Executive Solution Overview
Case study and Instructions and readings attached. – ## CasystudyInstructions.docx – ## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf **## CasystudyInstructions.docx** No AI or Plagiarism **Instructions** · Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis · Sources must be deriv…
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Case study and Instructions and readings attached.
– ## CasystudyInstructions.docx
– ## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf
**## CasystudyInstructions.docx**
No AI or Plagiarism
**Instructions**
· Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis
· Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.
· All citations and format must be in current APA format
· Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis
· Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.
Paper must be 8-10 pages
**Case Study: The Supreme Court, Federalism, and Public Administrators Assignment**
Christensen and Wise (2009) state,
[t]he U.S. Supreme Court has come to play an important role in articulating that system of rules. The Supreme Court’s federalism decisions are especially important in understanding what powers public managers [must] achieve policy priorities in the current context of devolved government.
For this
**Case Study Assignment,** you will provide a scholarly paper concerning the effect of recent Supreme Court decisions on public administration and federalism.
Readings
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1)
Youtube Video
[https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp](https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp)
**## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf**
State and Local Government
Intergovernmental
Relationships: Part I
1
Introduction
• State and local government responsible for
policies — education, trash collection,
transportation, water and sewer,…
• State governments are similar but much
different from federal government.
• Local governments established by states
to handle local policy concerns.
2
Introduction Continued
• Subnational Governments:
• State and local governments — revitalization
and diversity since 960’s.
• States more active in policymaking.
• States remain diverse in populations and
policies.
3
Understanding State and Local
Governments
• Democracy at the Subnational Level
• States allow local governments to manage
local problems in an open manner.
• Lack of voter participation and coordination
among local governments as well as
competition for business and industry.
4
Understanding State and Local
Governments
• The Scope of Subnational Government
• State and local governments growing faster
than federal government.
• Some states have sunset legislation mandates
review of agency programs for continuation.
• Some local governments better at policy than
their states and become innovators at
problem resolution.
5
The Evolution of State
and Local Governments
• Governing in U.S. by multiple authorities
working together and in conflict.
• In 1776, the thirteen colonial governments
became states tied together in a loose
confederation under the Articles.
• Unified into a federal system in the late 1780s to
address weakness of confederative model.
• States create and determine powers of local
governments.
6
The Evolution Continued
• In 1962, the Supreme Court forced the
states to redistrict and become more
representative of the states’ population. In
Baker v. Carr, the Court applied the 14th
Amendment's Equal Protection Clause to
voters.
• The ruling of “one man, one vote” required
legislatures redistrict with an equal number of
constituents in each.
7
The Evolution Continued
• During 1960s and 1970s, federal government
increased responsibilities of states and locals
• Federal programs for poverty, urban renewal,
and environmental quality became
administered by states and locals.
8
The Evolution Continued
• In 1990s, state and local governments more
valuable in federalism.
• States, cities, and counties becoming
program innovators and mutually
cooperating to increase economic growth.
• Governors become important national
actors. State legislators, county officials, city
managers, and other officials now travel
internationally.
9
Grassroots Power and Politics
• Most small towns have a local dynasty–some
big towns have them, too.
• State and local politics more personal, non-
partisan, and issue-oriented than at federal
level.
• Grassroots politics includes influence of local
elites, local issues, local news media, and issue-
specific organizations to enact laws and make
policy.
10
State Governments
• The primary responsibilities of state governments
are:
• education
• public health
• transportation
• economic development
• criminal justice
• licensing/regulation professions (teachers, social workers,
doctors, lawyers, barbers/stylists, architects, etc.)
• States more active in welfare and environmental
issues on their own and as administrators of
national programs.
11
12
Source: Bowman and Kearney, 2017
State Constitutions
• Each state has its own unique constitution.
• They are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution.
• State constitutions have more detail about
specific policies.
• Specific interests work to protect their issues
in the constitutions since it is harder to
amend them.
13
State Constitutions
• Amending State Constitutions
• Few states rewrite their constitutions.
• States often use “cut and paste” by only
updating few sections of Constitution.
• State’s legislature proposes constitutional
amendment and then it is put to a vote in an
election.
