Category: Psychology

  • [Solved] week 3

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    – ## Week3.Discussion.NeedsAnalysisTraining.docx – ## Week3.Assignment.TalentManagmentPlan.DevelopingTalentedEmployees.docx – ## Week3.DiscussionOne.DiscoveringKeyConceptsinScholarlyWriting.docx – Week3.Assignment.Paraphrasing.PuttingItIntoYourOwnWords.docx **## Week3.Discussion.NeedsAnalysisTrainin…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## Week3.Discussion.NeedsAnalysisTraining.docx

    – ## Week3.Assignment.TalentManagmentPlan.DevelopingTalentedEmployees.docx

    – ## Week3.DiscussionOne.DiscoveringKeyConceptsinScholarlyWriting.docx

    – Week3.Assignment.Paraphrasing.PuttingItIntoYourOwnWords.docx

    **## Week3.Discussion.NeedsAnalysisTraining.docx**

    wEEK3. dISCUSSION. NEEDS ANALYSIS TRAINING

    Before designing any training program, it is important conduct a needs analysis first. A needs analysis is the process of identifying performance gaps to determine targeted training needs. You can identify performance gaps by comparing the desired performance (i.e., KSAs, departmental and organizational goals) with actual performance (i.e., performance appraisal results and metrics). It is important to keep in mind that training may not always be the best solution for performance gaps. Sometimes performance gaps occur for reasons other than a lack of knowledge or skills, such as unrealistic expectations, excessive workloads, or low employee motivation.

    Last week, you identified and rank-ordered KSAs for a current or previous job. For this Discussion, you will identify two of the three KSAs in which there might be a performance gap and the level of performance required for each (e.g., entry, intermediate, or advanced). Then you will choose a training design that would help employees achieve the KSAs at the requisite level.

    To prepare for this Discussion:

    · Identify two of the three KSAs from the Week 2 Discussion and the level of performance required for each (e.g., entry, intermediate, or advanced).

    · Review Chapter 19, focusing on pages 539–549, in Volume 1 of
    _The SAGE Handbook_. Pay particular attention to the training models and consider which model(s) might apply to the KSAs you identified.

    · Review Chapter 10, focusing on pages 215–218, in Volume 2 of
    _The SAGE Handbook_ and the article, “Learning in the Twenty-First-Century Workplace.” Think about which design elements might be most useful to incorporate into training for the KSAs you identified, and why.

    Resources

    [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    **Needs Analysis and Training**

    · Campbell, J., Kuncel, N., & Kostal, J. (2018). Training and learning in work roles. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi5050.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 533-610). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 19, Focus on pages 539-549

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    · Bell, B., & Moore, O. (2018). Learning, training and development in organizations: emerging trends, recent advances, and future directions. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol2%2Fi2200.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 215-233). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 10, Focus on pages 215-218

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 30 minutes

    · Noe, R. A., Clarke, A. D., & Klein, H. J. (2014). Learning in the twenty-first-century workplace.
    [_Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational BehaviorLinks to an external site._](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091321?) _, 1_(1), 245–275

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    **Talent Management and Performance Appraisal**

    · Aamodt, M. (2016).
    _Industrial/organizational psychology: An applied approach_ (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

    · Chapter 7, “Evaluating Employee Performance” (pp. 233–267 only)

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 65 minutes

    · Harari, M., & Viswesvaran, C. (2018). Individual job performance. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.), The SAGE
    [handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychologyLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi687.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 55-72). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 3, Focus on pages 56-57

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 20 minutes

    · Meyers, M., & Paauwe, J. (2018). Talent management. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol3%2Fi5125.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 517-544). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** You were first introduced to this
    **Chapter 23** reading in Week 2. Review again for this week. Focus on pages 527-528.

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 15 minutes

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    · Walden University, LLC. (2019).
    [_Talent management plan: Webbutik_ Links to an external site.](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/IPSY/6200/Webbutik/index.html) [CDN media file]. Walden University Blackboard. https://waldenu.instructure.com

    INSTRUCTIONS: Post a response to the following:

    · 1. Briefly define the KSAs you selected and the level of performance required for each. 2. Then describe the training design you would use to ensure that employees achieve the KSAs at the requisite level, and why. 3. Be sure to include specific aspects of the training design you would offer.

    **## Week3.Assignment.TalentManagmentPlan.DevelopingTalentedEmployees.docx**

    Talent Management Plan – Developing Talented Employees

    Performance management is the process of assessing employee performance and delivering targeted feedback for improvement. Performance appraisals are conducted periodically to measure employee performance against specific criteria, often based on KSAs and individual, department, and organizational goals. In the context of talent management, performance appraisals can be used to identify top-performing employees and high-potential employees who could be developed to fill upper-level roles in the organization. For instance, some organizations use performance appraisals to identify the top 5% or 10% of performers in a given job position and “groom” those employees for advanced positions. However, high performance in one job does not necessarily translate to high performance in a different job; therefore, many organizations will use a combination of performance appraisals and recommendations from supervisors to identify employees who may be successful in a different job.

    For this Assignment, you will continue to work towards completing your Talent Management Plan that is due by Day 7 of Week 4. Last week, you considered how you might apply what you have learned about job analysis, KSAs, and assessment to the selection and identification of talented candidates. This week you will apply what you have learned about needs analysis and training to the development of talented employees. You will also consider how a new topic, performance management, can also be used to develop talented employees.

    To Prepare for this Assignment:

    · Read Chapter 7 in the Aamodt textbook,
    _Industrial/Organizational Psychology: An Applied Approach_. Review the process for evaluating employee performance.

    · Review Chapter 23, focusing on pages 527-528, in
    _The SAGE Handbook_ and the article, “Talent Management: Conceptual Approaches and Practical Challenges.” Pay particular attention to considerations related to the development and performance management of talented employees.

    · Read Chapter 3, focusing on pages 56-57, in
    _The SAGE Handbook_. Consider how you might incorporate the performance dimensions, Creative and Innovative Performance (CIP) and Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWB), into a performance appraisal for your Talent Management Plan. Also consider how cognitive ability and personality (e.g., conscientiousness) are related to these dimensions and may help you identify high-potential employees.

    · Revisit the information presented about Webuttik in this week’s media. This time, examine the strengths and limitations of the organization’s current approaches to the development and performance management of employees.

    · Think about how you might apply what you have learned about needs analysis, training design, and performance management to help the Webuttik organization identify and address gaps in performance and identify top performers who could fill managerial positions.

    Resources

    [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    **Needs Analysis and Training**

    · Campbell, J., Kuncel, N., & Kostal, J. (2018). Training and learning in work roles. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi5050.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 533-610). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 19, Focus on pages 539-549

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    · Bell, B., & Moore, O. (2018). Learning, training and development in organizations: emerging trends, recent advances, and future directions. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol2%2Fi2200.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 215-233). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 10, Focus on pages 215-218

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 30 minutes

    · Noe, R. A., Clarke, A. D., & Klein, H. J. (2014). Learning in the twenty-first-century workplace.
    [_Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational BehaviorLinks to an external site._](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091321?) _, 1_(1), 245–275

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    **Talent Management and Performance Appraisal**

    · Aamodt, M. (2016).
    _Industrial/organizational psychology: An applied approach_ (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

    · Chapter 7, “Evaluating Employee Performance” (pp. 233–267 only)

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 65 minutes

    · Harari, M., & Viswesvaran, C. (2018). Individual job performance. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.), The SAGE
    [handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychologyLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi687.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 55-72). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 3, Focus on pages 56-57

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 20 minutes

    · Meyers, M., & Paauwe, J. (2018). Talent management. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol3%2Fi5125.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 517-544). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** You were first introduced to this
    **Chapter 23** reading in Week 2. Review again for this week. Focus on pages 527-528.

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 15 minutes

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    Walden University, LLC. (2019).
    [Talent management plan: WebbutikLinks to an external site.](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/IPSY/6200/Webbutik/index.html) [CDN media file]. Walden University Blackboard.
    [https://waldenu.instructure.com](https://waldenu.instructure.com/)

    INSTRUCTIONS: Submit a 2–3-page paper that addresses the following questions. Your paper should follow APA style, be double-spaced with one-inch margins, and include a title page and reference list.

    · Describe one approach for conducting a needs analysis and the degree to which the approach might be useful to consider when developing a Talent Management Plan for Webuttik.

    · Describe one approach or model for conducting training and development of employees, and explain the degree to which the approach or model might be useful to consider when developing a Talent Management Plan for Webuttik.

    · Describe one approach or model for performance management and the degree to which the approach or model might be useful to consider when developing a Talent Management Plan for Webuttik.

    **_Note:_** _You will use this Assignment, as well as feedback you receive from your Instructor, to complete a Talent Management Plan due by_
    _**Day 7 of Week 4**._

    **## Week3.DiscussionOne.DiscoveringKeyConceptsinScholarlyWriting.docx**

    Foundations: Week three. Discussion One. Discovering Key Concepts in Scholarly Writing

    Discovering Key Concepts in Scholarly Writing

    Learning Resources

    This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week's assigned Learning Resources.

    [Required Resources](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=7041806)

    Readings

    · Walden University. (2015h).
    [Online Writing CenterLinks to an external site.](http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/home). Retrieved from
    [http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/homeLinks to an external site.](http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/home)

    This web page provides information about the resources available to you through the Writing Center.

    · Walden University Student Affairs. (n.d.-b).
    [Academic integrity: SafeAssign & TurnitinLinks to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/studentaffairs/academicintegrity/safe-assign-turn-it-in). Retrieved from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/studentaffairs/academicintegrity/safe-assign-turn-it-in

    · Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.-c).
    [Using evidence: Effective paraphrasing strategiesLinks to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective). Retrieved from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective#s-lg-box-2832443

    · Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.-d).
    [_Using evidence: Paraphrase_ Links to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase). https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase

    ·
    **Document:** [Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Finding a Scholarly Voice (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802932?wrap=1) [Download Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Finding a Scholarly Voice (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802932/download?download_frd=1)

    These Study Notes will help reinforce the information presented in the media and enrich your understanding of how to find your scholarly voice.

    ·
    **Document:** [Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Purpose, Audience, and Evidence (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802804?wrap=1) [Download Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Purpose, Audience, and Evidence (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802804/download?download_frd=1)

    Purpose, audience, and evidence are three important topics a scholar-practitioner needs to keep in mind when writing. These Study Notes will help to reinforce the information presented in the media and enrich your understanding of scholarly writing.

