Tag: PayPal Instant Download

  • [Solved] Help

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    – ## WEEK5ENGL102.docx – Thepenforhirearticle.pdf **## WEEK5ENGL102.docx** Read Abigail Witherspoon's article "This Pen for Hire," originally published in _Harpers Magazine_, June 1995, linked here. Links to an external site. _For your initial post, respond to one of the following questions:_ · She …

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## WEEK5ENGL102.docx

    – Thepenforhirearticle.pdf

    **## WEEK5ENGL102.docx**

    Read Abigail Witherspoon's article "This Pen for Hire," originally published in
    _Harpers Magazine_, June 1995, linked
    here.

    Links to an external site.

    _For your initial post, respond to one of the following questions:_

    · She opened by identifying herself as an academic call girl. Is this an apt description?

    · Does her trade violate Christian beliefs and values?

    · Is her trade justifiable in that no laws are being broken?

    · If you believe her trade is wrong, who are the victims being harmed?

    Your initial response (200-250 words)

    **Thepenforhirearticle.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/thepenforhirearticle-pdf)

    **Thepenforhirearticle.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/thepenforhirearticle-pdf)

    **## WEEK5ENGL102.docx**

    Read Abigail Witherspoon's article "This Pen for Hire," originally published in
    _Harpers Magazine_, June 1995, linked
    here.

    Links to an external site.

    _For your initial post, respond to one of the following questions:_

    · She opened by identifying herself as an academic call girl. Is this an apt description?

    · Does her trade violate Christian beliefs and values?

    · Is her trade justifiable in that no laws are being broken?

    · If you believe her trade is wrong, who are the victims being harmed?

    Your initial response (200-250 words)

    **Thepenforhirearticle.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/thepenforhirearticle-pdf)

    **## WEEK5ENGL102.docx**

    Read Abigail Witherspoon's article "This Pen for Hire," originally published in
    _Harpers Magazine_, June 1995, linked
    here.

    Links to an external site.

    _For your initial post, respond to one of the following questions:_

    · She opened by identifying herself as an academic call girl. Is this an apt description?

    · Does her trade violate Christian beliefs and values?

    · Is her trade justifiable in that no laws are being broken?

    · If you believe her trade is wrong, who are the victims being harmed?

    Your initial response (200-250 words)

    **Thepenforhirearticle.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/thepenforhirearticle-pdf)

    – 1
    – 2

  • [Solved] HR 8

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    Be sure to cite your sources, even if you only use the textbook. List and briefly describe each of the administrative issues that needs to be addressed in the planning stage of external recruiting. In designing the communication message to be used in external recruiting, what kinds of information sh…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Be sure to cite your sources, even if you only use the textbook.
    List and briefly describe each of the administrative issues that needs to be addressed in the planning stage of external recruiting.
    In designing the communication message to be used in external recruiting, what kinds of information should be included?
    What are the advantages of conveying a realistic recruitment message as opposed to one portraying the job in a way that the organization thinks that job applicants want to hear?
    What strategies are organizations using to ensure that they are able to attract women and underrepresented racial and ethnic groups?
    Traditional career paths strictly emphasize upward mobility within an organization. How does mobility differ in organizations with innovative career paths? List three innovative career paths discussed in this chapter, describing how mobility occurs in each.
    Compare and contrast a closed internal recruitment system with an open internal recruitment system.
    Refer to the following exhibit from the textbook publisher. It contains many suggestions for improving the advancement of women and minorities. Choose the three suggestions you think are most important and explain why. image.png
    Read the following Forbes article, https://www.forbes.com/sites/curtsteinhorst/2023/04/20/quiet-hiring-the-hidden-cost-of-neglecting-internal-talent/?sh=460376261271.
    What are your overall thoughts about this quiet hiring phenomenon? What stands out to you in this article? Have you or has somebody you know been subject to quiet hiring? Describe the setting, roles involved, and situation. Is quiet hiring an ethical or unethical practice and why?

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    – ## AnnotatedBibliographyAssignment1.docx **## AnnotatedBibliographyAssignment1.docx** **Annotated Bibliography Assignment** A bibliography is a list of sources used for researching a topic (this is our Works Cited page, under MLA formatting). An annotated bibliography takes the listing of sources …

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## AnnotatedBibliographyAssignment1.docx

    **## AnnotatedBibliographyAssignment1.docx**

    **Annotated Bibliography Assignment**

    A bibliography is a list of sources used for researching a topic (this is our Works Cited page, under MLA formatting).  An annotated bibliography takes the listing of sources quite a bit further.

    The annotated bibliography summarizes and evaluates sources for the purpose of establishing a deeper understanding of the material and its usefulness to the project at hand.  Instead of merely collecting information, researchers begin to understand what has been/is going on in the literature regarding their topics—to see what has been established and, perhaps, where their own research might fit into this growing body of knowledge.  An annotated bibliography is an excellent tool for understanding and evaluating research and applying it to your writing.