• Some states allow citizen initiatives.
14
State Constitutions
• State constitutions limit powers of state
governments.
• After Civil War, Southern states were forced
to draft new constitutions acceptable to
North. New constitutions gave powers to
former slaves and disenfranchised the
traditional elites.
• After Reconstruction, Southern states
adopted newer constitutions providing for
weak governments.
15
State Constitutions
• Western states chose weak governments.
• Western states allow voters to enact
legislation through initiatives and recall
elections to remove officials from office.
• Strengthen state governments to manage
critical issues.
• Lengthen terms of states’ governors with
more oversight on spending.
• Legislatures full-time, better pay, and courts
strengthened.
16
Executives and Legislatures
• Local governments have some or all of
these decision-making positions:
• Elected executive: mayor, village president.
• Elected council or commission: city council,
city commission, city board, county board,
county council, school board,
• Appointed manager: city manager, city
administrator, county administrator, county
manager, school superintendent.
17
Governors
• Governors are chief executive officers of
states with policymaking, budgetary, and
ceremonial roles.
• Propose budget
• Veto authority
• Appointment powers
• Power to pardon
• Commute sentences, grant parole, and extradite
18
Governors and the
Executive Branch
• The Job of Governor
• Expected to fulfill many duties, some formal, some not
• Much diversity in level of formal powers
• 42 governors have a line-item veto—veto only parts
of a bill
• Today’s governors use “personal powers” to help
accomplish their policy goals.
• Public support, character, and leadership style
19
Governors and the
Executive Branch
20
Governors and the Executive Branch
• Other Executive Officers
• Many other state executives are elected separately from the
governor.
• Major state executives include:
• Lieutenant Governor—second-highest executive official
in state governments. In Georgia, serves as Senate
President.
• Attorney General—state’s legal counsel
• State Treasurer—manager of state’s bank accounts
• Secretary of State—elections and record-keeping
• Auditor—financial comptroller
• Insurance Commissioner
21
State Legislatures
• General Information:
• Generally, operate like Congress
• Have become more professional:
• longer sessions—44 state legislatures have
annual sessions
• higher salaries
• more staff for each one and staff for
committees
• Some feel it is against the idea of a “citizen
legislature” favored by public
22
State Legislatures
23
State Legislatures
• All states except Nebraska have bicameral
legislatures.
• By 1999, twenty states limited the number of terms a
legislator could serve. The limits range from six to
twelve years.
• State legislatures are still primarily part-time bodies.
There is abundant turnover–over 25% of seats each
election.
24
Direct Democracy
• Direct initiative: Voters place proposal on ballot
and enact it into law without involving the
legislature or the governor.
• Indirect initiative: Legislature places proposal
on ballot and allows voters to enact it into law
without involving the legislature or the
governor.
25
Direct Democracy
• Direct democracy: government controlled
directly by the citizens
• Methods of citizen control of the Government:
• Initiative: proposed changes to laws be put on the
ballot if enough signatures are collected
• Referendum: voters approve or disapprove state
legislation
• Recall: voters may vote someone out of office
26
– State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relationships: Part I
– Introduction
– Introduction Continued
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– The Evolution of State �and Local Governments
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– Grassroots Power and Politics
– State Governments
– Slide Number 12
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– Executives and Legislatures
– Governors
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the Executive Branch
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– Direct Democracy
– Direct Democracy
**## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf**
State and Local Government
Intergovernmental
Relationships: Part I
1
Introduction
• State and local government responsible for
policies — education, trash collection,
transportation, water and sewer,…
• State governments are similar but much
different from federal government.
• Local governments established by states
to handle local policy concerns.
2
Introduction Continued
• Subnational Governments:
• State and local governments — revitalization
and diversity since 960’s.
• States more active in policymaking.
• States remain diverse in populations and
policies.
3
Understanding State and Local
Governments
• Democracy at the Subnational Level
• States allow local governments to manage
local problems in an open manner.
• Lack of voter participation and coordination
among local governments as well as
competition for business and industry.
4
Understanding State and Local
Governments
• The Scope of Subnational Government
• State and local governments growing faster
than federal government.