    **Articles for Discussion**

    · Gallant, F., Thibault, V., Hebert, J., Gunnell, K. E., & Bélanger, M. (2020).
    [One size does not fit all: Identifying clusters of physical activity, screen time, and sleep behaviour co-development from childhood to adolescenceLinks to an external site.](https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-020-00964-1).
    _The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(_ 58). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00964-1

    · Stein, R., & Albritton, K. (2022).
    [Early childhood-focused training in school psychologyLinks to an external site.](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2020-64824-001&site=eds-live&scope=site&authtype=shib&custid=s6527200).
    _Training and Education in Professional Psychology_,
    _16_(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000350

    · Valsiner, J. (2019).
    [Culture & psychology: 25 constructive yearsLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1354067X19872358).
    _Culture & Psychology, 25_(4), 429–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X198723

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=7041806)

    · Walden University, LLC. (Producer). (2012a).
    [_Introduction to scholarly writing: Purpose, audience, and evidence_ Links to an external site.](https://class.waldenu.edu/) [Video file]. Retrieved from
    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/](https://waldenu.instructure.com/)

    **Media Transcript:** We all have experience writing emails to family or friends worth memos, perhaps even a fictional short story or sprint. As different as they may seem. All of these share something in common. They're written with a purpose and audience in mind. Scholarly writing is written with a purpose and audience in mind as well. But there is one great distinction. Scholarly writing must include evidence. Scholarly writing is material written for a specific purpose to specific audience. It's based on evidence, not assumptions or opinions. It's objective in tone, and the writing is clear, concise, and mechanically correct. Scholarly writing is a way to demonstrate to your academic audience what you've learned about a topic. At Walden University, your audience is comprised of informed readers with high expectations, eager to provide you with tools and feedback to help you learn. They are your faculty, staff and classmates, and all are members of the larger scholarly community. They are critical readers who expect writers to be objective with the words they use and the ideas they present. A challenge new students encounter is the ability to examine evidence objectively without making assumptions. Look at this example. What can we say about this image from an objective, evidence-based perspective? It's day time. The man is wearing a suit. The wedding ring suggests the woman is married. She looks approximately 30 years old. They're both looking at a computer screen. Now use your imagination. Can you make assumptions about the relationship between these two people are what they might be doing. Perhaps he's her boss and he's in charge, or he's teaching or something, or perhaps their colleagues. Now in this next image, does it seem that the woman could be his boss? Clearly, we need to know much more to accurately state what's happening in these photos. We need evidence. This is the important taskof scholarly writing. Not to take anything for granted or to make assumptions, but to use evidence. It's not always easy. It's natural that bring experience and frame of reference to everything we do. But successful scholarly writing requires researching and presenting information objective lead to an academic audience. And the purpose of scholarly writing is to uncover and present evidence that will reveal a truth. So opinion doesn't have a place in scholarly writing. But what about extensive personal experience? Does that count toward producing evidence-based writing? Look at these statements. Experience can inform your viewpoint and fuel your passion toward a subject. But you must remember that experience can also filter your perspective. So even with years of professional experience, it's important as a scholar practitioner to remain unbiased and even to question your own assumptions. Use only evidence-based research and dialogue with other scholars to uncover the objective truth of your topic. Finally, scholarly writing requires practice. Remember to keep your academic audience in mind. Stay focused on the purpose of your writing and always use evidence-based research. Remember to utilize your Walden faculty and Writing Center staff as well. They are here to help you. Good luck in your degree program.

    **Note:** The approximate length of this media is 4 minutes.

    Learning to be a scholarly writer will enhance your writing skills and increase your ability to succeed as an online learner as well as in your professional life. This media will introduce you to the key concepts of scholarly writing.

    Walden University Writing Center. (2020a).
    [_Paraphrasing sources: Paraphrasing strategies video_ Links to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective#s-lg-box-10514308

    **Note**: The approximate length of this media is 3 minutes.

    INSTRUCTIONS: Post a description of the four key concepts (purpose, audience, presence of bias, and quality of evidence) of scholarly writing as they relate to the article you chose. Further explain why you believe these concepts are important to writing and communication in the field of psychology. Include at least one example to illustrate one of the concepts.

    **Week3.Assignment.Paraphrasing.PuttingItIntoYourOwnWords.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/week3-assignment-paraphrasing-puttingitintoyourownwords-docx)

    **Week3.Assignment.Paraphrasing.PuttingItIntoYourOwnWords.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/week3-assignment-paraphrasing-puttingitintoyourownwords-docx)

    **## Week3.Discussion.NeedsAnalysisTraining.docx**

    wEEK3. dISCUSSION. NEEDS ANALYSIS TRAINING

    Before designing any training program, it is important conduct a needs analysis first. A needs analysis is the process of identifying performance gaps to determine targeted training needs. You can identify performance gaps by comparing the desired performance (i.e., KSAs, departmental and organizational goals) with actual performance (i.e., performance appraisal results and metrics). It is important to keep in mind that training may not always be the best solution for performance gaps. Sometimes performance gaps occur for reasons other than a lack of knowledge or skills, such as unrealistic expectations, excessive workloads, or low employee motivation.

    Last week, you identified and rank-ordered KSAs for a current or previous job. For this Discussion, you will identify two of the three KSAs in which there might be a performance gap and the level of performance required for each (e.g., entry, intermediate, or advanced). Then you will choose a training design that would help employees achieve the KSAs at the requisite level.

    To prepare for this Discussion:

    · Identify two of the three KSAs from the Week 2 Discussion and the level of performance required for each (e.g., entry, intermediate, or advanced).

    · Review Chapter 19, focusing on pages 539–549, in Volume 1 of
    _The SAGE Handbook_. Pay particular attention to the training models and consider which model(s) might apply to the KSAs you identified.

    · Review Chapter 10, focusing on pages 215–218, in Volume 2 of
    _The SAGE Handbook_ and the article, “Learning in the Twenty-First-Century Workplace.” Think about which design elements might be most useful to incorporate into training for the KSAs you identified, and why.

    Resources

    [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    **Needs Analysis and Training**

    · Campbell, J., Kuncel, N., & Kostal, J. (2018). Training and learning in work roles. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi5050.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 533-610). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 19, Focus on pages 539-549

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    · Bell, B., & Moore, O. (2018). Learning, training and development in organizations: emerging trends, recent advances, and future directions. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol2%2Fi2200.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 215-233). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 10, Focus on pages 215-218

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 30 minutes

    · Noe, R. A., Clarke, A. D., & Klein, H. J. (2014). Learning in the twenty-first-century workplace.
    [_Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational BehaviorLinks to an external site._](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091321?) _, 1_(1), 245–275

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    **Talent Management and Performance Appraisal**

    · Aamodt, M. (2016).
    _Industrial/organizational psychology: An applied approach_ (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

    · Chapter 7, “Evaluating Employee Performance” (pp. 233–267 only)

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 65 minutes

    · Harari, M., & Viswesvaran, C. (2018). Individual job performance. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.), The SAGE
    [handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychologyLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi687.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 55-72). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 3, Focus on pages 56-57

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 20 minutes

    · Meyers, M., & Paauwe, J. (2018). Talent management. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol3%2Fi5125.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 517-544). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** You were first introduced to this
    **Chapter 23** reading in Week 2. Review again for this week. Focus on pages 527-528.

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 15 minutes

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    · Walden University, LLC. (2019).
    [_Talent management plan: Webbutik_ Links to an external site.](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/IPSY/6200/Webbutik/index.html) [CDN media file]. Walden University Blackboard. https://waldenu.instructure.com

    INSTRUCTIONS: Post a response to the following:

    · 1. Briefly define the KSAs you selected and the level of performance required for each. 2. Then describe the training design you would use to ensure that employees achieve the KSAs at the requisite level, and why. 3. Be sure to include specific aspects of the training design you would offer.

    **## Week3.Assignment.TalentManagmentPlan.DevelopingTalentedEmployees.docx**

    Talent Management Plan – Developing Talented Employees

    Performance management is the process of assessing employee performance and delivering targeted feedback for improvement. Performance appraisals are conducted periodically to measure employee performance against specific criteria, often based on KSAs and individual, department, and organizational goals. In the context of talent management, performance appraisals can be used to identify top-performing employees and high-potential employees who could be developed to fill upper-level roles in the organization. For instance, some organizations use performance appraisals to identify the top 5% or 10% of performers in a given job position and “groom” those employees for advanced positions. However, high performance in one job does not necessarily translate to high performance in a different job; therefore, many organizations will use a combination of performance appraisals and recommendations from supervisors to identify employees who may be successful in a different job.

    For this Assignment, you will continue to work towards completing your Talent Management Plan that is due by Day 7 of Week 4. Last week, you considered how you might apply what you have learned about job analysis, KSAs, and assessment to the selection and identification of talented candidates. This week you will apply what you have learned about needs analysis and training to the development of talented employees. You will also consider how a new topic, performance management, can also be used to develop talented employees.

    To Prepare for this Assignment:

    · Read Chapter 7 in the Aamodt textbook,
    _Industrial/Organizational Psychology: An Applied Approach_. Review the process for evaluating employee performance.

    · Review Chapter 23, focusing on pages 527-528, in
    _The SAGE Handbook_ and the article, “Talent Management: Conceptual Approaches and Practical Challenges.” Pay particular attention to considerations related to the development and performance management of talented employees.

    · Read Chapter 3, focusing on pages 56-57, in
    _The SAGE Handbook_. Consider how you might incorporate the performance dimensions, Creative and Innovative Performance (CIP) and Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWB), into a performance appraisal for your Talent Management Plan. Also consider how cognitive ability and personality (e.g., conscientiousness) are related to these dimensions and may help you identify high-potential employees.

    · Revisit the information presented about Webuttik in this week’s media. This time, examine the strengths and limitations of the organization’s current approaches to the development and performance management of employees.

    · Think about how you might apply what you have learned about needs analysis, training design, and performance management to help the Webuttik organization identify and address gaps in performance and identify top performers who could fill managerial positions.

    Resources

    [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    **Needs Analysis and Training**

    · Campbell, J., Kuncel, N., & Kostal, J. (2018). Training and learning in work roles. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi5050.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 533-610). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 19, Focus on pages 539-549

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    · Bell, B., & Moore, O. (2018). Learning, training and development in organizations: emerging trends, recent advances, and future directions. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol2%2Fi2200.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 215-233). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 10, Focus on pages 215-218

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 30 minutes

    · Noe, R. A., Clarke, A. D., & Klein, H. J. (2014). Learning in the twenty-first-century workplace.
    [_Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational BehaviorLinks to an external site._](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091321?) _, 1_(1), 245–275

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    **Talent Management and Performance Appraisal**

    · Aamodt, M. (2016).
    _Industrial/organizational psychology: An applied approach_ (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

    · Chapter 7, “Evaluating Employee Performance” (pp. 233–267 only)

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 65 minutes

    · Harari, M., & Viswesvaran, C. (2018). Individual job performance. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.), The SAGE
    [handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychologyLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi687.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 55-72). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 3, Focus on pages 56-57

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 20 minutes

    · Meyers, M., & Paauwe, J. (2018). Talent management. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol3%2Fi5125.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 517-544). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** You were first introduced to this
    **Chapter 23** reading in Week 2. Review again for this week. Focus on pages 527-528.

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 15 minutes

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    Walden University, LLC. (2019).
    [Talent management plan: WebbutikLinks to an external site.](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/IPSY/6200/Webbutik/index.html) [CDN media file]. Walden University Blackboard.
    [https://waldenu.instructure.com](https://waldenu.instructure.com/)

    INSTRUCTIONS: Submit a 2–3-page paper that addresses the following questions. Your paper should follow APA style, be double-spaced with one-inch margins, and include a title page and reference list.

