Category: Nursing

Linear Regression Exercises

Simple Regression

 

Research Question: Does the number of hours worked per week (
workweek
) predict family income (
income
)?

 

Using Polit2SetA data set, run a simple regression using Family Income (
income
) as the outcome variable (Y) and Number of Hours Worked per Week (
workweek
) as the independent variable (X). When conducting any regression analysis, the dependent (outcome) variables is always (Y) and is placed on the y-axis, and the independent (predictor) variable is always (X) and is placed on the x-axis.

 

Follow these steps when using SPSS:

Open Polit2SetA data set.

Click on
Analyze
, then click on
Regression
, then
Linear
.

Move the dependent variable (
income
) in the box labeled “Dependent” by clicking the arrow button. The dependent variable is a continuous variable.

Move the independent variable (
workweek
) into the box labeled “Independent.”

Click on the
Statistics
button (right side of box) and click on
Descriptives
,
Estimates
,
Confidence Interval
(should be 95%), and
Model Fit
, then click on
Continue
.

Click on
OK
.

Assignment:
Through analysis of the SPSS output, answer the following questions.

What is the total sample size?

What is the mean income and mean number of hours worked?

What is the correlation coefficient between the outcome and predictor variables? Is it significant? How would you describe the strength and direction of the relationship?

What it the value of R squared (coefficient of determination)? Interpret the value.

Interpret the standard error of the estimate? What information does this value provide to the researcher?

The model fit is determined by the ANOVA table results (
F
statistic = 37.226, 1,376 degrees of freedom, and the
p
value is .001). Based on these results, does the model fit the data? Briefly explain. (Hint: A significant finding indicates good model fit.)

Based on the coefficients, what is the value of the y-intercept (point at which the line of best fit crosses the y-axis)?

Based on the output, write out the regression equation for predicting family income.

Using the regression equation, what is the predicted monthly family income for women working 35 hours per week?

Using the regression equation, what is the predicted monthly family income for women working 20 hours per week?

For this assignment, answer question 1 through 10 individually. DO NOT ANSWER IN PARAGRAPH FORM.

Multiple Regression

Assignment:
In this assignment we are trying to predict CES-D score (depression) in women. The research question is: How well do age, educational attainment, employment, abuse, and poor health predict depression?

 

Using Polit2SetC data set, run a multiple regression using CES-D Score (
cesd
) as the outcome variable (Y) and respondent’s age (
age
), educational attainment (
educatn
), currently employed (
worknow
), number, types of abuse (
nabuse
), and poor health (
poorhlth
) as the independent variables (X). When conducting any regression analysis, the dependent (outcome) variables is always (Y) and is placed on the y-axis, and the independent (predictor) variable is always (X) and is placed on the x-axis.

 

Follow these steps when using SPSS:

Open Polit2SetC data set.

Click on
Analyze,
then click on
Regression
, then
Linear
.

Move the dependent variable, CES-D Score (
cesd
) into the box labeled “Dependent” by clicking on the arrow button. The dependent variable is a continuous variable.

Move the independent variables (
age
,
educatn
,
worknow
, and
poorhlth
) into the box labeled “Independent.” This is the first block of variables to be entered into the analysis (block 1 of 1). Click on the bottom (top right of independent box), marked “Next”; this will give you another box to enter the next block of indepdent variables (block 2 of 2). Here you are to enter (
nabuse
).
Note:
Be sure the Method box states “Enter”.

Click on the
Statistics
button (right side of box) and click on
Descriptives
,
Estimates
,
Confidence Interval
(should be 95%),
R square change
, and
Model Fit
, and then click on
Continue
.

Click on
OK
.

Assignment:
(When answering all questions, use the data on the coefficients panel from Model 2).

Analyze the data from the SPSS output and write a paragraph summarizing the findings. (Use the example in the SPSS output file as a guide for your write-up.)

Which of the predictors were significant predictors in the model?

Which of the predictors was the most relevant predictor in the model?

Interpret the unstandardized coefficents for educational attainment and poor health.

If you wanted to predict a woman’s current CES-D score based on the analysis, what would the unstandardized regression equation be? Include unstandardized coefficients in the equation.

For this assignment, answer question 1 through 5 individually. DO NOT ANSWER IN PARAGRAPH FORM.

 

 

Required Readings

 

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017)
. Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence
 (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier
.

Chapter 24, “Using Statistics to Predict”

 

This chapter asserts that predictive analyses are based on probability theory instead of decision theory. It also analyzes how variation plays a critical role in simple linear regression and multiple regression.

Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research

Chapter 9, “Correlation and Simple Regression” (pp. 208–222)

 

This section of Chapter 9 discusses the simple regression equation and outlines major components of regression, including errors of prediction, residuals, OLS regression, and ordinary least-square regression.

 

Chapter 10, “Multiple Regression”

 

Chapter 10 focuses on multiple regression as a statistical procedure and explains multivariate statistics and their relationship to multiple regression concepts, equations, and tests.

 

Chapter 12, “Logistic Regression”

 

This chapter provides an overview of logistic regression, which is a form of statistical analysis frequently used in nursing research.