• Some states have sunset legislation mandates
review of agency programs for continuation.
• Some local governments better at policy than
their states and become innovators at
problem resolution.
5
The Evolution of State
and Local Governments
• Governing in U.S. by multiple authorities
working together and in conflict.
• In 1776, the thirteen colonial governments
became states tied together in a loose
confederation under the Articles.
• Unified into a federal system in the late 1780s to
address weakness of confederative model.
• States create and determine powers of local
governments.
6
The Evolution Continued
• In 1962, the Supreme Court forced the
states to redistrict and become more
representative of the states’ population. In
Baker v. Carr, the Court applied the 14th
Amendment's Equal Protection Clause to
voters.
• The ruling of “one man, one vote” required
legislatures redistrict with an equal number of
constituents in each.
7
The Evolution Continued
• During 1960s and 1970s, federal government
increased responsibilities of states and locals
• Federal programs for poverty, urban renewal,
and environmental quality became
administered by states and locals.
8
The Evolution Continued
• In 1990s, state and local governments more
valuable in federalism.
• States, cities, and counties becoming
program innovators and mutually
cooperating to increase economic growth.
• Governors become important national
actors. State legislators, county officials, city
managers, and other officials now travel
internationally.
9
Grassroots Power and Politics
• Most small towns have a local dynasty–some
big towns have them, too.
• State and local politics more personal, non-
partisan, and issue-oriented than at federal
level.
• Grassroots politics includes influence of local
elites, local issues, local news media, and issue-
specific organizations to enact laws and make
policy.
10
State Governments
• The primary responsibilities of state governments
are:
• education
• public health
• transportation
• economic development
• criminal justice
• licensing/regulation professions (teachers, social workers,
doctors, lawyers, barbers/stylists, architects, etc.)
• States more active in welfare and environmental
issues on their own and as administrators of
national programs.
11
12
Source: Bowman and Kearney, 2017
State Constitutions
• Each state has its own unique constitution.
• They are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution.
• State constitutions have more detail about
specific policies.
• Specific interests work to protect their issues
in the constitutions since it is harder to
amend them.
13
State Constitutions
• Amending State Constitutions
• Few states rewrite their constitutions.
• States often use “cut and paste” by only
updating few sections of Constitution.
• State’s legislature proposes constitutional
amendment and then it is put to a vote in an
election.
• Some states allow citizen initiatives.
14
State Constitutions
• State constitutions limit powers of state
governments.
• After Civil War, Southern states were forced
to draft new constitutions acceptable to
North. New constitutions gave powers to
former slaves and disenfranchised the
traditional elites.
• After Reconstruction, Southern states
adopted newer constitutions providing for
weak governments.
15
State Constitutions
• Western states chose weak governments.
• Western states allow voters to enact
legislation through initiatives and recall
elections to remove officials from office.
• Strengthen state governments to manage
critical issues.
• Lengthen terms of states’ governors with
more oversight on spending.
• Legislatures full-time, better pay, and courts
strengthened.
16
Executives and Legislatures
• Local governments have some or all of
these decision-making positions:
• Elected executive: mayor, village president.
• Elected council or commission: city council,
city commission, city board, county board,
county council, school board,
• Appointed manager: city manager, city
administrator, county administrator, county
manager, school superintendent.
17
Governors
• Governors are chief executive officers of
states with policymaking, budgetary, and
ceremonial roles.
• Propose budget
• Veto authority
• Appointment powers
• Power to pardon
• Commute sentences, grant parole, and extradite
18
Governors and the
Executive Branch
• The Job of Governor
• Expected to fulfill many duties, some formal, some not
• Much diversity in level of formal powers
• 42 governors have a line-item veto—veto only parts
of a bill
• Today’s governors use “personal powers” to help
accomplish their policy goals.
• Public support, character, and leadership style
19
Governors and the
Executive Branch
20
Governors and the Executive Branch
• Other Executive Officers
• Many other state executives are elected separately from the
governor.
• Major state executives include:
• Lieutenant Governor—second-highest executive official
in state governments. In Georgia, serves as Senate
President.