    _Your annotated bibliography should do three things…_

    ·
    **Correctly Cite**–provide precise bibliographic citation following MLA standards as it will appear in Works Cited.
    See
    _MLA Handbook_ 5.3.3 through 5.8
    .

    ·
    **Summarize–** explain the point of the source?  What is it about?  Is it argumentative, informational, or both?

    ·
    **Assess**–describe how this source will be useful to your work?

    Develop your responses to each section in block paragraph format (see example below).  Each paragraph should range in word count between 50-100 words.

    \*\*\*****

    **Sample Annotated Bibliography Page Entry**

    Botton, Alain.
    _The Art of Travel._  New York: Pantheon Books, 2002.

    A professional traveler and guide, Botton offers insight into unexplored frontiers still in existence on the American landscape.  This work is both informational and argumentative in that it shares points of travel with flawless descriptive prose while encouraging a different type of travel experience for the new millennia.  The author encourages a return to fundamental principles of appreciation and reflection—the simple things in life—as they relate to appreciating the American landscape.  He utilizes his own travel across the country to illustrate his points.

    This source is useful to my research in that it provides a unique perspective that I find refreshing in an age of technology-based instant gratification. The author is a well traveled, experienced writer who seeks to share a message of simplicity and appreciation for the land in its natural state.  He takes the good with the bad and ultimately lets readers decide for themselves if his viewpoints hold water. This source will help shape the way I will approach my own reflective work regarding travel.  Botton helps me make concrete what previously was abstract by breaking down the elements of travel so that nothing is missed or glossed over.  My thinking is not changed so much as it is solidified by his views.

    **Note:** each section has its own paragraph and that they are indented. The source citation begins each entry and only the first line is left-justified.  Use double-spacing with a return separating the source and each of the paragraphs.

    Your annotated bibliography must contain
    **fourteen entries**, distributed in the following ranges:

    a.
    **Internet**— 1 – 4 sources

    b.
    **Academic Journals, Articles, and/or Periodicals**— 4 – 7 sources

    c.
    **Academic Books**— 1 -7 sources

    d.
    **Biblical**— 1 source

    e.
    **Original Research**— 1 source

    The grading rubric for the assignment can be found in the Additional Resources area.

    **## AnnotatedBibliographyAssignment1.docx**

    **Annotated Bibliography Assignment**

    A bibliography is a list of sources used for researching a topic (this is our Works Cited page, under MLA formatting).  An annotated bibliography takes the listing of sources quite a bit further.

    The annotated bibliography summarizes and evaluates sources for the purpose of establishing a deeper understanding of the material and its usefulness to the project at hand.  Instead of merely collecting information, researchers begin to understand what has been/is going on in the literature regarding their topics—to see what has been established and, perhaps, where their own research might fit into this growing body of knowledge.  An annotated bibliography is an excellent tool for understanding and evaluating research and applying it to your writing.

    _Your annotated bibliography should do three things…_

    ·
    **Correctly Cite**–provide precise bibliographic citation following MLA standards as it will appear in Works Cited.
    See
    _MLA Handbook_ 5.3.3 through 5.8
    .

    ·
    **Summarize–** explain the point of the source?  What is it about?  Is it argumentative, informational, or both?

    ·
    **Assess**–describe how this source will be useful to your work?

    Develop your responses to each section in block paragraph format (see example below).  Each paragraph should range in word count between 50-100 words.

    \*\*\*****

    **Sample Annotated Bibliography Page Entry**

    Botton, Alain.
    _The Art of Travel._  New York: Pantheon Books, 2002.

    A professional traveler and guide, Botton offers insight into unexplored frontiers still in existence on the American landscape.  This work is both informational and argumentative in that it shares points of travel with flawless descriptive prose while encouraging a different type of travel experience for the new millennia.  The author encourages a return to fundamental principles of appreciation and reflection—the simple things in life—as they relate to appreciating the American landscape.  He utilizes his own travel across the country to illustrate his points.

    This source is useful to my research in that it provides a unique perspective that I find refreshing in an age of technology-based instant gratification. The author is a well traveled, experienced writer who seeks to share a message of simplicity and appreciation for the land in its natural state.  He takes the good with the bad and ultimately lets readers decide for themselves if his viewpoints hold water. This source will help shape the way I will approach my own reflective work regarding travel.  Botton helps me make concrete what previously was abstract by breaking down the elements of travel so that nothing is missed or glossed over.  My thinking is not changed so much as it is solidified by his views.

    **Note:** each section has its own paragraph and that they are indented. The source citation begins each entry and only the first line is left-justified.  Use double-spacing with a return separating the source and each of the paragraphs.

    Your annotated bibliography must contain
    **fourteen entries**, distributed in the following ranges:

    a.
    **Internet**— 1 – 4 sources

    b.
    **Academic Journals, Articles, and/or Periodicals**— 4 – 7 sources

    c.
    **Academic Books**— 1 -7 sources

    d.
    **Biblical**— 1 source

    e.
    **Original Research**— 1 source

    The grading rubric for the assignment can be found in the Additional Resources area.