    · Describe one approach for conducting a needs analysis and the degree to which the approach might be useful to consider when developing a Talent Management Plan for Webuttik.

    · Describe one approach or model for conducting training and development of employees, and explain the degree to which the approach or model might be useful to consider when developing a Talent Management Plan for Webuttik.

    · Describe one approach or model for performance management and the degree to which the approach or model might be useful to consider when developing a Talent Management Plan for Webuttik.

    **_Note:_** _You will use this Assignment, as well as feedback you receive from your Instructor, to complete a Talent Management Plan due by_
    _**Day 7 of Week 4**._

    **## Week3.DiscussionOne.DiscoveringKeyConceptsinScholarlyWriting.docx**

    Foundations: Week three. Discussion One. Discovering Key Concepts in Scholarly Writing

    Discovering Key Concepts in Scholarly Writing

    Learning Resources

    This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week's assigned Learning Resources.

    [Required Resources](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=7041806)

    Readings

    · Walden University. (2015h).
    [Online Writing CenterLinks to an external site.](http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/home). Retrieved from
    [http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/homeLinks to an external site.](http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/home)

    This web page provides information about the resources available to you through the Writing Center.

    · Walden University Student Affairs. (n.d.-b).
    [Academic integrity: SafeAssign & TurnitinLinks to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/studentaffairs/academicintegrity/safe-assign-turn-it-in). Retrieved from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/studentaffairs/academicintegrity/safe-assign-turn-it-in

    · Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.-c).
    [Using evidence: Effective paraphrasing strategiesLinks to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective). Retrieved from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective#s-lg-box-2832443

    · Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.-d).
    [_Using evidence: Paraphrase_ Links to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase). https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase

    ·
    **Document:** [Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Finding a Scholarly Voice (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802932?wrap=1) [Download Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Finding a Scholarly Voice (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802932/download?download_frd=1)

    These Study Notes will help reinforce the information presented in the media and enrich your understanding of how to find your scholarly voice.

    ·
    **Document:** [Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Purpose, Audience, and Evidence (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802804?wrap=1) [Download Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Purpose, Audience, and Evidence (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802804/download?download_frd=1)

    Purpose, audience, and evidence are three important topics a scholar-practitioner needs to keep in mind when writing. These Study Notes will help to reinforce the information presented in the media and enrich your understanding of scholarly writing.

    **Articles for Discussion**

    · Gallant, F., Thibault, V., Hebert, J., Gunnell, K. E., & Bélanger, M. (2020).
    [One size does not fit all: Identifying clusters of physical activity, screen time, and sleep behaviour co-development from childhood to adolescenceLinks to an external site.](https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-020-00964-1).
    _The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(_ 58). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00964-1

    · Stein, R., & Albritton, K. (2022).
    [Early childhood-focused training in school psychologyLinks to an external site.](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2020-64824-001&site=eds-live&scope=site&authtype=shib&custid=s6527200).
    _Training and Education in Professional Psychology_,
    _16_(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000350

    · Valsiner, J. (2019).
    [Culture & psychology: 25 constructive yearsLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1354067X19872358).
    _Culture & Psychology, 25_(4), 429–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X198723

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=7041806)

    · Walden University, LLC. (Producer). (2012a).
    [_Introduction to scholarly writing: Purpose, audience, and evidence_ Links to an external site.](https://class.waldenu.edu/) [Video file]. Retrieved from
    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/](https://waldenu.instructure.com/)

    **Media Transcript:** We all have experience writing emails to family or friends worth memos, perhaps even a fictional short story or sprint. As different as they may seem. All of these share something in common. They're written with a purpose and audience in mind. Scholarly writing is written with a purpose and audience in mind as well. But there is one great distinction. Scholarly writing must include evidence. Scholarly writing is material written for a specific purpose to specific audience. It's based on evidence, not assumptions or opinions. It's objective in tone, and the writing is clear, concise, and mechanically correct. Scholarly writing is a way to demonstrate to your academic audience what you've learned about a topic. At Walden University, your audience is comprised of informed readers with high expectations, eager to provide you with tools and feedback to help you learn. They are your faculty, staff and classmates, and all are members of the larger scholarly community. They are critical readers who expect writers to be objective with the words they use and the ideas they present. A challenge new students encounter is the ability to examine evidence objectively without making assumptions. Look at this example. What can we say about this image from an objective, evidence-based perspective? It's day time. The man is wearing a suit. The wedding ring suggests the woman is married. She looks approximately 30 years old. They're both looking at a computer screen. Now use your imagination. Can you make assumptions about the relationship between these two people are what they might be doing. Perhaps he's her boss and he's in charge, or he's teaching or something, or perhaps their colleagues. Now in this next image, does it seem that the woman could be his boss? Clearly, we need to know much more to accurately state what's happening in these photos. We need evidence. This is the important taskof scholarly writing. Not to take anything for granted or to make assumptions, but to use evidence. It's not always easy. It's natural that bring experience and frame of reference to everything we do. But successful scholarly writing requires researching and presenting information objective lead to an academic audience. And the purpose of scholarly writing is to uncover and present evidence that will reveal a truth. So opinion doesn't have a place in scholarly writing. But what about extensive personal experience? Does that count toward producing evidence-based writing? Look at these statements. Experience can inform your viewpoint and fuel your passion toward a subject. But you must remember that experience can also filter your perspective. So even with years of professional experience, it's important as a scholar practitioner to remain unbiased and even to question your own assumptions. Use only evidence-based research and dialogue with other scholars to uncover the objective truth of your topic. Finally, scholarly writing requires practice. Remember to keep your academic audience in mind. Stay focused on the purpose of your writing and always use evidence-based research. Remember to utilize your Walden faculty and Writing Center staff as well. They are here to help you. Good luck in your degree program.

    **Note:** The approximate length of this media is 4 minutes.

    Learning to be a scholarly writer will enhance your writing skills and increase your ability to succeed as an online learner as well as in your professional life. This media will introduce you to the key concepts of scholarly writing.

    Walden University Writing Center. (2020a).
    [_Paraphrasing sources: Paraphrasing strategies video_ Links to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective#s-lg-box-10514308

    **Note**: The approximate length of this media is 3 minutes.

    INSTRUCTIONS: Post a description of the four key concepts (purpose, audience, presence of bias, and quality of evidence) of scholarly writing as they relate to the article you chose. Further explain why you believe these concepts are important to writing and communication in the field of psychology. Include at least one example to illustrate one of the concepts.

    **Week3.Assignment.Paraphrasing.PuttingItIntoYourOwnWords.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/week3-assignment-paraphrasing-puttingitintoyourownwords-docx)

    **## Week3.Discussion.NeedsAnalysisTraining.docx**

    wEEK3. dISCUSSION. NEEDS ANALYSIS TRAINING

    Before designing any training program, it is important conduct a needs analysis first. A needs analysis is the process of identifying performance gaps to determine targeted training needs. You can identify performance gaps by comparing the desired performance (i.e., KSAs, departmental and organizational goals) with actual performance (i.e., performance appraisal results and metrics). It is important to keep in mind that training may not always be the best solution for performance gaps. Sometimes performance gaps occur for reasons other than a lack of knowledge or skills, such as unrealistic expectations, excessive workloads, or low employee motivation.

    Last week, you identified and rank-ordered KSAs for a current or previous job. For this Discussion, you will identify two of the three KSAs in which there might be a performance gap and the level of performance required for each (e.g., entry, intermediate, or advanced). Then you will choose a training design that would help employees achieve the KSAs at the requisite level.

    To prepare for this Discussion:

    · Identify two of the three KSAs from the Week 2 Discussion and the level of performance required for each (e.g., entry, intermediate, or advanced).

    · Review Chapter 19, focusing on pages 539–549, in Volume 1 of
    _The SAGE Handbook_. Pay particular attention to the training models and consider which model(s) might apply to the KSAs you identified.

    · Review Chapter 10, focusing on pages 215–218, in Volume 2 of
    _The SAGE Handbook_ and the article, “Learning in the Twenty-First-Century Workplace.” Think about which design elements might be most useful to incorporate into training for the KSAs you identified, and why.

    Resources

    [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    **Needs Analysis and Training**

    · Campbell, J., Kuncel, N., & Kostal, J. (2018). Training and learning in work roles. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi5050.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 533-610). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 19, Focus on pages 539-549

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    · Bell, B., & Moore, O. (2018). Learning, training and development in organizations: emerging trends, recent advances, and future directions. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol2%2Fi2200.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 215-233). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 10, Focus on pages 215-218

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 30 minutes

    · Noe, R. A., Clarke, A. D., & Klein, H. J. (2014). Learning in the twenty-first-century workplace.
    [_Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational BehaviorLinks to an external site._](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091321?) _, 1_(1), 245–275

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    **Talent Management and Performance Appraisal**

    · Aamodt, M. (2016).
    _Industrial/organizational psychology: An applied approach_ (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

    · Chapter 7, “Evaluating Employee Performance” (pp. 233–267 only)

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 65 minutes

    · Harari, M., & Viswesvaran, C. (2018). Individual job performance. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.), The SAGE
    [handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychologyLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi687.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 55-72). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 3, Focus on pages 56-57

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 20 minutes

    · Meyers, M., & Paauwe, J. (2018). Talent management. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol3%2Fi5125.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 517-544). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** You were first introduced to this
    **Chapter 23** reading in Week 2. Review again for this week. Focus on pages 527-528.

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 15 minutes

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    · Walden University, LLC. (2019).
    [_Talent management plan: Webbutik_ Links to an external site.](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/IPSY/6200/Webbutik/index.html) [CDN media file]. Walden University Blackboard. https://waldenu.instructure.com

    INSTRUCTIONS: Post a response to the following:

    · 1. Briefly define the KSAs you selected and the level of performance required for each. 2. Then describe the training design you would use to ensure that employees achieve the KSAs at the requisite level, and why. 3. Be sure to include specific aspects of the training design you would offer.

    **## Week3.Assignment.TalentManagmentPlan.DevelopingTalentedEmployees.docx**

    Talent Management Plan – Developing Talented Employees

    Performance management is the process of assessing employee performance and delivering targeted feedback for improvement. Performance appraisals are conducted periodically to measure employee performance against specific criteria, often based on KSAs and individual, department, and organizational goals. In the context of talent management, performance appraisals can be used to identify top-performing employees and high-potential employees who could be developed to fill upper-level roles in the organization. For instance, some organizations use performance appraisals to identify the top 5% or 10% of performers in a given job position and “groom” those employees for advanced positions. However, high performance in one job does not necessarily translate to high performance in a different job; therefore, many organizations will use a combination of performance appraisals and recommendations from supervisors to identify employees who may be successful in a different job.

    For this Assignment, you will continue to work towards completing your Talent Management Plan that is due by Day 7 of Week 4. Last week, you considered how you might apply what you have learned about job analysis, KSAs, and assessment to the selection and identification of talented candidates. This week you will apply what you have learned about needs analysis and training to the development of talented employees. You will also consider how a new topic, performance management, can also be used to develop talented employees.

    To Prepare for this Assignment:

    · Read Chapter 7 in the Aamodt textbook,
    _Industrial/Organizational Psychology: An Applied Approach_. Review the process for evaluating employee performance.