Optional Resources

 

Walden University. (n.d.). Linear regression. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/educ8106_player/educ8106_linear_regression.html

Make a Comment Role of Nurses in Policy Making Essay

Just like any other citizen or professional, a nurse is under the authority of the employer as well as of the government. The electoral process affects the type of a government that gets into power, and at the same time, the government affects the policies which are used in institutions (Greer & Lillvis, 2014). Therefore, it is apparent that a government in place can affect the policies which govern institutions. Putting into consideration that institutions also play a significant role in making the life of the citizens easier, some issues in the policy might affect the lives of nurses in different ways.

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Policies which might affect the lives of nurses from different perspectives are policies which deal with the time that a nurse should report and leave work, the policies that dictate the salaries of the nurses, and the policies that are concerned with the employment of nurses (Greer & Lillvis, 2014). The time that a person or rather a nurse reports and leaves work is very paramount when it comes to the nurse discharging his or her duty as a professional and as a family member. When more time is spent at work, a nurse lacks enough time to spend with the family, and that might affect the nurse. At the same time, when it comes to what a nurse should be paid, having a policy in place that decreases the salary of a nurse is likely to influence the life of a nurse negatively. A nurse is a human being and he or she ought to be stressed by the working environment. When there are no enough employees, one might find him or herself in a situation where the working environment affects him or her. With this in mind, a policy that deals with the employment of extra nurses affects the life of nurses both professionally and individually.

Reference

Greer, S. L., & Lillvis, D. F. (2014). Beyond leadership: political strategies for coordination in health policies. 
Health Policy
, 
116
(1), 12-17.

Comment
 on the following Role of Nurses in Policy Making

Electoral system refers to procedures and norms used in an election to decide on which leader will hold a certain position of influence. The electoral process allows democracy to prevail by allowing voters to make decision on who is to be their leader. The type of government that takes office is however influenced by the electoral process. The government is responsible for making laws that influence the lives of people. Laws pertaining health and economics influence our daily. A government that promotes health reforms aimed at availing health care affects people positively.

Nurses are expected to take care of the patients and participate less in policy making. However, there is need for nurses to participate in campaigns politics. The legislators are responsible for making policies in the health sector and in most cases they make misinformed policies that are not beneficial to the nurses and patients. Nurses therefore come on board during political campaigns to enlighten the citizens on what policies are beneficial and which leadership will influence the health sector positively (Oestberg, 2017). Nurses take advantage of the respect they have earned from citizens in advocating for health reforms and policies.

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Nurses employ various strategies in making their voice heard. First is by networking with other nurses in making a health decisions. He networking process allows the nurses to interact and discus some of the issues that are affecting the health sector and how they can be improved. Second is the use of evidence-based practice to influence decisions by the legislators. Nurses through research can advocate for changes in policies (Phillips, 2017). Lastly, nurses use their personal experiences in practice as a strategy of influencing decisions.

References

Oestberg, F. (2017). 
Getting involved in policy and politics
. 
Evidence based journal for acute and critical care nurses
. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from http://journals.lww.com/nursingcriticalcare/Fulltext/2013/05000/Getting_involved_in_policy_and_politics.10.aspx

Phillips, R. (2017). 
Health Care Policy: The Nurse’s Crucial Role | American Academy of Ambulatory Care Nursing
. 
Aaacn.org
. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from https://www.aaacn.org/health-care-policy-nurses-crucial-role

What Are The Differences Between Child Abuse And Child Neglect? Are They One In The Same? 2. How Would You Report Suspected Elder Abuse?

1.  Describe the development of the health care system of the German and Canadian French Heritage culture and mentioned if there is any similarity in the delivery of health care in United States.

2.  Discuss how the health care beliefs of the German and Canadian French Heritage influence the delivery of health care.

As stated in the syllabus present your assignment in an APA format word document in an Arial 12 font attached to the threat in the discussion tab of the blackboard call week 7 discussion questions.  A minimum of 3 evidence based references no older than 5 years are required and 2 replies to any of your peers sustained with the proper references are required.  A minimum of 500 words are required.

Evidence Based Research in Nursing Essay

Write an 8-12 page paper that will include at least 4-6 evidence/research-based references (no Wikipedia!), an abstract, a graph or chart (data) if applicable to your topic (should not take up more than ¼ of a page).

Your research paper may include (if applicable to your topic) the following information:

Historical Perspective/Background information on your topic

Population affected

Environmental issues

Epidemiological Research

Data Use

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Morbidity & Mortality Patterns

Public Health issues & interventions

Medical Response

Prehospital (if applicable)

Hospital

Other

Government response

Local vs. State vs. Federal

Economic Factors/Issues

Media Coverage/Communication Issues

Logistical Issues

What worked – what didn’t – why

Aftermath

Lessons Learned

The research paper should include an introduction of the topic, a body in which the topic is developed and references cited, and a well-defined conclusion.