  • [Solved] psychology

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    Executive Solution Overview

    – ## VideoGamesandAggressionAssignmentInstructions11.docx – ## VideoGamesandAggressionSamplePaper11.docx **## VideoGamesandAggressionAssignmentInstructions11.docx** PSYC 312 **Video Games and Aggression Assignment Instructions** **Overview** The purpose of this assignment is to explore, summarize an…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## VideoGamesandAggressionAssignmentInstructions11.docx

    – ## VideoGamesandAggressionSamplePaper11.docx

    **## VideoGamesandAggressionAssignmentInstructions11.docx**

    PSYC 312

    **Video Games and Aggression Assignment Instructions**

    **Overview**

    The purpose of this assignment is to explore, summarize and critically analyze a current research article as it relates to the topic of video games and aggression and then discuss a Biblical perspective on this research, and explain how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    The article must be:

    · From a peer-reviewed journal.

    · Empirical (it describes a specific study and will include the following sections: Abstract, Review of Literature, Methods, Results, Discussion).

    · Do not select a book chapter, review, meta-analysis, dissertation or any other resource except an article from a peer-reviewed journal that describes one specific study. If you have any questions about your article choice, please contact your instructor.

    · The article must be published within the last 5 years.

    **Critical Review Instructions**

    The critical review will examine one empirical study that focuses on the connection (or lack thereof) between violent video games and aggression. General suggestions for the length of each section are included below. Remember that the assignment requires at least 500, but not more than 700 words in addition to the title page and reference page. The critical review must include the following:

    1.
    **Section 1: Summary** (approximately one paragraph). Included will be:

    · The purpose statement.

    · Brief description of methods (what did the researchers do).

    · Results (include only the most significant findings).

    · Main findings/conclusions of the authors.

    2.
    **Section 2: Critical Review**(approximately 2-3 paragraphs identified with level-1 headings). Included will be:

    · At least two methodological* strengths and tell why they are strengths.

    · At least two methodological* weaknesses and tell why they are weaknesses.

    · A relevant critique of the findings (Did the results support the researcher’s conclusions? Why or why not?). Note that this is not a place to insert your opinion of the results but to examine whether the results support the researcher’s conclusions.

    3.
    **Section 3: Application and Conclusion**(approximately 1-2 paragraphs)

    · Summarize and compare the findings of this experiment with information found in our textbook related to video games and aggression.

    · Identify how this information agrees or disagrees with Biblical precepts.

    · Explain how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    · A final statement summarizing your reaction to this information (2-3 sentences)

    *A strength or weakness related to the methods used by the researcher. For example, was the sample size appropriate? Were the participants randomly assigned to each condition? Did the researchers attempt to make the sample representative of the general population? Etc.

    **Structure Requirements:**

    · Two documents will be submitted to fulfill the requirements of this assignment:

    · A PDF copy of your chosen article

    · Your Critical Review paper

    · Use APA current edition undergraduate guidelines (see the Resources section in prompt). (Include a title page, section headings, and appropriate citations).

    · Students may use first person references as needed in this paper.

    · Note that a reference page is required.

    · The body text must include 500-700 words.

    · Do not include direct quotes. Instead, paraphrase appropriately.

    · Turnitin will be used for this assignment.

    · Correct spelling/grammar is required.

    · Please refer to the grading rubric for additional guidance.

    Please note that you will submit two documents: 1) A PDF copy of your resource article, and 2) Your critical review of the article.

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

    Page 2 of 2

    **## VideoGamesandAggressionSamplePaper11.docx**

    3

    **Video Games and Aggression**

    Chris Sample Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Replace this with your name then click on the 3 dots above and choose “Delete thread.”

    School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University

    PSYC 312: Social Psychology

    Dr. Jones Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Replace this with your instructor’s name then click on the 3 dots above and choose “Delete thread.”

    February 29, 2024

    Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation?
    _Criminal Justice and Behavior_,
    _35_(3), 311-332. Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): This is an example of a correctly formatted APA reference citation. Replace this with an article that meets the requirements found in your assignment instructions. Remember to delete this comment. Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Note that this article would NOT meet the assignment criteria. Your article must have a publication date within the past 5 years.

    **Summary**

    In this paragraph briefly summarize the article. Include the purpose statement, a brief description of methods (what did the researchers do?), an overview of significant findings, and the main take-aways (findings/conclusions). Remember that each paragraph should include at least 3-5 sentences. Note that it is not necessary to cite this article within your paper as the entire focus is the article identified above. Also, do not include the full name of the article or the author(s)’ names in your text.

    **Critical Review**

    **Methodological Strengths**

    Describe aspects that indicate this was a well-designed study (think about validity, reliability, etc.).

