Tag: Clinical-Nursing

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“Gene therapy in diabetes”

Understanding PICO(T)-formatted clinical questions are important in nursing research. PICO(T) is a mnemonic used to describe the four or five elements of a good clinical question: POPULATION, INTERVENTION, COMPARISON, OUTCOME and TIMEFRAME (P,I,C,O,T). These components of a clinical question also represent different types of variables. The PICOT approach will help, clinicians and researchers, identify and answer relevant clinical study questions (Riva, J., Malik, K., Burnie, S., Endicott, A., and Busse, J. (2012).

John is a 56 year-old male who was initially diagnosed 6 months ago with heart failure.

He was treated via a 3-day stay in the hospital and sent home with a drug regime and since then has been seen in the ER two times and is now hospitalized again with shortness of breath, pedal edema, and weight gain. He does not understand why the medications are not working. He cannot miss any more days at work or he will lose his job and medical insurance for him and his family. His wife is a stay-at-home mom for their three boys.

John is a construction worker and does take his medications as directed but continues to eat what he wants. He states he cannot exercise because he works 6 days a week and is just too tired when he gets home. He is always tired, is up all night going to the bathroom, and is extremely worried about his health issues and the future. His wife, Kathy, is also very worried, because she is a stay-at-home mom and has not worked since the birth of their first child, who is 16 years old.

During this hospital stay, another cardiac catheterization reveals that the ejection fraction of his heart is only 40. The doctor has told him he needs to change his lifestyle, continue with his meds, and monitor his vital signs at home.

Kathy is 40 years old and finds herself overwhelmed with the diagnosis and is worried that she may have to go back to work if John is not able to continue working. She wants to know what she can do to help John. She will do anything but is not sure what will help John. The nurse came in and handed her a bunch of papers about diet and exercise and said a home health nurse would set him up for home monitoring.

Formulate searchable, clinical questions in the PICO(T) format using the material in this case study.

There are several potential questions that could be asked, but you only need to identify two. Determine if the focus of each question is assessment, etiology, treatment, or prognosis.

During an assessment of a patient who sustained a head injury 24 hours ago, the medical-surgical nurse notes the development of slurred speech and disorientation to time and place. The nurse’s initial action is to:

A 78-year-old patient is scheduled for transition to home after treatment for heart disease. The patient’s spouse, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, plans to care for the patient at home. The spouse says that their grown children, who live nearby, will help. The best approach to discharge planning is to:

The most common, preventable complication of abdominal surgery is:.

To prevent a common, adverse effect of prolonged use of phenytoin sodium (Dilantin), patients taking the drug are instructed to:

A patient who received spinal anesthesia four hours ago during surgery is transferred to the surgical unit and, after one and a half hours, now reports severe incisional pain. The patient’s blood pressure is 170/90 mm Hg, pulse is 108 beats/min, temperature is 99oF (37.2oC), and respirations are 30 breaths/min. The patient’s skin is pale, and the surgical dressing is dry and intact. The most appropriate nursing intervention is to:

Nursing diagnoses mostly differ from medical diagnoses in that they are