• Attorney General—state’s legal counsel
• State Treasurer—manager of state’s bank accounts
• Secretary of State—elections and record-keeping
• Auditor—financial comptroller
• Insurance Commissioner
21
State Legislatures
• General Information:
• Generally, operate like Congress
• Have become more professional:
• longer sessions—44 state legislatures have
annual sessions
• higher salaries
• more staff for each one and staff for
committees
• Some feel it is against the idea of a “citizen
legislature” favored by public
22
State Legislatures
23
State Legislatures
• All states except Nebraska have bicameral
legislatures.
• By 1999, twenty states limited the number of terms a
legislator could serve. The limits range from six to
twelve years.
• State legislatures are still primarily part-time bodies.
There is abundant turnover–over 25% of seats each
election.
24
Direct Democracy
• Direct initiative: Voters place proposal on ballot
and enact it into law without involving the
legislature or the governor.
• Indirect initiative: Legislature places proposal
on ballot and allows voters to enact it into law
without involving the legislature or the
governor.
25
Direct Democracy
• Direct democracy: government controlled
directly by the citizens
• Methods of citizen control of the Government:
• Initiative: proposed changes to laws be put on the
ballot if enough signatures are collected
• Referendum: voters approve or disapprove state
legislation
• Recall: voters may vote someone out of office
26
– State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relationships: Part I
– Introduction
– Introduction Continued
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– The Evolution of State �and Local Governments
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– Grassroots Power and Politics
– State Governments
– Slide Number 12
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– Executives and Legislatures
– Governors
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the Executive Branch
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– Direct Democracy
– Direct Democracy
**## CasystudyInstructions.docx**
No AI or Plagiarism
**Instructions**
· Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis
· Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.
· All citations and format must be in current APA format
· Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis
· Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.
Paper must be 8-10 pages
**Case Study: The Supreme Court, Federalism, and Public Administrators Assignment**
Christensen and Wise (2009) state,
[t]he U.S. Supreme Court has come to play an important role in articulating that system of rules. The Supreme Court’s federalism decisions are especially important in understanding what powers public managers [must] achieve policy priorities in the current context of devolved government.
For this
**Case Study Assignment,** you will provide a scholarly paper concerning the effect of recent Supreme Court decisions on public administration and federalism.
Readings
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1)
Youtube Video
[https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp](https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp)
**## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf**
State and Local Government
Intergovernmental
Relationships: Part I
1
Introduction
• State and local government responsible for
policies — education, trash collection,
transportation, water and sewer,…
• State governments are similar but much
different from federal government.
• Local governments established by states
to handle local policy concerns.
2
Introduction Continued
• Subnational Governments:
• State and local governments — revitalization
and diversity since 960’s.
• States more active in policymaking.
• States remain diverse in populations and
policies.
3
Understanding State and Local
Governments
• Democracy at the Subnational Level
• States allow local governments to manage
local problems in an open manner.
• Lack of voter participation and coordination
among local governments as well as
competition for business and industry.
4
Understanding State and Local
Governments
• The Scope of Subnational Government
• State and local governments growing faster
than federal government.
• Some states have sunset legislation mandates
review of agency programs for continuation.
• Some local governments better at policy than
their states and become innovators at
problem resolution.
5
The Evolution of State
and Local Governments
• Governing in U.S. by multiple authorities
working together and in conflict.
• In 1776, the thirteen colonial governments
became states tied together in a loose
confederation under the Articles.
• Unified into a federal system in the late 1780s to
address weakness of confederative model.
• States create and determine powers of local
governments.
6
The Evolution Continued
• In 1962, the Supreme Court forced the
states to redistrict and become more
representative of the states’ population. In
Baker v. Carr, the Court applied the 14th
Amendment's Equal Protection Clause to
voters.
• The ruling of “one man, one vote” required
legislatures redistrict with an equal number of
constituents in each.
7
The Evolution Continued
• During 1960s and 1970s, federal government
increased responsibilities of states and locals
• Federal programs for poverty, urban renewal,
and environmental quality became
administered by states and locals.
8
The Evolution Continued
• In 1990s, state and local governments more
valuable in federalism.
• States, cities, and counties becoming
program innovators and mutually
cooperating to increase economic growth.