    **Methodological Weaknesses**

    Describe weaknesses associated with the methods used in the study. Do not say that a weakness was evident in that it was confusing, difficult to understand, or included too many statistics. This could include things like non-representative sampling, a sample size that was too small, etc.

    **Critique of the Findings**

    Put your thinking cap on for this section and provide a critical review of the findings. Did the results support the researcher’s conclusions? Why or why not? Note that this is not a place to insert your opinion of the results but to examine whether the results support the researcher’s conclusions. You may also include suggestions for what could have been done better or ideas for future research.

    **Application and Conclusion**

    **Brief Summary**

    A brief summary and comparison of the results of this experiment with information related to violent video games and aggression found in our textbook. Remember that when you include information from our textbook (that would not be considered common knowledge) you must identify your source with an APA-formatted citation. An example of this is (Myers & Twenge, 2022).

    **Biblical Integration**

    A discussion of how the findings do or do not align with Biblical precepts. Remember to cite the Bible in this section and also include the Bible in your reference list. For example, the Apostle Paul writes about our position as children of God. He describes us as chosen, holy and beloved of God (English Standard Bible, 2001/2016, Colossians 3:12).

    **Practical Implications**

    A discussion of how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    **Personal Reaction/Reflection**

    First person references are allowed in this section as you will include a final statement summarizing your reaction to this information. Do you agree or disagree with the findings. Why or why not? How has this assignment changed (or not changed) your view of violent video games?

    1

    Note that the total length of your body text should include at least 500 words but should not exceed 700 words.
    **References**

    English Standard Bible. (2016). Literal Word.
    [https://esv.literalword.com/](https://esv.literalword.com/)(Original work published 2001)

    Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation?
    _Criminal Justice and Behavior_,
    _35_(3), 311-332.

    Myers, D. G. & Twenge, J. M. (2022).
    _Social psychology_ (14th ed.). McGraw Hill

    **## VideoGamesandAggressionSamplePaper11.docx**

    3

    **Video Games and Aggression**

    Chris Sample Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Replace this with your name then click on the 3 dots above and choose “Delete thread.”

    School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University

    PSYC 312: Social Psychology

    Dr. Jones Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Replace this with your instructor’s name then click on the 3 dots above and choose “Delete thread.”

    February 29, 2024

    Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation?
    _Criminal Justice and Behavior_,
    _35_(3), 311-332. Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): This is an example of a correctly formatted APA reference citation. Replace this with an article that meets the requirements found in your assignment instructions. Remember to delete this comment. Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Note that this article would NOT meet the assignment criteria. Your article must have a publication date within the past 5 years.

    **Summary**

    In this paragraph briefly summarize the article. Include the purpose statement, a brief description of methods (what did the researchers do?), an overview of significant findings, and the main take-aways (findings/conclusions). Remember that each paragraph should include at least 3-5 sentences. Note that it is not necessary to cite this article within your paper as the entire focus is the article identified above. Also, do not include the full name of the article or the author(s)’ names in your text.

    **Critical Review**

    **Methodological Strengths**

    Describe aspects that indicate this was a well-designed study (think about validity, reliability, etc.).

    **Methodological Weaknesses**

    Describe weaknesses associated with the methods used in the study. Do not say that a weakness was evident in that it was confusing, difficult to understand, or included too many statistics. This could include things like non-representative sampling, a sample size that was too small, etc.

    **Critique of the Findings**

    Put your thinking cap on for this section and provide a critical review of the findings. Did the results support the researcher’s conclusions? Why or why not? Note that this is not a place to insert your opinion of the results but to examine whether the results support the researcher’s conclusions. You may also include suggestions for what could have been done better or ideas for future research.

    **Application and Conclusion**

    **Brief Summary**

    A brief summary and comparison of the results of this experiment with information related to violent video games and aggression found in our textbook. Remember that when you include information from our textbook (that would not be considered common knowledge) you must identify your source with an APA-formatted citation. An example of this is (Myers & Twenge, 2022).

    **Biblical Integration**

    A discussion of how the findings do or do not align with Biblical precepts. Remember to cite the Bible in this section and also include the Bible in your reference list. For example, the Apostle Paul writes about our position as children of God. He describes us as chosen, holy and beloved of God (English Standard Bible, 2001/2016, Colossians 3:12).

    **Practical Implications**

    A discussion of how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    **Personal Reaction/Reflection**

    First person references are allowed in this section as you will include a final statement summarizing your reaction to this information. Do you agree or disagree with the findings. Why or why not? How has this assignment changed (or not changed) your view of violent video games?

    1

    Note that the total length of your body text should include at least 500 words but should not exceed 700 words.
    **References**

    English Standard Bible. (2016). Literal Word.
    [https://esv.literalword.com/](https://esv.literalword.com/)(Original work published 2001)

    Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation?
    _Criminal Justice and Behavior_,
    _35_(3), 311-332.