    · Review Chapter 23, focusing on pages 527-528, in
    _The SAGE Handbook_ and the article, “Talent Management: Conceptual Approaches and Practical Challenges.” Pay particular attention to considerations related to the development and performance management of talented employees.

    · Read Chapter 3, focusing on pages 56-57, in
    _The SAGE Handbook_. Consider how you might incorporate the performance dimensions, Creative and Innovative Performance (CIP) and Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWB), into a performance appraisal for your Talent Management Plan. Also consider how cognitive ability and personality (e.g., conscientiousness) are related to these dimensions and may help you identify high-potential employees.

    · Revisit the information presented about Webuttik in this week’s media. This time, examine the strengths and limitations of the organization’s current approaches to the development and performance management of employees.

    · Think about how you might apply what you have learned about needs analysis, training design, and performance management to help the Webuttik organization identify and address gaps in performance and identify top performers who could fill managerial positions.

    Resources

    [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    **Needs Analysis and Training**

    · Campbell, J., Kuncel, N., & Kostal, J. (2018). Training and learning in work roles. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi5050.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 533-610). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 19, Focus on pages 539-549

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    · Bell, B., & Moore, O. (2018). Learning, training and development in organizations: emerging trends, recent advances, and future directions. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol2%2Fi2200.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 215-233). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 10, Focus on pages 215-218

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 30 minutes

    · Noe, R. A., Clarke, A. D., & Klein, H. J. (2014). Learning in the twenty-first-century workplace.
    [_Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational BehaviorLinks to an external site._](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091321?) _, 1_(1), 245–275

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 60 minutes

    **Talent Management and Performance Appraisal**

    · Aamodt, M. (2016).
    _Industrial/organizational psychology: An applied approach_ (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

    · Chapter 7, “Evaluating Employee Performance” (pp. 233–267 only)

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 65 minutes

    · Harari, M., & Viswesvaran, C. (2018). Individual job performance. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.), The SAGE
    [handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychologyLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol1%2Fi687.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 55-72). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** Chapter 3, Focus on pages 56-57

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 20 minutes

    · Meyers, M., & Paauwe, J. (2018). Talent management. In D. S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H. K. Sinangil (Eds.),
    [_The SAGE handbook of industrial, work, and organizational psychology_ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fthe-sage-handbook-of-industrial-work-and-org-psychology-vol3%2Fi5125.xml) (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 517-544). London, UK: SAGE Publications, Ltd.

    ·
    **Note:** You were first introduced to this
    **Chapter 23** reading in Week 2. Review again for this week. Focus on pages 527-528.

    ·
    **Time Estimate:** 15 minutes

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/172288/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=6928770)

    Walden University, LLC. (2019).
    [Talent management plan: WebbutikLinks to an external site.](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/IPSY/6200/Webbutik/index.html) [CDN media file]. Walden University Blackboard.
    [https://waldenu.instructure.com](https://waldenu.instructure.com/)

    INSTRUCTIONS: Submit a 2–3-page paper that addresses the following questions. Your paper should follow APA style, be double-spaced with one-inch margins, and include a title page and reference list.

    · Describe one approach for conducting a needs analysis and the degree to which the approach might be useful to consider when developing a Talent Management Plan for Webuttik.

    · Describe one approach or model for conducting training and development of employees, and explain the degree to which the approach or model might be useful to consider when developing a Talent Management Plan for Webuttik.

    · Describe one approach or model for performance management and the degree to which the approach or model might be useful to consider when developing a Talent Management Plan for Webuttik.

    **_Note:_** _You will use this Assignment, as well as feedback you receive from your Instructor, to complete a Talent Management Plan due by_
    _**Day 7 of Week 4**._

    **## Week3.DiscussionOne.DiscoveringKeyConceptsinScholarlyWriting.docx**

    Foundations: Week three. Discussion One. Discovering Key Concepts in Scholarly Writing

    Discovering Key Concepts in Scholarly Writing

    Learning Resources

    This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week's assigned Learning Resources.

    [Required Resources](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=7041806)

    Readings

    · Walden University. (2015h).
    [Online Writing CenterLinks to an external site.](http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/home). Retrieved from
    [http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/homeLinks to an external site.](http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/home)

    This web page provides information about the resources available to you through the Writing Center.

    · Walden University Student Affairs. (n.d.-b).
    [Academic integrity: SafeAssign & TurnitinLinks to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/studentaffairs/academicintegrity/safe-assign-turn-it-in). Retrieved from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/studentaffairs/academicintegrity/safe-assign-turn-it-in

    · Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.-c).
    [Using evidence: Effective paraphrasing strategiesLinks to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective). Retrieved from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective#s-lg-box-2832443

    · Walden University Writing Center. (n.d.-d).
    [_Using evidence: Paraphrase_ Links to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase). https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase

    ·
    **Document:** [Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Finding a Scholarly Voice (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802932?wrap=1) [Download Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Finding a Scholarly Voice (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802932/download?download_frd=1)

    These Study Notes will help reinforce the information presented in the media and enrich your understanding of how to find your scholarly voice.

    ·
    **Document:** [Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Purpose, Audience, and Evidence (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802804?wrap=1) [Download Study Notes: Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Purpose, Audience, and Evidence (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/files/13802804/download?download_frd=1)

    Purpose, audience, and evidence are three important topics a scholar-practitioner needs to keep in mind when writing. These Study Notes will help to reinforce the information presented in the media and enrich your understanding of scholarly writing.

    **Articles for Discussion**

    · Gallant, F., Thibault, V., Hebert, J., Gunnell, K. E., & Bélanger, M. (2020).
    [One size does not fit all: Identifying clusters of physical activity, screen time, and sleep behaviour co-development from childhood to adolescenceLinks to an external site.](https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-020-00964-1).
    _The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(_ 58). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00964-1

    · Stein, R., & Albritton, K. (2022).
    [Early childhood-focused training in school psychologyLinks to an external site.](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2020-64824-001&site=eds-live&scope=site&authtype=shib&custid=s6527200).
    _Training and Education in Professional Psychology_,
    _16_(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000350

    · Valsiner, J. (2019).
    [Culture & psychology: 25 constructive yearsLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1354067X19872358).
    _Culture & Psychology, 25_(4), 429–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X198723

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/170669/pages/week-3-learning-resources?module_item_id=7041806)

    · Walden University, LLC. (Producer). (2012a).
    [_Introduction to scholarly writing: Purpose, audience, and evidence_ Links to an external site.](https://class.waldenu.edu/) [Video file]. Retrieved from
    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/](https://waldenu.instructure.com/)

    **Media Transcript:** We all have experience writing emails to family or friends worth memos, perhaps even a fictional short story or sprint. As different as they may seem. All of these share something in common. They're written with a purpose and audience in mind. Scholarly writing is written with a purpose and audience in mind as well. But there is one great distinction. Scholarly writing must include evidence. Scholarly writing is material written for a specific purpose to specific audience. It's based on evidence, not assumptions or opinions. It's objective in tone, and the writing is clear, concise, and mechanically correct. Scholarly writing is a way to demonstrate to your academic audience what you've learned about a topic. At Walden University, your audience is comprised of informed readers with high expectations, eager to provide you with tools and feedback to help you learn. They are your faculty, staff and classmates, and all are members of the larger scholarly community. They are critical readers who expect writers to be objective with the words they use and the ideas they present. A challenge new students encounter is the ability to examine evidence objectively without making assumptions. Look at this example. What can we say about this image from an objective, evidence-based perspective? It's day time. The man is wearing a suit. The wedding ring suggests the woman is married. She looks approximately 30 years old. They're both looking at a computer screen. Now use your imagination. Can you make assumptions about the relationship between these two people are what they might be doing. Perhaps he's her boss and he's in charge, or he's teaching or something, or perhaps their colleagues. Now in this next image, does it seem that the woman could be his boss? Clearly, we need to know much more to accurately state what's happening in these photos. We need evidence. This is the important taskof scholarly writing. Not to take anything for granted or to make assumptions, but to use evidence. It's not always easy. It's natural that bring experience and frame of reference to everything we do. But successful scholarly writing requires researching and presenting information objective lead to an academic audience. And the purpose of scholarly writing is to uncover and present evidence that will reveal a truth. So opinion doesn't have a place in scholarly writing. But what about extensive personal experience? Does that count toward producing evidence-based writing? Look at these statements. Experience can inform your viewpoint and fuel your passion toward a subject. But you must remember that experience can also filter your perspective. So even with years of professional experience, it's important as a scholar practitioner to remain unbiased and even to question your own assumptions. Use only evidence-based research and dialogue with other scholars to uncover the objective truth of your topic. Finally, scholarly writing requires practice. Remember to keep your academic audience in mind. Stay focused on the purpose of your writing and always use evidence-based research. Remember to utilize your Walden faculty and Writing Center staff as well. They are here to help you. Good luck in your degree program.

    **Note:** The approximate length of this media is 4 minutes.

    Learning to be a scholarly writer will enhance your writing skills and increase your ability to succeed as an online learner as well as in your professional life. This media will introduce you to the key concepts of scholarly writing.

    Walden University Writing Center. (2020a).
    [_Paraphrasing sources: Paraphrasing strategies video_ Links to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/evidence/paraphrase/effective#s-lg-box-10514308

    **Note**: The approximate length of this media is 3 minutes.

    INSTRUCTIONS: Post a description of the four key concepts (purpose, audience, presence of bias, and quality of evidence) of scholarly writing as they relate to the article you chose. Further explain why you believe these concepts are important to writing and communication in the field of psychology. Include at least one example to illustrate one of the concepts.

    **Week3.Assignment.Paraphrasing.PuttingItIntoYourOwnWords.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/week3-assignment-paraphrasing-puttingitintoyourownwords-docx)

    – 1
    – 2
    – 3
    – 4

  • [Solved] Article Review 2

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    Please see attached article and instructions – ## PY550ArticleReviewGuidlines2025.docx – ArticleforReview2.pdf **## PY550ArticleReviewGuidlines2025.docx** **PY 550 Article Review Guidelines** For this assignment, you are to write a scholarly/academic “critical review” for each of two journal article…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Please see attached article and instructions

    – ## PY550ArticleReviewGuidlines2025.docx

    – ArticleforReview2.pdf

    **## PY550ArticleReviewGuidlines2025.docx**

    **PY 550 Article Review Guidelines**

    For this assignment, you are to write a scholarly/academic “critical review” for each of two journal articles. The first article is provided in the assignment. The second article is to be chosen from one of those provided in the articles folder. Each review should be 3-4 pages in length (not including title and reference pages).

    Q: What is a critical review?

    A: The word “critical” does not mean to criticize negatively, but rather to thoughtfully evaluate the quality of the paper.