• Governors become important national
actors. State legislators, county officials, city
managers, and other officials now travel
internationally.
9
Grassroots Power and Politics
• Most small towns have a local dynasty–some
big towns have them, too.
• State and local politics more personal, non-
partisan, and issue-oriented than at federal
level.
• Grassroots politics includes influence of local
elites, local issues, local news media, and issue-
specific organizations to enact laws and make
policy.
10
State Governments
• The primary responsibilities of state governments
are:
• education
• public health
• transportation
• economic development
• criminal justice
• licensing/regulation professions (teachers, social workers,
doctors, lawyers, barbers/stylists, architects, etc.)
• States more active in welfare and environmental
issues on their own and as administrators of
national programs.
11
12
Source: Bowman and Kearney, 2017
State Constitutions
• Each state has its own unique constitution.
• They are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution.
• State constitutions have more detail about
specific policies.
• Specific interests work to protect their issues
in the constitutions since it is harder to
amend them.
13
State Constitutions
• Amending State Constitutions
• Few states rewrite their constitutions.
• States often use “cut and paste” by only
updating few sections of Constitution.
• State’s legislature proposes constitutional
amendment and then it is put to a vote in an
election.
• Some states allow citizen initiatives.
14
State Constitutions
• State constitutions limit powers of state
governments.
• After Civil War, Southern states were forced
to draft new constitutions acceptable to
North. New constitutions gave powers to
former slaves and disenfranchised the
traditional elites.
• After Reconstruction, Southern states
adopted newer constitutions providing for
weak governments.
15
State Constitutions
• Western states chose weak governments.
• Western states allow voters to enact
legislation through initiatives and recall
elections to remove officials from office.
• Strengthen state governments to manage
critical issues.
• Lengthen terms of states’ governors with
more oversight on spending.
• Legislatures full-time, better pay, and courts
strengthened.
16
Executives and Legislatures
• Local governments have some or all of
these decision-making positions:
• Elected executive: mayor, village president.
• Elected council or commission: city council,
city commission, city board, county board,
county council, school board,
• Appointed manager: city manager, city
administrator, county administrator, county
manager, school superintendent.
17
Governors
• Governors are chief executive officers of
states with policymaking, budgetary, and
ceremonial roles.
• Propose budget
• Veto authority
• Appointment powers
• Power to pardon
• Commute sentences, grant parole, and extradite
18
Governors and the
Executive Branch
• The Job of Governor
• Expected to fulfill many duties, some formal, some not
• Much diversity in level of formal powers
• 42 governors have a line-item veto—veto only parts
of a bill
• Today’s governors use “personal powers” to help
accomplish their policy goals.
• Public support, character, and leadership style
19
Governors and the
Executive Branch
20
Governors and the Executive Branch
• Other Executive Officers
• Many other state executives are elected separately from the
governor.
• Major state executives include:
• Lieutenant Governor—second-highest executive official
in state governments. In Georgia, serves as Senate
President.
• Attorney General—state’s legal counsel
• State Treasurer—manager of state’s bank accounts
• Secretary of State—elections and record-keeping
• Auditor—financial comptroller
• Insurance Commissioner
21
State Legislatures
• General Information:
• Generally, operate like Congress
• Have become more professional:
• longer sessions—44 state legislatures have
annual sessions
• higher salaries
• more staff for each one and staff for
committees
• Some feel it is against the idea of a “citizen
legislature” favored by public
22
State Legislatures
23
State Legislatures
• All states except Nebraska have bicameral
legislatures.
• By 1999, twenty states limited the number of terms a
legislator could serve. The limits range from six to
twelve years.
• State legislatures are still primarily part-time bodies.
There is abundant turnover–over 25% of seats each
election.
24
Direct Democracy
• Direct initiative: Voters place proposal on ballot
and enact it into law without involving the
legislature or the governor.
• Indirect initiative: Legislature places proposal
on ballot and allows voters to enact it into law
without involving the legislature or the
governor.