    Myers, D. G. & Twenge, J. M. (2022).
    _Social psychology_ (14th ed.). McGraw Hill

    **## VideoGamesandAggressionAssignmentInstructions11.docx**

    PSYC 312

    **Video Games and Aggression Assignment Instructions**

    **Overview**

    The purpose of this assignment is to explore, summarize and critically analyze a current research article as it relates to the topic of video games and aggression and then discuss a Biblical perspective on this research, and explain how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    The article must be:

    · From a peer-reviewed journal.

    · Empirical (it describes a specific study and will include the following sections: Abstract, Review of Literature, Methods, Results, Discussion).

    · Do not select a book chapter, review, meta-analysis, dissertation or any other resource except an article from a peer-reviewed journal that describes one specific study. If you have any questions about your article choice, please contact your instructor.

    · The article must be published within the last 5 years.

    **Critical Review Instructions**

    The critical review will examine one empirical study that focuses on the connection (or lack thereof) between violent video games and aggression. General suggestions for the length of each section are included below. Remember that the assignment requires at least 500, but not more than 700 words in addition to the title page and reference page. The critical review must include the following:

    1.
    **Section 1: Summary** (approximately one paragraph). Included will be:

    · The purpose statement.

    · Brief description of methods (what did the researchers do).

    · Results (include only the most significant findings).

    · Main findings/conclusions of the authors.

    2.
    **Section 2: Critical Review**(approximately 2-3 paragraphs identified with level-1 headings). Included will be:

    · At least two methodological* strengths and tell why they are strengths.

    · At least two methodological* weaknesses and tell why they are weaknesses.

    · A relevant critique of the findings (Did the results support the researcher’s conclusions? Why or why not?). Note that this is not a place to insert your opinion of the results but to examine whether the results support the researcher’s conclusions.

    3.
    **Section 3: Application and Conclusion**(approximately 1-2 paragraphs)

    · Summarize and compare the findings of this experiment with information found in our textbook related to video games and aggression.

    · Identify how this information agrees or disagrees with Biblical precepts.

    · Explain how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    · A final statement summarizing your reaction to this information (2-3 sentences)

    *A strength or weakness related to the methods used by the researcher. For example, was the sample size appropriate? Were the participants randomly assigned to each condition? Did the researchers attempt to make the sample representative of the general population? Etc.

    **Structure Requirements:**

    · Two documents will be submitted to fulfill the requirements of this assignment:

    · A PDF copy of your chosen article

    · Your Critical Review paper

    · Use APA current edition undergraduate guidelines (see the Resources section in prompt). (Include a title page, section headings, and appropriate citations).

    · Students may use first person references as needed in this paper.

    · Note that a reference page is required.

    · The body text must include 500-700 words.

    · Do not include direct quotes. Instead, paraphrase appropriately.

    · Turnitin will be used for this assignment.

    · Correct spelling/grammar is required.

    · Please refer to the grading rubric for additional guidance.

    Please note that you will submit two documents: 1) A PDF copy of your resource article, and 2) Your critical review of the article.

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

    Page 2 of 2

    **## VideoGamesandAggressionSamplePaper11.docx**

    3

    **Video Games and Aggression**

    Chris Sample Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Replace this with your name then click on the 3 dots above and choose “Delete thread.”

    School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University

    PSYC 312: Social Psychology

    Dr. Jones Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Replace this with your instructor’s name then click on the 3 dots above and choose “Delete thread.”

    February 29, 2024

    Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation?
    _Criminal Justice and Behavior_,
    _35_(3), 311-332. Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): This is an example of a correctly formatted APA reference citation. Replace this with an article that meets the requirements found in your assignment instructions. Remember to delete this comment. Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Note that this article would NOT meet the assignment criteria. Your article must have a publication date within the past 5 years.

    **Summary**

    In this paragraph briefly summarize the article. Include the purpose statement, a brief description of methods (what did the researchers do?), an overview of significant findings, and the main take-aways (findings/conclusions). Remember that each paragraph should include at least 3-5 sentences. Note that it is not necessary to cite this article within your paper as the entire focus is the article identified above. Also, do not include the full name of the article or the author(s)’ names in your text.

    **Critical Review**

    **Methodological Strengths**

    Describe aspects that indicate this was a well-designed study (think about validity, reliability, etc.).

    **Methodological Weaknesses**

    Describe weaknesses associated with the methods used in the study. Do not say that a weakness was evident in that it was confusing, difficult to understand, or included too many statistics. This could include things like non-representative sampling, a sample size that was too small, etc.

    **Critique of the Findings**

    Put your thinking cap on for this section and provide a critical review of the findings. Did the results support the researcher’s conclusions? Why or why not? Note that this is not a place to insert your opinion of the results but to examine whether the results support the researcher’s conclusions. You may also include suggestions for what could have been done better or ideas for future research.