    **Structure of a Critical Review**

    The review will include
    _an introduction, summary, evaluation_, and
    _conclusion_. (plus title page and reference page)

    **Introduction**

    1. Introduce the author(s), title, and topic of the article.

    2. Make a brief statement about the purpose of the study and findings, or in the case of a conceptual/theoretical paper, the key arguments or propositions presented. Don’t go into detail here, you will do that in the summary

    3. Make a very brief statement that “previews” your evaluation/critique of the article.

    **Summary**

    In this section, your goal is to convey the content of the article in a very concise and unbiased manner. There should not be any critique in the summary. To write an accurate summary, you must read and seek to fully comprehend the entire paper so that you may summarize in your own words (i.e., paraphrase) in a way that accurately reflects that which you have read. After reading the paper, reflect on its purpose, main points, and conclusions. Determining the main points of the article can sometimes be challenging. As you read, it may serve you well to create an outline of the article. Two very important guidelines are relevant to writing the summary.

    1. Many of us were taught that paraphrasing involves rearranging or replacing a few words from the source text so that you make the same statement using slightly different words. This is in fact, NOT proper paraphrasing. This is inadequate, and is actually a form of plagiarism. Please see the APA publication manual for guidance on paraphrasing and avoiding plagiarism.

    2. Also, as a rule, you should avoid using word for word passages from the source text. This rule can occasionally be broken when the author has made a statement in such a way that to paraphrase would substantially lower its impact. Any word for word passage should be put in quotation marks, of course.

    **Evaluation**

    Think of this section as the critique. This will be the longest section of your paper. Here, you’ll discuss strengths, weaknesses, and the most notable, interesting, or controversial points. Your discussion should be well reasoned and not simple opinion with nothing to back it up. It is also better to avoid statements such as “I believe,” “I think,” and “Personally…” You may certainly believe something to be true and of course you have an opinion, however it is better not to use an “I believe” statement. Simply begin stating the arguments or facts upon which your opinion is based. There are many alternative phrases that work well, such as “Based on ________, it could be argued that _______.” Also, where needed, consider citing other sources to help bolster your commentary. This is useful for both disputing/questioning and supporting claims made in the article you are evaluating.

    The overall structure of the evaluation/critique portion of your paper is a matter of preference and will differ according to what works best for the type of article you are reviewing. However, in every case, there should be a structure. In other words, your writing shouldn’t jump around with disconnected, rambling ideas and statements. There should be a flow that makes it coherent.

    Here are some suggestions for structure.

    · Order your commentary about the paper according to importance of each point or topic. This can be done either from most important to least important or reversed, i.e., from least important to most important.

    · If your evaluation is more positive than negative, present the negative points first and the positive last. Likewise, if there is more negative than positive, then present the positive points first and the negative last. Doing this will provide an easy transition to your conclusion.

    **Conclusion**

    This is a fairly short paragraph.

    Restate your claims (above), but don’t be redundant. Restating doesn’t mean repeating the exact statements that you have already made. Think of this as a super concise summary of your evaluation section.

    End with possible recommendations.

    **References**

    List all sources used in the review. If no other sources are cited, then only the article you reviewed will be in the reference page.

    **ArticleforReview2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/articleforreview2-pdf-10316815)

    **ArticleforReview2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/articleforreview2-pdf-10316815)

    **## PY550ArticleReviewGuidlines2025.docx**

    **PY 550 Article Review Guidelines**

    For this assignment, you are to write a scholarly/academic “critical review” for each of two journal articles. The first article is provided in the assignment. The second article is to be chosen from one of those provided in the articles folder. Each review should be 3-4 pages in length (not including title and reference pages).

    Q: What is a critical review?

    A: The word “critical” does not mean to criticize negatively, but rather to thoughtfully evaluate the quality of the paper.

    **Structure of a Critical Review**

    The review will include
    _an introduction, summary, evaluation_, and
    _conclusion_. (plus title page and reference page)

    **Introduction**

    1. Introduce the author(s), title, and topic of the article.

    2. Make a brief statement about the purpose of the study and findings, or in the case of a conceptual/theoretical paper, the key arguments or propositions presented. Don’t go into detail here, you will do that in the summary

    3. Make a very brief statement that “previews” your evaluation/critique of the article.

    **Summary**

    In this section, your goal is to convey the content of the article in a very concise and unbiased manner. There should not be any critique in the summary. To write an accurate summary, you must read and seek to fully comprehend the entire paper so that you may summarize in your own words (i.e., paraphrase) in a way that accurately reflects that which you have read. After reading the paper, reflect on its purpose, main points, and conclusions. Determining the main points of the article can sometimes be challenging. As you read, it may serve you well to create an outline of the article. Two very important guidelines are relevant to writing the summary.

    1. Many of us were taught that paraphrasing involves rearranging or replacing a few words from the source text so that you make the same statement using slightly different words. This is in fact, NOT proper paraphrasing. This is inadequate, and is actually a form of plagiarism. Please see the APA publication manual for guidance on paraphrasing and avoiding plagiarism.

    2. Also, as a rule, you should avoid using word for word passages from the source text. This rule can occasionally be broken when the author has made a statement in such a way that to paraphrase would substantially lower its impact. Any word for word passage should be put in quotation marks, of course.

    **Evaluation**

    Think of this section as the critique. This will be the longest section of your paper. Here, you’ll discuss strengths, weaknesses, and the most notable, interesting, or controversial points. Your discussion should be well reasoned and not simple opinion with nothing to back it up. It is also better to avoid statements such as “I believe,” “I think,” and “Personally…” You may certainly believe something to be true and of course you have an opinion, however it is better not to use an “I believe” statement. Simply begin stating the arguments or facts upon which your opinion is based. There are many alternative phrases that work well, such as “Based on ________, it could be argued that _______.” Also, where needed, consider citing other sources to help bolster your commentary. This is useful for both disputing/questioning and supporting claims made in the article you are evaluating.

    The overall structure of the evaluation/critique portion of your paper is a matter of preference and will differ according to what works best for the type of article you are reviewing. However, in every case, there should be a structure. In other words, your writing shouldn’t jump around with disconnected, rambling ideas and statements. There should be a flow that makes it coherent.

    Here are some suggestions for structure.

    · Order your commentary about the paper according to importance of each point or topic. This can be done either from most important to least important or reversed, i.e., from least important to most important.

    · If your evaluation is more positive than negative, present the negative points first and the positive last. Likewise, if there is more negative than positive, then present the positive points first and the negative last. Doing this will provide an easy transition to your conclusion.

    **Conclusion**

    This is a fairly short paragraph.

    Restate your claims (above), but don’t be redundant. Restating doesn’t mean repeating the exact statements that you have already made. Think of this as a super concise summary of your evaluation section.

    End with possible recommendations.

    **References**

    List all sources used in the review. If no other sources are cited, then only the article you reviewed will be in the reference page.

    **ArticleforReview2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/articleforreview2-pdf-10316815)

    **## PY550ArticleReviewGuidlines2025.docx**

    **PY 550 Article Review Guidelines**

    For this assignment, you are to write a scholarly/academic “critical review” for each of two journal articles. The first article is provided in the assignment. The second article is to be chosen from one of those provided in the articles folder. Each review should be 3-4 pages in length (not including title and reference pages).

    Q: What is a critical review?

    A: The word “critical” does not mean to criticize negatively, but rather to thoughtfully evaluate the quality of the paper.

    **Structure of a Critical Review**

    The review will include
    _an introduction, summary, evaluation_, and
    _conclusion_. (plus title page and reference page)

    **Introduction**

    1. Introduce the author(s), title, and topic of the article.

    2. Make a brief statement about the purpose of the study and findings, or in the case of a conceptual/theoretical paper, the key arguments or propositions presented. Don’t go into detail here, you will do that in the summary

    3. Make a very brief statement that “previews” your evaluation/critique of the article.

    **Summary**

    In this section, your goal is to convey the content of the article in a very concise and unbiased manner. There should not be any critique in the summary. To write an accurate summary, you must read and seek to fully comprehend the entire paper so that you may summarize in your own words (i.e., paraphrase) in a way that accurately reflects that which you have read. After reading the paper, reflect on its purpose, main points, and conclusions. Determining the main points of the article can sometimes be challenging. As you read, it may serve you well to create an outline of the article. Two very important guidelines are relevant to writing the summary.

    1. Many of us were taught that paraphrasing involves rearranging or replacing a few words from the source text so that you make the same statement using slightly different words. This is in fact, NOT proper paraphrasing. This is inadequate, and is actually a form of plagiarism. Please see the APA publication manual for guidance on paraphrasing and avoiding plagiarism.

    2. Also, as a rule, you should avoid using word for word passages from the source text. This rule can occasionally be broken when the author has made a statement in such a way that to paraphrase would substantially lower its impact. Any word for word passage should be put in quotation marks, of course.

    **Evaluation**

    Think of this section as the critique. This will be the longest section of your paper. Here, you’ll discuss strengths, weaknesses, and the most notable, interesting, or controversial points. Your discussion should be well reasoned and not simple opinion with nothing to back it up. It is also better to avoid statements such as “I believe,” “I think,” and “Personally…” You may certainly believe something to be true and of course you have an opinion, however it is better not to use an “I believe” statement. Simply begin stating the arguments or facts upon which your opinion is based. There are many alternative phrases that work well, such as “Based on ________, it could be argued that _______.” Also, where needed, consider citing other sources to help bolster your commentary. This is useful for both disputing/questioning and supporting claims made in the article you are evaluating.

    The overall structure of the evaluation/critique portion of your paper is a matter of preference and will differ according to what works best for the type of article you are reviewing. However, in every case, there should be a structure. In other words, your writing shouldn’t jump around with disconnected, rambling ideas and statements. There should be a flow that makes it coherent.

    Here are some suggestions for structure.

    · Order your commentary about the paper according to importance of each point or topic. This can be done either from most important to least important or reversed, i.e., from least important to most important.

    · If your evaluation is more positive than negative, present the negative points first and the positive last. Likewise, if there is more negative than positive, then present the positive points first and the negative last. Doing this will provide an easy transition to your conclusion.

    **Conclusion**

    This is a fairly short paragraph.

    Restate your claims (above), but don’t be redundant. Restating doesn’t mean repeating the exact statements that you have already made. Think of this as a super concise summary of your evaluation section.

    End with possible recommendations.

    **References**

    List all sources used in the review. If no other sources are cited, then only the article you reviewed will be in the reference page.

    **ArticleforReview2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/articleforreview2-pdf-10316815)

    – 1
    – 2

  • [Solved] Comparison of Theories

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    see attached instructions – ## ComparativeEssayInstructions.docx **## ComparativeEssayInstructions.docx** **Assignment 4: Personal/Comparative Essay** [Assignment 4: Personal/Comparative Essay](https://bb.uwa.edu/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_69163_1&content_id=_3958537_1&mod…

    Instant Solution Download

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    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

    Need a Fresh Custom Paper?

    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    see attached instructions

    – ## ComparativeEssayInstructions.docx

    **## ComparativeEssayInstructions.docx**

    **Assignment 4: Personal/Comparative Essay**

    [Assignment 4: Personal/Comparative Essay](https://bb.uwa.edu/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_69163_1&content_id=_3958537_1&mode=reset)

    This final writing assignment has two components.

    Part A: First, I'd like you to discuss your "
    _theoretical orientation."_ You might wonder what is meant by "theoretical orientation" — In a nutshell- it's the theory to which you find yourself oriented, i.e., the one you think stands above the others as most useful or valid.