25
Direct Democracy
• Direct democracy: government controlled
directly by the citizens
• Methods of citizen control of the Government:
• Initiative: proposed changes to laws be put on the
ballot if enough signatures are collected
• Referendum: voters approve or disapprove state
legislation
• Recall: voters may vote someone out of office
26
– State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relationships: Part I
– Introduction
– Introduction Continued
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– The Evolution of State �and Local Governments
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– Grassroots Power and Politics
– State Governments
– Slide Number 12
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– Executives and Legislatures
– Governors
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the Executive Branch
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– Direct Democracy
– Direct Democracy
**## CasystudyInstructions.docx**
No AI or Plagiarism
**Instructions**
· Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis
· Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.
· All citations and format must be in current APA format
· Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis
· Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.
Paper must be 8-10 pages
**Case Study: The Supreme Court, Federalism, and Public Administrators Assignment**
Christensen and Wise (2009) state,
[t]he U.S. Supreme Court has come to play an important role in articulating that system of rules. The Supreme Court’s federalism decisions are especially important in understanding what powers public managers [must] achieve policy priorities in the current context of devolved government.
For this
**Case Study Assignment,** you will provide a scholarly paper concerning the effect of recent Supreme Court decisions on public administration and federalism.
Readings
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40468971?saml_data=eyJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJjNGZjMjNmMC01MDQzLTRiOWMtYjgzNS0wZTBkZDBhMDA2MjMiXSwic2FtbFRva2VuIjoiNTBlYTdkOGUtNWQxMy00MzEyLWE3OGYtZjhmMDgzYTIyMjQ1In0&seq=1)
Youtube Video
[https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp](https://youtu.be/L_9PwNvaFYk?si=0oi7dWAiIh0TUFjp)
**## StateandLocalGovernmentIntergovernmentalRelationshipsPartI.pdf**
State and Local Government
Intergovernmental
Relationships: Part I
1
Introduction
• State and local government responsible for
policies — education, trash collection,
transportation, water and sewer,…
• State governments are similar but much
different from federal government.
• Local governments established by states
to handle local policy concerns.
2
Introduction Continued
• Subnational Governments:
• State and local governments — revitalization
and diversity since 960’s.
• States more active in policymaking.
• States remain diverse in populations and
policies.
3
Understanding State and Local
Governments
• Democracy at the Subnational Level
• States allow local governments to manage
local problems in an open manner.
• Lack of voter participation and coordination
among local governments as well as
competition for business and industry.
4
Understanding State and Local
Governments
• The Scope of Subnational Government
• State and local governments growing faster
than federal government.
• Some states have sunset legislation mandates
review of agency programs for continuation.
• Some local governments better at policy than
their states and become innovators at
problem resolution.
5
The Evolution of State
and Local Governments
• Governing in U.S. by multiple authorities
working together and in conflict.
• In 1776, the thirteen colonial governments
became states tied together in a loose
confederation under the Articles.
• Unified into a federal system in the late 1780s to
address weakness of confederative model.
• States create and determine powers of local
governments.
6
The Evolution Continued
• In 1962, the Supreme Court forced the
states to redistrict and become more
representative of the states’ population. In
Baker v. Carr, the Court applied the 14th
Amendment's Equal Protection Clause to
voters.
• The ruling of “one man, one vote” required
legislatures redistrict with an equal number of
constituents in each.
7
The Evolution Continued
• During 1960s and 1970s, federal government
increased responsibilities of states and locals
• Federal programs for poverty, urban renewal,
and environmental quality became
administered by states and locals.
8
The Evolution Continued
• In 1990s, state and local governments more
valuable in federalism.
• States, cities, and counties becoming
program innovators and mutually
cooperating to increase economic growth.
• Governors become important national
actors. State legislators, county officials, city
managers, and other officials now travel
internationally.
9
Grassroots Power and Politics
• Most small towns have a local dynasty–some
big towns have them, too.
• State and local politics more personal, non-
partisan, and issue-oriented than at federal
level.
• Grassroots politics includes influence of local
elites, local issues, local news media, and issue-
specific organizations to enact laws and make
policy.
10
State Governments
• The primary responsibilities of state governments
are:
• education
• public health
• transportation
• economic development
• criminal justice
• licensing/regulation professions (teachers, social workers,
doctors, lawyers, barbers/stylists, architects, etc.)