    **Application and Conclusion**

    **Brief Summary**

    A brief summary and comparison of the results of this experiment with information related to violent video games and aggression found in our textbook. Remember that when you include information from our textbook (that would not be considered common knowledge) you must identify your source with an APA-formatted citation. An example of this is (Myers & Twenge, 2022).

    **Biblical Integration**

    A discussion of how the findings do or do not align with Biblical precepts. Remember to cite the Bible in this section and also include the Bible in your reference list. For example, the Apostle Paul writes about our position as children of God. He describes us as chosen, holy and beloved of God (English Standard Bible, 2001/2016, Colossians 3:12).

    **Practical Implications**

    A discussion of how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    **Personal Reaction/Reflection**

    First person references are allowed in this section as you will include a final statement summarizing your reaction to this information. Do you agree or disagree with the findings. Why or why not? How has this assignment changed (or not changed) your view of violent video games?

    1

    Note that the total length of your body text should include at least 500 words but should not exceed 700 words.
    **References**

    English Standard Bible. (2016). Literal Word.
    [https://esv.literalword.com/](https://esv.literalword.com/)(Original work published 2001)

    Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation?
    _Criminal Justice and Behavior_,
    _35_(3), 311-332.

    Myers, D. G. & Twenge, J. M. (2022).
    _Social psychology_ (14th ed.). McGraw Hill

    **## VideoGamesandAggressionAssignmentInstructions11.docx**

    PSYC 312

    **Video Games and Aggression Assignment Instructions**

    **Overview**

    The purpose of this assignment is to explore, summarize and critically analyze a current research article as it relates to the topic of video games and aggression and then discuss a Biblical perspective on this research, and explain how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    The article must be:

    · From a peer-reviewed journal.

    · Empirical (it describes a specific study and will include the following sections: Abstract, Review of Literature, Methods, Results, Discussion).

    · Do not select a book chapter, review, meta-analysis, dissertation or any other resource except an article from a peer-reviewed journal that describes one specific study. If you have any questions about your article choice, please contact your instructor.

    · The article must be published within the last 5 years.

    **Critical Review Instructions**

    The critical review will examine one empirical study that focuses on the connection (or lack thereof) between violent video games and aggression. General suggestions for the length of each section are included below. Remember that the assignment requires at least 500, but not more than 700 words in addition to the title page and reference page. The critical review must include the following:

    1.
    **Section 1: Summary** (approximately one paragraph). Included will be:

    · The purpose statement.

    · Brief description of methods (what did the researchers do).

    · Results (include only the most significant findings).

    · Main findings/conclusions of the authors.

    2.
    **Section 2: Critical Review**(approximately 2-3 paragraphs identified with level-1 headings). Included will be:

    · At least two methodological* strengths and tell why they are strengths.

    · At least two methodological* weaknesses and tell why they are weaknesses.

    · A relevant critique of the findings (Did the results support the researcher’s conclusions? Why or why not?). Note that this is not a place to insert your opinion of the results but to examine whether the results support the researcher’s conclusions.

    3.
    **Section 3: Application and Conclusion**(approximately 1-2 paragraphs)

    · Summarize and compare the findings of this experiment with information found in our textbook related to video games and aggression.

    · Identify how this information agrees or disagrees with Biblical precepts.

    · Explain how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    · A final statement summarizing your reaction to this information (2-3 sentences)

    *A strength or weakness related to the methods used by the researcher. For example, was the sample size appropriate? Were the participants randomly assigned to each condition? Did the researchers attempt to make the sample representative of the general population? Etc.

    **Structure Requirements:**

    · Two documents will be submitted to fulfill the requirements of this assignment:

    · A PDF copy of your chosen article

    · Your Critical Review paper

    · Use APA current edition undergraduate guidelines (see the Resources section in prompt). (Include a title page, section headings, and appropriate citations).

    · Students may use first person references as needed in this paper.

    · Note that a reference page is required.

    · The body text must include 500-700 words.

    · Do not include direct quotes. Instead, paraphrase appropriately.

    · Turnitin will be used for this assignment.

    · Correct spelling/grammar is required.

    · Please refer to the grading rubric for additional guidance.

    Please note that you will submit two documents: 1) A PDF copy of your resource article, and 2) Your critical review of the article.

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

    Page 2 of 2

    **## VideoGamesandAggressionSamplePaper11.docx**

    3

    **Video Games and Aggression**

    Chris Sample Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Replace this with your name then click on the 3 dots above and choose “Delete thread.”

    School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University

    PSYC 312: Social Psychology

    Dr. Jones Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Replace this with your instructor’s name then click on the 3 dots above and choose “Delete thread.”

    February 29, 2024

    Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation?
    _Criminal Justice and Behavior_,
    _35_(3), 311-332. Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): This is an example of a correctly formatted APA reference citation. Replace this with an article that meets the requirements found in your assignment instructions. Remember to delete this comment. Comment by Cashion, Ginny (Psychology): Note that this article would NOT meet the assignment criteria. Your article must have a publication date within the past 5 years.