    This task is
    _not_ about developing a theory of your own; it's about forming a sort of intellectual commitment to an existing theoretical framework and providing an explanation about why you endorse that theory.  Evaluation will not be based on which theory you choose. Please choose which appeals to you.

    Spend some time thinking about everything you've learned and consider one approach from the book that seems especially valid and/or useful to you.

    *Please assume the reader (your professor) is already quite knowledgeable about the theory.  Do not devote page space to summarizing the theory! Instead, focus on explaining why you are drawn to the theory, what aspects of the theory you agree with and especially why. Think about its explanatory or practical utility.

    Also examine any aspects of the theory you might disagree with, and why.

    *The key task is to present a coherent description of how
    _you've_ come to favor this theory as a result of
    _your_ personal experiences and/or worldview. Therefore, a first-person narrative style is recommended for this paper.

    Part B: The second component of this paper is to compare/contrast the theory you favor with any other theory. You may choose to select a comparison theory that has some shared features or one that is substantially different. Discuss possible applications of each theory, noting any specific situations in which the comparison theory may be more useful than your preferred theory.

    **Comparative Essay should be a 2-3 page paper in which you will choose the personality theory to which you ascribe the most value (i.e., your theoretical orientation), contrasting it with another theory.**

    **## ComparativeEssayInstructions.docx**

    **Assignment 4: Personal/Comparative Essay**

    [Assignment 4: Personal/Comparative Essay](https://bb.uwa.edu/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_69163_1&content_id=_3958537_1&mode=reset)

    This final writing assignment has two components.

    Part A: First, I'd like you to discuss your "
    _theoretical orientation."_ You might wonder what is meant by "theoretical orientation" — In a nutshell- it's the theory to which you find yourself oriented, i.e., the one you think stands above the others as most useful or valid.

    This task is
    _not_ about developing a theory of your own; it's about forming a sort of intellectual commitment to an existing theoretical framework and providing an explanation about why you endorse that theory.  Evaluation will not be based on which theory you choose. Please choose which appeals to you.

    Spend some time thinking about everything you've learned and consider one approach from the book that seems especially valid and/or useful to you.

    *Please assume the reader (your professor) is already quite knowledgeable about the theory.  Do not devote page space to summarizing the theory! Instead, focus on explaining why you are drawn to the theory, what aspects of the theory you agree with and especially why. Think about its explanatory or practical utility.

    Also examine any aspects of the theory you might disagree with, and why.

    *The key task is to present a coherent description of how
    _you've_ come to favor this theory as a result of
    _your_ personal experiences and/or worldview. Therefore, a first-person narrative style is recommended for this paper.

    Part B: The second component of this paper is to compare/contrast the theory you favor with any other theory. You may choose to select a comparison theory that has some shared features or one that is substantially different. Discuss possible applications of each theory, noting any specific situations in which the comparison theory may be more useful than your preferred theory.

    **Comparative Essay should be a 2-3 page paper in which you will choose the personality theory to which you ascribe the most value (i.e., your theoretical orientation), contrasting it with another theory.**

  • [Solved] 500 word

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    Due 6/10 12 pm EST You will research the effects of trauma o

    Instant Solution Download

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    You will research the effects of trauma o

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    See attached instructions and personality test results. – ## PersonalityTestPaperInstructions.docx – PersonalityTestResultsJune2025.jpeg **## PersonalityTestPaperInstructions.docx** Personality Test Paper Instructions 2. Copy and paste all results, including details on subscales, aka facets (not ju…

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    – PersonalityTestResultsJune2025.jpeg

    **## PersonalityTestPaperInstructions.docx**

    Personality Test Paper Instructions

    2. Copy and paste all results, including details on subscales, aka facets (not just the 5 broad domains) into a Word document.

    3. Next, write your response to the results.  Begin with a brief intro – summarizing your general impressions about the test.

    4. Now review your scores on each of the five domains and facets.  Discuss each domain.  Do any of the percentile ranks seem unusually high or low or uncharacteristic of how you view yourself?  If any overall factor (domain) seems out of line with your view of yourself, dive a little deeper into the subdomains (facets) and you might find more useful information. I'd like your thoughts on whether you agree or disagree with the results, and
    _why_ you agree or disagree.

    5. Tell whether you think the results are useful to you, and if so, how?

    6. Consider the many possible applications of this test and discuss when, where, why, and how it might be useful or not useful.  Examples: Might the results be useful in relationships? for managers making hiring decisions? for psychologists in clinical settings? etc.

    7. Write a conclusion, and you're done.

    \_\_\_______________________________________________________________________________

    **Besides the pages allocated for your results, the portion you will write should be about 1.5-2 pages.**

    **PersonalityTestResultsJune2025.jpeg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/personalitytestresultsjune2025-jpeg)

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    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/personalitytestresultsjune2025-jpeg)

    **## PersonalityTestPaperInstructions.docx**

    Personality Test Paper Instructions

    2. Copy and paste all results, including details on subscales, aka facets (not just the 5 broad domains) into a Word document.

    3. Next, write your response to the results.  Begin with a brief intro – summarizing your general impressions about the test.

    4. Now review your scores on each of the five domains and facets.  Discuss each domain.  Do any of the percentile ranks seem unusually high or low or uncharacteristic of how you view yourself?  If any overall factor (domain) seems out of line with your view of yourself, dive a little deeper into the subdomains (facets) and you might find more useful information. I'd like your thoughts on whether you agree or disagree with the results, and
    _why_ you agree or disagree.

    5. Tell whether you think the results are useful to you, and if so, how?

    6. Consider the many possible applications of this test and discuss when, where, why, and how it might be useful or not useful.  Examples: Might the results be useful in relationships? for managers making hiring decisions? for psychologists in clinical settings? etc.

    7. Write a conclusion, and you're done.

    \_\_\_______________________________________________________________________________

    **Besides the pages allocated for your results, the portion you will write should be about 1.5-2 pages.**

    **PersonalityTestResultsJune2025.jpeg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/personalitytestresultsjune2025-jpeg)

    **## PersonalityTestPaperInstructions.docx**

    Personality Test Paper Instructions

    2. Copy and paste all results, including details on subscales, aka facets (not just the 5 broad domains) into a Word document.

    3. Next, write your response to the results.  Begin with a brief intro – summarizing your general impressions about the test.

    4. Now review your scores on each of the five domains and facets.  Discuss each domain.  Do any of the percentile ranks seem unusually high or low or uncharacteristic of how you view yourself?  If any overall factor (domain) seems out of line with your view of yourself, dive a little deeper into the subdomains (facets) and you might find more useful information. I'd like your thoughts on whether you agree or disagree with the results, and
    _why_ you agree or disagree.

    5. Tell whether you think the results are useful to you, and if so, how?

    6. Consider the many possible applications of this test and discuss when, where, why, and how it might be useful or not useful.  Examples: Might the results be useful in relationships? for managers making hiring decisions? for psychologists in clinical settings? etc.

    7. Write a conclusion, and you're done.

    \_\_\_______________________________________________________________________________

    **Besides the pages allocated for your results, the portion you will write should be about 1.5-2 pages.**

    **PersonalityTestResultsJune2025.jpeg**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/personalitytestresultsjune2025-jpeg)

    – 1
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    Please revise my work and make sure it sounds good with no ai detection from turnitin – ## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx **## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx** ## **The History of Mental Health Diagnosis …

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    – ## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx

    **## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx**

    ## **The History of Mental Health Diagnosis and Treatment in the United States**

    Bayley Mabryn Askin

    Department of Psychology, William Carey University

    PSY-410 Abnormal Psychology

    Dr. Richard Sheridan

    May 28, 2025

    **Introduction**

    Mental health diagnosis and treatments in the United States have evolved significantly from the 1800s to now. They have led to shifts in scientific perspectives and societal views while also increasing attention to mental health as a crucial aspect of public well-being. Each century has introduced new diagnoses, methods of treatment, as well as explanatory models for mental disorder, filtered through the complex interaction of cultural norms, medical technology, as well as politics. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the primary mental health diagnosis and treatment in the 1800s, the 1900s, as well as the 21st century. It also explains the way in which mental health practice reflects wider society values as well as scientific advancement, and evaluates the advancement as well as the limits of the current mental health treatment system.

    **Mental Illness in the 1800s**

    In the 19th century, mental illness was stigmatized and not understood. The prevailing model explained mental illness as a deviation from moral or religious beliefs, as opposed to an actual medical issue. Diagnoses relied less on reality than on behavioral observation and subject interpretation. The "diagnoses" of "melancholia," "mania," "hysteria," "dementia praecox," and "moral insanity" were often said. These diagnoses included symptoms ranging from depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and violent acts. Diagnosis varied without standardization, using gender, race, and class biases in the interpretations.

    Treatment during the time was inadequate, unsystematized, and inhumane. In the past, when it came to handling individuals struggling with health issues, they were often placed into asylums or almshouses for care and treatment. However, these asylums, initially intended as places of sanctuary, ended up overcrowded and lacking in resources, leading to uncaring conditions. The personnel frequently had little or no training, and patients were often physically restrained, isolated, and punished. Despite these horrible surroundings, the "moral treatment" movement started to emerge and brought attention to kindness, routine regimes, work therapy, and religious instruction. Reformers like Dorothea Dix fought for the cause of improved treatment as well as the establishment of state-owned asylums. She was the force behind the establishment of many institutions all over the nation.

    Medical interventions were primitive and frequently harmful. Often, clinicians would use ancient ideas like bloodletting, purging, and blistering on patients. To tranquilize them, they also used electroconvulsion, restraints, and ice baths. The overall understanding of mental sickness had an absolute basis in spiritual failure or in character weakness, which further ingrained stigma and largely resulted in prolonged institutionalization.

    **Mental Health in the 1900s**

    The 20th century was a defining period for the history of mental health treatment. As psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience developed, the explanations for mental illness became more scientific and medical. Diagnoses became standardized, particularly with the release of diagnostic manuals like the DSM-I in 1952. Schizophrenia, manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder today), neuroses, and personality disorders received clinical characterization. While institutionalization remained widespread in the early decades of the century, the nature of diagnosis and treatment started to shift.

    Psychoanalysis was a prevailing theoretical framework in the early 1900s. Sigmund Freud focused his concepts with respect to unconscious conflict, early experience, and verbal therapy as a means of cure. Despite the controversy that has long surrounded it, the therapeutic ideal fashioned by psychoanalysis had an impact well into the mid-20th century in diagnosis and treatment. The new psychotropic drugs in the 1950s, like chlorpromazine (Thorazine), revolutionized treatment since they brought relief from symptoms in diseases like schizophrenia. Advances in pharmacology allowed numerous patients to move from institutional to community living.

    The deinstitutionalization process, spurred by human as well as financial considerations, sped up in the 1970s as well as the 1960s. Legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act in 1963 targeted the replacement of state hospitals with community mental health center services. Even as the shift in the delivery mode of care was profound, the process was underfinanced as well as inadequately planned. The consequence was the inability to render adequate care to many people suffering from severe mental illness. This made homelessness, as well as incarceration, increase in this population group.