• States more active in welfare and environmental
issues on their own and as administrators of
national programs.
11
12
Source: Bowman and Kearney, 2017
State Constitutions
• Each state has its own unique constitution.
• They are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution.
• State constitutions have more detail about
specific policies.
• Specific interests work to protect their issues
in the constitutions since it is harder to
amend them.
13
State Constitutions
• Amending State Constitutions
• Few states rewrite their constitutions.
• States often use “cut and paste” by only
updating few sections of Constitution.
• State’s legislature proposes constitutional
amendment and then it is put to a vote in an
election.
• Some states allow citizen initiatives.
14
State Constitutions
• State constitutions limit powers of state
governments.
• After Civil War, Southern states were forced
to draft new constitutions acceptable to
North. New constitutions gave powers to
former slaves and disenfranchised the
traditional elites.
• After Reconstruction, Southern states
adopted newer constitutions providing for
weak governments.
15
State Constitutions
• Western states chose weak governments.
• Western states allow voters to enact
legislation through initiatives and recall
elections to remove officials from office.
• Strengthen state governments to manage
critical issues.
• Lengthen terms of states’ governors with
more oversight on spending.
• Legislatures full-time, better pay, and courts
strengthened.
16
Executives and Legislatures
• Local governments have some or all of
these decision-making positions:
• Elected executive: mayor, village president.
• Elected council or commission: city council,
city commission, city board, county board,
county council, school board,
• Appointed manager: city manager, city
administrator, county administrator, county
manager, school superintendent.
17
Governors
• Governors are chief executive officers of
states with policymaking, budgetary, and
ceremonial roles.
• Propose budget
• Veto authority
• Appointment powers
• Power to pardon
• Commute sentences, grant parole, and extradite
18
Governors and the
Executive Branch
• The Job of Governor
• Expected to fulfill many duties, some formal, some not
• Much diversity in level of formal powers
• 42 governors have a line-item veto—veto only parts
of a bill
• Today’s governors use “personal powers” to help
accomplish their policy goals.
• Public support, character, and leadership style
19
Governors and the
Executive Branch
20
Governors and the Executive Branch
• Other Executive Officers
• Many other state executives are elected separately from the
governor.
• Major state executives include:
• Lieutenant Governor—second-highest executive official
in state governments. In Georgia, serves as Senate
President.
• Attorney General—state’s legal counsel
• State Treasurer—manager of state’s bank accounts
• Secretary of State—elections and record-keeping
• Auditor—financial comptroller
• Insurance Commissioner
21
State Legislatures
• General Information:
• Generally, operate like Congress
• Have become more professional:
• longer sessions—44 state legislatures have
annual sessions
• higher salaries
• more staff for each one and staff for
committees
• Some feel it is against the idea of a “citizen
legislature” favored by public
22
State Legislatures
23
State Legislatures
• All states except Nebraska have bicameral
legislatures.
• By 1999, twenty states limited the number of terms a
legislator could serve. The limits range from six to
twelve years.
• State legislatures are still primarily part-time bodies.
There is abundant turnover–over 25% of seats each
election.
24
Direct Democracy
• Direct initiative: Voters place proposal on ballot
and enact it into law without involving the
legislature or the governor.
• Indirect initiative: Legislature places proposal
on ballot and allows voters to enact it into law
without involving the legislature or the
governor.
25
Direct Democracy
• Direct democracy: government controlled
directly by the citizens
• Methods of citizen control of the Government:
• Initiative: proposed changes to laws be put on the
ballot if enough signatures are collected
• Referendum: voters approve or disapprove state
legislation
• Recall: voters may vote someone out of office
26
– State and Local Government Intergovernmental Relationships: Part I
– Introduction
– Introduction Continued
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– Understanding State and Local Governments
– The Evolution of State �and Local Governments
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– The Evolution Continued
– Grassroots Power and Politics
– State Governments
– Slide Number 12
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– State Constitutions
– Executives and Legislatures
– Governors
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the�Executive Branch
– Governors and the Executive Branch
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– State Legislatures
– Direct Democracy
– Direct Democracy
– 1
– 2