieved from http://www.nursetogether.com/the-role-of-nursing-in-preventive-care

TRANSCULTURAL NURSING RECOMMENDED RESOURCES

Articles

Ahs, A., Burell, G., & Westerling, R. (2012). Care or not care-that is the question: Predictors of healthcare utilization in relation to employment status. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19(1), 29-38. doi: 10.1007/s12529-010-9129-2

Berkowitz, S. A., Traore, C. Y., Singer, D. E., & Atlas, S. J. (2015). Evaluating area-based socioeconomic status indicators for monitoring disparities within health care systems: Results from a primary care network. Health Services Research, 50(2), 398-417. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12229

Cogan, J.A. (2011). The affordable care act’s preventive services mandate: Breaking down the barriers to nationwide access to preventive services. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 39(3), 355-365. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2011.00605.x

Gupta, V. B. (2010). Impact of culture on health care seeking behavior of Asian Indians. Journal Of Cultural Diversity, 17(1), 13-19. Retrieved from http://tuckerpub.com/jcd.htm

Health Research & Educational Trust. (2013). Becoming a culturally competent health care organization [PDF file]. Retrieved from http://www.hpoe.org/Reports-HPOE/becoming_culturally_competent_health_care_organization.PDF

Pesut, B., Fowler, M., Reimer-Kirkham, S., Taylor, E., & Sawatzky, R. (2009). Particularizing spirituality in points of tension: Enriching the discourse. Nursing Inquiry, 16(4), 337-346. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2009.00462.x

Robert, S.A. and Booske, B.C. (2011). US opinions on health determinants and social policy as health policy. American Journal of Public Health, 101(9), 1655-1663. Retrieved from http://ajph.aphapublications.org/loi/ajph

Tripp-Reimer, T., Choi, E., Skemp Kelley, L. and Enslein, J. (2001). Cultural barriers to care: Inverting the problem. Diabetes Spectrum. 14(1). doi: 10.2337/diaspect.14.1.13

Wilson, A., Whitaker, N. & Whitford, D. (May 31, 2012) Rising to the challenge of health care reform with entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial nursing initiatives. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 17(2). doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol17No02Man05

Worthen, M. S. (2014). The PPACA’s potential impact on hospitals. The RMA Journal, 96(7), 37-37. Retrieved from http://www.rmahq.org/thermajournal/

Zepeda, E. D. (2012). Technology-enabled health care supply chain for primary care: Reducing disparities in the delivery of chronic care. Retrieved from http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/136021/Zepeda_umn_0130E_12974.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Government Reports

111th Congress. Patient protection and affordable care act [PDF file]. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hr3590enr/pdf/BILLS-111hr3590enr.pdf

Williams, E., & Redhead, C.S. (2010). Public health, workforce, quality, and related provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) [PDF file]. Retrieved from https://www.aamc.org/download/130996/data/ph.pdf.pdf

Multimedia

Peek, M. (2014, October 30). Poverty association with poor dealth outcomes and health disparities [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2014/10/30/povertys-association-with-poor-health-outcomes-and-health-disparities/

Supplemental Material

College of Health, Human Services, and Science: Department of Health Promotion (Producer). The Affordable Care Act and you: History, implications, and the future of healthcare [Webinar]. San Diego, CA

Websites

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2013). Summary of the affordable care act. Retrieved from http://kff.org/health-reform/fact-sheet/summary-of-the-affordable-care-act/

Petiprin, A. (2013). Leininger’s Culture Care Theory. Retrieved from http://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/leininger-culture-care-theory.php