    New therapies appeared in the latter half of the century. Cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral therapies expanded the base of therapies. Advances in the areas of the genetic basis, brain imaging, and functions of neurotransmitters provided the biological underpinnings of many mental illnesses. Therapies for mental illness remained fragmented, but inequality in the quality as well as quantity of care extended beyond racial, socioeconomic, and geographic boundaries.

    **Mental Health in the 2000s**

    Mental healthcare in the 21st century has seen unprecedented developments in mental illness understanding, diagnosis, and treatment. The DSM-5 was published in 2013 with new criteria and an inclusive framework for categories like autism spectrum disorder and expanded definitions under PTSD and depressive disorders. There started awareness, activism, and media coverage, which has reduced stigmatization, although it continues to exist in some of the population.

    Treatment is now characterized by involvement of biological, psychological, as well as social aspects with biopsychosocial treatment. Medicinal treatment is characterized by the emergence of newer-generation medications with higher efficacy with less burden of side effects, like newer antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. Evidence-based therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or CBT with modifications, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as well as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), are utilized en masse in the treatment of all forms of mental disorders.

    Technology has also played a role in transforming the mental healthcare field. Telehealth services expanded the reach of care even amidst the COVID-19 pandemic as patients received therapy and medication management from their homes. Web-based support groups and mobile mental health apps provide additional self-management tools and support from similar individuals. Bad digital privacy, low-quality care, and disparities in digital access are often-seen challenges.

    There has also been growing emphasis placed on trauma-informed care, cultural competency, and integration of mental and physical health care. Providers are recently realizing the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), systemic racism, and the social determinants of health on mental health. Despite these developments, the mental health care system is still fighting against insurance limitations, waits, and shortages of staff, particularly in rural areas.

    Public policy initiatives such as the Affordable Care Act and the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act have attempted to expand coverage and access to treatment. The problem is, implementation is based on the state, and many are still choosing not to provide adequate care. Efforts are still ongoing to train different cultural providers, integrate the health systems, and expand programs.

    **Conclusion**

    The history of diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in America is one of multidimensional, shifting dynamics with science, culture, and public policy. From asylums and aversive therapies in the early-to-mid-1800s to biomedical technologies to cyber interventions in the early-21st century, mental health care has come to be more humane and research-based. Each century has had its achievements but also its setbacks, illustrating the continuing need for advocacy, research, and policy reform. Despite the important advances in care and understanding of mental illness, system barriers persist in the way in which people access and experience equity in mental health care. Corrections to these disparities require an integrated strategy to education, facilities in healthcare, legal reform, and community involvement. As we grow more sensitive to the nuances of mental health, we need to build the system so it honors early intervention, coordinated care, and the human dignity of all individuals.

    **## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx**

    ## **The History of Mental Health Diagnosis and Treatment in the United States**

    Bayley Mabryn Askin

    Department of Psychology, William Carey University

    PSY-410 Abnormal Psychology

    Dr. Richard Sheridan

    May 28, 2025

    **Introduction**

    Mental health diagnosis and treatments in the United States have evolved significantly from the 1800s to now. They have led to shifts in scientific perspectives and societal views while also increasing attention to mental health as a crucial aspect of public well-being. Each century has introduced new diagnoses, methods of treatment, as well as explanatory models for mental disorder, filtered through the complex interaction of cultural norms, medical technology, as well as politics. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the primary mental health diagnosis and treatment in the 1800s, the 1900s, as well as the 21st century. It also explains the way in which mental health practice reflects wider society values as well as scientific advancement, and evaluates the advancement as well as the limits of the current mental health treatment system.

    **Mental Illness in the 1800s**

    In the 19th century, mental illness was stigmatized and not understood. The prevailing model explained mental illness as a deviation from moral or religious beliefs, as opposed to an actual medical issue. Diagnoses relied less on reality than on behavioral observation and subject interpretation. The "diagnoses" of "melancholia," "mania," "hysteria," "dementia praecox," and "moral insanity" were often said. These diagnoses included symptoms ranging from depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and violent acts. Diagnosis varied without standardization, using gender, race, and class biases in the interpretations.

    Treatment during the time was inadequate, unsystematized, and inhumane. In the past, when it came to handling individuals struggling with health issues, they were often placed into asylums or almshouses for care and treatment. However, these asylums, initially intended as places of sanctuary, ended up overcrowded and lacking in resources, leading to uncaring conditions. The personnel frequently had little or no training, and patients were often physically restrained, isolated, and punished. Despite these horrible surroundings, the "moral treatment" movement started to emerge and brought attention to kindness, routine regimes, work therapy, and religious instruction. Reformers like Dorothea Dix fought for the cause of improved treatment as well as the establishment of state-owned asylums. She was the force behind the establishment of many institutions all over the nation.

    Medical interventions were primitive and frequently harmful. Often, clinicians would use ancient ideas like bloodletting, purging, and blistering on patients. To tranquilize them, they also used electroconvulsion, restraints, and ice baths. The overall understanding of mental sickness had an absolute basis in spiritual failure or in character weakness, which further ingrained stigma and largely resulted in prolonged institutionalization.

    **Mental Health in the 1900s**

    The 20th century was a defining period for the history of mental health treatment. As psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience developed, the explanations for mental illness became more scientific and medical. Diagnoses became standardized, particularly with the release of diagnostic manuals like the DSM-I in 1952. Schizophrenia, manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder today), neuroses, and personality disorders received clinical characterization. While institutionalization remained widespread in the early decades of the century, the nature of diagnosis and treatment started to shift.

    Psychoanalysis was a prevailing theoretical framework in the early 1900s. Sigmund Freud focused his concepts with respect to unconscious conflict, early experience, and verbal therapy as a means of cure. Despite the controversy that has long surrounded it, the therapeutic ideal fashioned by psychoanalysis had an impact well into the mid-20th century in diagnosis and treatment. The new psychotropic drugs in the 1950s, like chlorpromazine (Thorazine), revolutionized treatment since they brought relief from symptoms in diseases like schizophrenia. Advances in pharmacology allowed numerous patients to move from institutional to community living.

    The deinstitutionalization process, spurred by human as well as financial considerations, sped up in the 1970s as well as the 1960s. Legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act in 1963 targeted the replacement of state hospitals with community mental health center services. Even as the shift in the delivery mode of care was profound, the process was underfinanced as well as inadequately planned. The consequence was the inability to render adequate care to many people suffering from severe mental illness. This made homelessness, as well as incarceration, increase in this population group.

    New therapies appeared in the latter half of the century. Cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral therapies expanded the base of therapies. Advances in the areas of the genetic basis, brain imaging, and functions of neurotransmitters provided the biological underpinnings of many mental illnesses. Therapies for mental illness remained fragmented, but inequality in the quality as well as quantity of care extended beyond racial, socioeconomic, and geographic boundaries.

    **Mental Health in the 2000s**

    Mental healthcare in the 21st century has seen unprecedented developments in mental illness understanding, diagnosis, and treatment. The DSM-5 was published in 2013 with new criteria and an inclusive framework for categories like autism spectrum disorder and expanded definitions under PTSD and depressive disorders. There started awareness, activism, and media coverage, which has reduced stigmatization, although it continues to exist in some of the population.

    Treatment is now characterized by involvement of biological, psychological, as well as social aspects with biopsychosocial treatment. Medicinal treatment is characterized by the emergence of newer-generation medications with higher efficacy with less burden of side effects, like newer antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. Evidence-based therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or CBT with modifications, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as well as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), are utilized en masse in the treatment of all forms of mental disorders.

    Technology has also played a role in transforming the mental healthcare field. Telehealth services expanded the reach of care even amidst the COVID-19 pandemic as patients received therapy and medication management from their homes. Web-based support groups and mobile mental health apps provide additional self-management tools and support from similar individuals. Bad digital privacy, low-quality care, and disparities in digital access are often-seen challenges.

    There has also been growing emphasis placed on trauma-informed care, cultural competency, and integration of mental and physical health care. Providers are recently realizing the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), systemic racism, and the social determinants of health on mental health. Despite these developments, the mental health care system is still fighting against insurance limitations, waits, and shortages of staff, particularly in rural areas.

    Public policy initiatives such as the Affordable Care Act and the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act have attempted to expand coverage and access to treatment. The problem is, implementation is based on the state, and many are still choosing not to provide adequate care. Efforts are still ongoing to train different cultural providers, integrate the health systems, and expand programs.

    **Conclusion**

    The history of diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in America is one of multidimensional, shifting dynamics with science, culture, and public policy. From asylums and aversive therapies in the early-to-mid-1800s to biomedical technologies to cyber interventions in the early-21st century, mental health care has come to be more humane and research-based. Each century has had its achievements but also its setbacks, illustrating the continuing need for advocacy, research, and policy reform. Despite the important advances in care and understanding of mental illness, system barriers persist in the way in which people access and experience equity in mental health care. Corrections to these disparities require an integrated strategy to education, facilities in healthcare, legal reform, and community involvement. As we grow more sensitive to the nuances of mental health, we need to build the system so it honors early intervention, coordinated care, and the human dignity of all individuals.

  • [Solved] Edit and revise

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    Please change any ai detected and make it sound good – ## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx **## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx** ## **The History of Mental Health Diagnosis and Treatment in the United State…

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    Please change any ai detected and make it sound good

    – ## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx

    **## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx**

    ## **The History of Mental Health Diagnosis and Treatment in the United States**

    Bayley Mabryn Askin

    Department of Psychology, William Carey University

    PSY-410 Abnormal Psychology

    Dr. Richard Sheridan

    May 28, 2025

    **Introduction**

    Mental health diagnosis and treatments in the United States have evolved significantly from the 1800s to now. They have led to shifts in scientific perspectives and societal views while also increasing attention to mental health as a crucial aspect of public well-being. Each century has introduced new diagnoses, methods of treatment, as well as explanatory models for mental disorder, filtered through the complex interaction of cultural norms, medical technology, as well as politics. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the primary mental health diagnosis and treatment in the 1800s, the 1900s, as well as the 21st century. It also explains the way in which mental health practice reflects wider society values as well as scientific advancement, and evaluates the advancement as well as the limits of the current mental health treatment system.

    **Mental Illness in the 1800s**

    In the 19th century, mental illness was stigmatized and not understood. The prevailing model explained mental illness as a deviation from moral or religious beliefs, as opposed to an actual medical issue. Diagnoses relied less on reality than on behavioral observation and subject interpretation. The "diagnoses" of "melancholia," "mania," "hysteria," "dementia praecox," and "moral insanity" were often said. These diagnoses included symptoms ranging from depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and violent acts. Diagnosis varied without standardization, using gender, race, and class biases in the interpretations.

    Treatment during the time was inadequate, unsystematized, and inhumane. In the past, when it came to handling individuals struggling with health issues, they were often placed into asylums or almshouses for care and treatment. However, these asylums, initially intended as places of sanctuary, ended up overcrowded and lacking in resources, leading to uncaring conditions. The personnel frequently had little or no training, and patients were often physically restrained, isolated, and punished. Despite these horrible surroundings, the "moral treatment" movement started to emerge and brought attention to kindness, routine regimes, work therapy, and religious instruction. Reformers like Dorothea Dix fought for the cause of improved treatment as well as the establishment of state-owned asylums. She was the force behind the establishment of many institutions all over the nation.