    **Summary**

    In this paragraph briefly summarize the article. Include the purpose statement, a brief description of methods (what did the researchers do?), an overview of significant findings, and the main take-aways (findings/conclusions). Remember that each paragraph should include at least 3-5 sentences. Note that it is not necessary to cite this article within your paper as the entire focus is the article identified above. Also, do not include the full name of the article or the author(s)’ names in your text.

    **Critical Review**

    **Methodological Strengths**

    Describe aspects that indicate this was a well-designed study (think about validity, reliability, etc.).

    **Methodological Weaknesses**

    Describe weaknesses associated with the methods used in the study. Do not say that a weakness was evident in that it was confusing, difficult to understand, or included too many statistics. This could include things like non-representative sampling, a sample size that was too small, etc.

    **Critique of the Findings**

    Put your thinking cap on for this section and provide a critical review of the findings. Did the results support the researcher’s conclusions? Why or why not? Note that this is not a place to insert your opinion of the results but to examine whether the results support the researcher’s conclusions. You may also include suggestions for what could have been done better or ideas for future research.

    **Application and Conclusion**

    **Brief Summary**

    A brief summary and comparison of the results of this experiment with information related to violent video games and aggression found in our textbook. Remember that when you include information from our textbook (that would not be considered common knowledge) you must identify your source with an APA-formatted citation. An example of this is (Myers & Twenge, 2022).

    **Biblical Integration**

    A discussion of how the findings do or do not align with Biblical precepts. Remember to cite the Bible in this section and also include the Bible in your reference list. For example, the Apostle Paul writes about our position as children of God. He describes us as chosen, holy and beloved of God (English Standard Bible, 2001/2016, Colossians 3:12).

    **Practical Implications**

    A discussion of how the evidence found in the paper might be used to solve problems or enhance well-being related to behavior and/or mental processes.

    **Personal Reaction/Reflection**

    First person references are allowed in this section as you will include a final statement summarizing your reaction to this information. Do you agree or disagree with the findings. Why or why not? How has this assignment changed (or not changed) your view of violent video games?

    1

    Note that the total length of your body text should include at least 500 words but should not exceed 700 words.
    **References**

    English Standard Bible. (2016). Literal Word.
    [https://esv.literalword.com/](https://esv.literalword.com/)(Original work published 2001)

    Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation?
    _Criminal Justice and Behavior_,
    _35_(3), 311-332.

    Myers, D. G. & Twenge, J. M. (2022).
    _Social psychology_ (14th ed.). McGraw Hill

    – 1
    – 2

  • [Solved] helpp

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    The only part that needs to be done is the highlighted parts that say "Nydreah" next to them. – ## Majorgroupprojectoutline.docx **## Majorgroupprojectoutline.docx** This time I divvied out job titles according to perceived strengths going off last assignment. That said if you feel better suited for…

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    The only part that needs to be done is the highlighted parts that say "Nydreah" next to them.

    – ## Majorgroupprojectoutline.docx

    **## Majorgroupprojectoutline.docx**

    This time I divvied out job titles according to perceived strengths going off last assignment. That said if you feel better suited for another section or subpoint do not hesitate to reach out. I want everyone to feel comfortable with this week’s task list.

    **Main I**

    -Damita: point A

    -Stacey: point B

    -Amber: point C

    -Veronica: point D

    **Main II**

    -Sarah: point A

    -Nydreah point B

    -Jose: point C

    | |
    | — |
    | Title: Should summarize our findings for all Four deliverables<br>Unifying Topic: What Scarcity is in the context of natural order and how it influences all aspects of production.<br>Summarizing idea: To discuss the way the nature of things impacts the wealth distribution and the existence of scarcity<br>Thesis Statement: <br>Introduction (1 paragraphs {300 words}) Amber<br>Introduce by explaining the various ways human desire effects the economy with examples. Discuss the economic entities birthed from a growing demand in various goods and services. Segway into the uneven distribution of wealth and the challenges of keeping up with the ever-increasing demand. <br>(Transition: The ways a government induces structure.) |
    | I. Main point {1,500}: Explain how scarcity and the economy play a role when shaping economic activity that is the most efficient in the production of goods and services that are most wanted by the consumers. Detail and explain any moral hazards (temptations to compromise morals) involved for consumers.<br>A. Define what scarcity is and how it to drives economics’ {500} Damita<br>B. Explain the human element of scarcity and its moral implications {500} Stacey<br>C. Give a brief overview of the process of production {200} Amber <br>_Intro_ _also_<br>D. Discuss the effect scarcity has on production {300} Me <br>_Conclusion also_<br>(Transition: The way structure affects the economy) |
    | This question has quite a few layers and serves as the spine for the rest of the essay that’s the reason for people were allocated to one question. This time research and writing are <br>_not_ divvied up between teams. One person is responsible for both the research and writing of their section. |
    | II. Main point How the wealth generated from production is effectively or ineffectively utilized to satisfy consumers.<br>A. What role(s) does the entrepreneur serve in the production and service process? {500} Sarah<br>B. Ineffective wealth distribution showing itself in inflation and unemployment <br>a. a. What were the three great paper money inflations of the eighteenth century, and what can be learned from them? {500} Nydreah<br>b. What is the cost of a high unemployment rate?{500} Jose<br>The next three questions seemed lighter and more like accessories to the main theme. As such I relegated them to the second main point. They involve more research but less adaptation to the main topic. |
    | Conclusion {300} Me<br>Paragraph that prepares the audience for the end of the speech,<br>presents any final appeals, and summarizes and wraps up the speech. |