The Final Evidence Based Research in Nursing Essay Paper must have a minimum of 10 pages for a Undergraduate level course (excluding the title, abstract, and reference pages). The paper must be typed, double-spaced with 1-inch margins in 12-point Times New Roman font with all references cited.  As always, Wikipedia, Wikianswers, and Answers.com are NOT academic/scholarly sources. Papers will be graded based on the following areas: Foundation and synthesis of knowledge, application of knowledge critical thinking, writing skills, use of computer technology and application, and organization of ideas and format

Disease Prevention Article Review Essay

Choose a peer-reviewed journal article that discusses disease prevention. Review articles and secondary articles may be used but editorials are not appropriate and will receive a zero for the assignment if used.

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Select one(1) article from the following online journal links:

American Journal of Epidemiology: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/

The Journal of Infectious Diseases: http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/

Journal of Public Health: http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/

Clinical Infectious Diseases: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/

You must read the full article (not just the abstract).  You may need to visit the APUS library to access the full article.  Full articles within the last year may not be available.

After reading your selected article, post the following information:

Identify the disease that is being studied and what type of prevention method is being evaluated (i.e. primary, secondary, or tertiary).

Describe what the prevention method is.  It could be a new screening method, vaccination, drugs, or other intervention.

Who was in the study population(s)/sample(s)?

What was the conclusion of the study?

Do you believe the study to  be reliable and valid?  Why or why not?

What recommendation(s) did the researcher offer for future studies?

ALL FORUMS

Initial Response: Initial responses should be no less than 200 words in length not including your reference(s) and supported by at least two references (aside from the textbook).

Question #2-

Select ONE topic from below. Besides addressing the topic, try to include the following information (if applicable):

1. Why is this topic important to Public Health?

2. Why did you select this topic? What is its importance?

3. How can we get involved?

Essay topics (Pick 1) –

# 1. Watch the PBS Frontline video “Sick Around the World ” (link is available in your Week 6 Packet) and using your text information and other research articles of your choice, discuss some of the lessons the United States can learn from other Health Care Systems around the world. Cite your resources.

# 2. Watch the PBS Frontline video “Sick Around America ” (link is available in your Week 6 packet) and using your text information and other research articles of your choice, discuss some of the challenges faced by Americans trying to navigate through our current healthcare system and some possible solutions to the situation. Cite your resources.

# 3 The best hope for avoiding the need for health care rationing and at the same time improving quality of life for the elderly in this country is to integrate public health measure with the medical system to prevent chronic disease. Discuss some strategies to do this.

This assignment will require you to consider several influences to the budgeting process of a health care institution. Here, you will review payer mix and other influences to revenue as you consider revenue factors for the budget. Complete the following for this assignment:

For a health care organization of your choice (real or hypothetical), describe the type of organization, and determine the payer mix of patients served (percentage of Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, managed care, and private pay).

Take into consideration that reimbursement can be affected by the claims process, out-of-network payments, denials, audits, and legislation.

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Assess the differences in health care budgeting as a result of these potential changes in the payer mix and payment methodologies as an outcome of the Affordable Care Act.

Take into consideration that while more patients may have insurance coverage, the out-of-pocket expenses will continue to create a potential uncollectable liability.

Evaluate how you would strategize to keep a balanced budget for all 12 months in a year using a flexible budget rather than a static budget, and provide rationale and justification.

The body of the resultant paper should be 5–7 pages and include at least 5 relevant academic or professional references published in the past 5 years.

Heart Attack Grill Video Essay Assignment

After watching the Heart Attack Grill video, answer at least 4 of these questions in your 150 word response:

1.  Would you eat at this facility? Why or why not?

2. Would you let your children eat there? Why or why not?

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3. Why do you think this type of restaurant is popular in the U.S. now?

4. Do you think most Americans relate their food decisions to their risk for disease? What evidence is there for your thinking on this?

5. Do you have experiences where it seems evident that people you know have just decided to eat unhealthily despite the possible consequences? How do we all “pay” for this?

Role of nutrition and diet in alteration in health

This project focuses on the knowledge needed to understand the important role nutrition and diet play when there is an alteration in health. A disease is selected as a foundation of the project. Its etiology and progression is explored to best understand the overall regimen used to treat the disease. Focus is on assessment and interventions that lead to appropriate and effective nutrition and the approach and reasons for a recommended diet. Also included is a brief outline of what to include in client education about the recommended diet and the strategies needed to ensure adherence to it.

This Project must include three scholarly peer reviewed resources/references. APA Editorial format with in-text citations and references is required.

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Requirements

The requirements for your Role of nutrition and diet in alteration in health Project include the following:

Must be 6 – 8 pages.

Must include an introductory paragraph that describes the entire project.

The project must have all of the following: identification of the alteration in health (disease), the role nutrition plays in the prevention of this disease, its etiology, progression, treatment, recommended diet, type of nursing assessment and nursing interventions needed with regard to nutrition, outline of what should be included in client education and two strategies to help ensure adherence (overcome barriers) to the recommended diet.

Must have a title page and an APA Editorial formatted Reference page with at least three scholarly peer reviewed references. There must also be appropriate APA Editorial formatted in-text citations.

 

Module

Assignment

02

Selection of Alteration in Health (Disease) – Instructor Approved

04

Outline of the Project

06

Three Scholarly Peer Reviewed References

08

1-Page Project Status

10

Project Submission