    Medical interventions were primitive and frequently harmful. Often, clinicians would use ancient ideas like bloodletting, purging, and blistering on patients. To tranquilize them, they also used electroconvulsion, restraints, and ice baths. The overall understanding of mental sickness had an absolute basis in spiritual failure or in character weakness, which further ingrained stigma and largely resulted in prolonged institutionalization.

    **Mental Health in the 1900s**

    The 20th century was a defining period for the history of mental health treatment. As psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience developed, the explanations for mental illness became more scientific and medical. Diagnoses became standardized, particularly with the release of diagnostic manuals like the DSM-I in 1952. Schizophrenia, manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder today), neuroses, and personality disorders received clinical characterization. While institutionalization remained widespread in the early decades of the century, the nature of diagnosis and treatment started to shift.

    Psychoanalysis was a prevailing theoretical framework in the early 1900s. Sigmund Freud focused his concepts with respect to unconscious conflict, early experience, and verbal therapy as a means of cure. Despite the controversy that has long surrounded it, the therapeutic ideal fashioned by psychoanalysis had an impact well into the mid-20th century in diagnosis and treatment. The new psychotropic drugs in the 1950s, like chlorpromazine (Thorazine), revolutionized treatment since they brought relief from symptoms in diseases like schizophrenia. Advances in pharmacology allowed numerous patients to move from institutional to community living.

    The deinstitutionalization process, spurred by human as well as financial considerations, sped up in the 1970s as well as the 1960s. Legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act in 1963 targeted the replacement of state hospitals with community mental health center services. Even as the shift in the delivery mode of care was profound, the process was underfinanced as well as inadequately planned. The consequence was the inability to render adequate care to many people suffering from severe mental illness. This made homelessness, as well as incarceration, increase in this population group.

    New therapies appeared in the latter half of the century. Cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral therapies expanded the base of therapies. Advances in the areas of the genetic basis, brain imaging, and functions of neurotransmitters provided the biological underpinnings of many mental illnesses. Therapies for mental illness remained fragmented, but inequality in the quality as well as quantity of care extended beyond racial, socioeconomic, and geographic boundaries.

    **Mental Health in the 2000s**

    Mental healthcare in the 21st century has seen unprecedented developments in mental illness understanding, diagnosis, and treatment. The DSM-5 was published in 2013 with new criteria and an inclusive framework for categories like autism spectrum disorder and expanded definitions under PTSD and depressive disorders. There started awareness, activism, and media coverage, which has reduced stigmatization, although it continues to exist in some of the population.

    Treatment is now characterized by involvement of biological, psychological, as well as social aspects with biopsychosocial treatment. Medicinal treatment is characterized by the emergence of newer-generation medications with higher efficacy with less burden of side effects, like newer antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. Evidence-based therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or CBT with modifications, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as well as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), are utilized en masse in the treatment of all forms of mental disorders.

    Technology has also played a role in transforming the mental healthcare field. Telehealth services expanded the reach of care even amidst the COVID-19 pandemic as patients received therapy and medication management from their homes. Web-based support groups and mobile mental health apps provide additional self-management tools and support from similar individuals. Bad digital privacy, low-quality care, and disparities in digital access are often-seen challenges.

    There has also been growing emphasis placed on trauma-informed care, cultural competency, and integration of mental and physical health care. Providers are recently realizing the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), systemic racism, and the social determinants of health on mental health. Despite these developments, the mental health care system is still fighting against insurance limitations, waits, and shortages of staff, particularly in rural areas.

    Public policy initiatives such as the Affordable Care Act and the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act have attempted to expand coverage and access to treatment. The problem is, implementation is based on the state, and many are still choosing not to provide adequate care. Efforts are still ongoing to train different cultural providers, integrate the health systems, and expand programs.

    **Conclusion**

    The history of diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in America is one of multidimensional, shifting dynamics with science, culture, and public policy. From asylums and aversive therapies in the early-to-mid-1800s to biomedical technologies to cyber interventions in the early-21st century, mental health care has come to be more humane and research-based. Each century has had its achievements but also its setbacks, illustrating the continuing need for advocacy, research, and policy reform. Despite the important advances in care and understanding of mental illness, system barriers persist in the way in which people access and experience equity in mental health care. Corrections to these disparities require an integrated strategy to education, facilities in healthcare, legal reform, and community involvement. As we grow more sensitive to the nuances of mental health, we need to build the system so it honors early intervention, coordinated care, and the human dignity of all individuals.

    **## BayleyAskinTheHistoryofMentalHealthDiagnosisandTreatmentintheUnitedStates.docx**

    ## **The History of Mental Health Diagnosis and Treatment in the United States**

    Bayley Mabryn Askin

    Department of Psychology, William Carey University

    PSY-410 Abnormal Psychology

    Dr. Richard Sheridan

    May 28, 2025

    **Introduction**

    Mental health diagnosis and treatments in the United States have evolved significantly from the 1800s to now. They have led to shifts in scientific perspectives and societal views while also increasing attention to mental health as a crucial aspect of public well-being. Each century has introduced new diagnoses, methods of treatment, as well as explanatory models for mental disorder, filtered through the complex interaction of cultural norms, medical technology, as well as politics. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the primary mental health diagnosis and treatment in the 1800s, the 1900s, as well as the 21st century. It also explains the way in which mental health practice reflects wider society values as well as scientific advancement, and evaluates the advancement as well as the limits of the current mental health treatment system.

    **Mental Illness in the 1800s**

    In the 19th century, mental illness was stigmatized and not understood. The prevailing model explained mental illness as a deviation from moral or religious beliefs, as opposed to an actual medical issue. Diagnoses relied less on reality than on behavioral observation and subject interpretation. The "diagnoses" of "melancholia," "mania," "hysteria," "dementia praecox," and "moral insanity" were often said. These diagnoses included symptoms ranging from depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and violent acts. Diagnosis varied without standardization, using gender, race, and class biases in the interpretations.

    Treatment during the time was inadequate, unsystematized, and inhumane. In the past, when it came to handling individuals struggling with health issues, they were often placed into asylums or almshouses for care and treatment. However, these asylums, initially intended as places of sanctuary, ended up overcrowded and lacking in resources, leading to uncaring conditions. The personnel frequently had little or no training, and patients were often physically restrained, isolated, and punished. Despite these horrible surroundings, the "moral treatment" movement started to emerge and brought attention to kindness, routine regimes, work therapy, and religious instruction. Reformers like Dorothea Dix fought for the cause of improved treatment as well as the establishment of state-owned asylums. She was the force behind the establishment of many institutions all over the nation.

    Medical interventions were primitive and frequently harmful. Often, clinicians would use ancient ideas like bloodletting, purging, and blistering on patients. To tranquilize them, they also used electroconvulsion, restraints, and ice baths. The overall understanding of mental sickness had an absolute basis in spiritual failure or in character weakness, which further ingrained stigma and largely resulted in prolonged institutionalization.

    **Mental Health in the 1900s**

    The 20th century was a defining period for the history of mental health treatment. As psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience developed, the explanations for mental illness became more scientific and medical. Diagnoses became standardized, particularly with the release of diagnostic manuals like the DSM-I in 1952. Schizophrenia, manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder today), neuroses, and personality disorders received clinical characterization. While institutionalization remained widespread in the early decades of the century, the nature of diagnosis and treatment started to shift.

    Psychoanalysis was a prevailing theoretical framework in the early 1900s. Sigmund Freud focused his concepts with respect to unconscious conflict, early experience, and verbal therapy as a means of cure. Despite the controversy that has long surrounded it, the therapeutic ideal fashioned by psychoanalysis had an impact well into the mid-20th century in diagnosis and treatment. The new psychotropic drugs in the 1950s, like chlorpromazine (Thorazine), revolutionized treatment since they brought relief from symptoms in diseases like schizophrenia. Advances in pharmacology allowed numerous patients to move from institutional to community living.

    The deinstitutionalization process, spurred by human as well as financial considerations, sped up in the 1970s as well as the 1960s. Legislation such as the Community Mental Health Act in 1963 targeted the replacement of state hospitals with community mental health center services. Even as the shift in the delivery mode of care was profound, the process was underfinanced as well as inadequately planned. The consequence was the inability to render adequate care to many people suffering from severe mental illness. This made homelessness, as well as incarceration, increase in this population group.

    New therapies appeared in the latter half of the century. Cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral therapies expanded the base of therapies. Advances in the areas of the genetic basis, brain imaging, and functions of neurotransmitters provided the biological underpinnings of many mental illnesses. Therapies for mental illness remained fragmented, but inequality in the quality as well as quantity of care extended beyond racial, socioeconomic, and geographic boundaries.

    **Mental Health in the 2000s**

    Mental healthcare in the 21st century has seen unprecedented developments in mental illness understanding, diagnosis, and treatment. The DSM-5 was published in 2013 with new criteria and an inclusive framework for categories like autism spectrum disorder and expanded definitions under PTSD and depressive disorders. There started awareness, activism, and media coverage, which has reduced stigmatization, although it continues to exist in some of the population.

    Treatment is now characterized by involvement of biological, psychological, as well as social aspects with biopsychosocial treatment. Medicinal treatment is characterized by the emergence of newer-generation medications with higher efficacy with less burden of side effects, like newer antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. Evidence-based therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or CBT with modifications, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as well as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), are utilized en masse in the treatment of all forms of mental disorders.

    Technology has also played a role in transforming the mental healthcare field. Telehealth services expanded the reach of care even amidst the COVID-19 pandemic as patients received therapy and medication management from their homes. Web-based support groups and mobile mental health apps provide additional self-management tools and support from similar individuals. Bad digital privacy, low-quality care, and disparities in digital access are often-seen challenges.

    There has also been growing emphasis placed on trauma-informed care, cultural competency, and integration of mental and physical health care. Providers are recently realizing the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), systemic racism, and the social determinants of health on mental health. Despite these developments, the mental health care system is still fighting against insurance limitations, waits, and shortages of staff, particularly in rural areas.

    Public policy initiatives such as the Affordable Care Act and the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act have attempted to expand coverage and access to treatment. The problem is, implementation is based on the state, and many are still choosing not to provide adequate care. Efforts are still ongoing to train different cultural providers, integrate the health systems, and expand programs.

    **Conclusion**

    The history of diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in America is one of multidimensional, shifting dynamics with science, culture, and public policy. From asylums and aversive therapies in the early-to-mid-1800s to biomedical technologies to cyber interventions in the early-21st century, mental health care has come to be more humane and research-based. Each century has had its achievements but also its setbacks, illustrating the continuing need for advocacy, research, and policy reform. Despite the important advances in care and understanding of mental illness, system barriers persist in the way in which people access and experience equity in mental health care. Corrections to these disparities require an integrated strategy to education, facilities in healthcare, legal reform, and community involvement. As we grow more sensitive to the nuances of mental health, we need to build the system so it honors early intervention, coordinated care, and the human dignity of all individuals.

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