    **## Majorgroupprojectoutline.docx**

    This time I divvied out job titles according to perceived strengths going off last assignment. That said if you feel better suited for another section or subpoint do not hesitate to reach out. I want everyone to feel comfortable with this week’s task list.

    **Main I**

    -Damita: point A

    -Stacey: point B

    -Amber: point C

    -Veronica: point D

    **Main II**

    -Sarah: point A

    -Nydreah point B

    -Jose: point C

    | |
    | — |
    | Title: Should summarize our findings for all Four deliverables<br>Unifying Topic: What Scarcity is in the context of natural order and how it influences all aspects of production.<br>Summarizing idea: To discuss the way the nature of things impacts the wealth distribution and the existence of scarcity<br>Thesis Statement: <br>Introduction (1 paragraphs {300 words}) Amber<br>Introduce by explaining the various ways human desire effects the economy with examples. Discuss the economic entities birthed from a growing demand in various goods and services. Segway into the uneven distribution of wealth and the challenges of keeping up with the ever-increasing demand. <br>(Transition: The ways a government induces structure.) |
    | I. Main point {1,500}: Explain how scarcity and the economy play a role when shaping economic activity that is the most efficient in the production of goods and services that are most wanted by the consumers. Detail and explain any moral hazards (temptations to compromise morals) involved for consumers.<br>A. Define what scarcity is and how it to drives economics’ {500} Damita<br>B. Explain the human element of scarcity and its moral implications {500} Stacey<br>C. Give a brief overview of the process of production {200} Amber <br>_Intro_ _also_<br>D. Discuss the effect scarcity has on production {300} Me <br>_Conclusion also_<br>(Transition: The way structure affects the economy) |
    | This question has quite a few layers and serves as the spine for the rest of the essay that’s the reason for people were allocated to one question. This time research and writing are <br>_not_ divvied up between teams. One person is responsible for both the research and writing of their section. |
    | II. Main point How the wealth generated from production is effectively or ineffectively utilized to satisfy consumers.<br>A. What role(s) does the entrepreneur serve in the production and service process? {500} Sarah<br>B. Ineffective wealth distribution showing itself in inflation and unemployment <br>a. a. What were the three great paper money inflations of the eighteenth century, and what can be learned from them? {500} Nydreah<br>b. What is the cost of a high unemployment rate?{500} Jose<br>The next three questions seemed lighter and more like accessories to the main theme. As such I relegated them to the second main point. They involve more research but less adaptation to the main topic. |
    | Conclusion {300} Me<br>Paragraph that prepares the audience for the end of the speech,<br>presents any final appeals, and summarizes and wraps up the speech. |

  • [Solved] Anatomy and Physiology

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    \ IMG_6271.png](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-6271-png "IMG_6271.png")

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    \
    IMG_6271.png](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-6271-png "IMG_6271.png")

  • [Solved] Child Development Theorist

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    Identify the theory for each theorist listed in the chart below. Provide an example and a personal example of each theory based on your practical experiences with early childhood programs. Theorist #1Provides a well-written, concise summary of the major ideas of this educational pioneer written from…

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    Identify the theory for each theorist listed in the chart below. Provide an example and a personal example of each theory based on your practical experiences with early childhood programs.
    Theorist #1Provides a well-written, concise summary of the major ideas of this educational pioneer written from the perspective of this person utilizing proper grammar, spelling and mechanics.
    **20** **ptsFull Marks**
    **10** **ptsPartial Points**
    **0** **ptsNo Marks**
    20 pts
    \
    Theorists.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/theorists-pdf-10315437 "Theorists.pdf")

  • [Solved] Advance Practice Register Nurse Role and Goals

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    look at file with instructions. These are the links you will use for this. 2 links below: https://nursejournal.org/careers/advanced-practice-nursing/ https://www.npjournal.org \ IMG_7943.jpg](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-7943-jpg-10315327 "IMG_7943.jpg")

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    look at file with instructions. These are the links you will use for this. 2 links below:
    https://nursejournal.org/careers/advanced-practice-nursing/
    https://www.npjournal.org
    \
    IMG_7943.jpg](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-7943-jpg-10315327 "IMG_7943.jpg")

  • [Solved] Business Finance – Accounting Individual Written Assignment 1

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    The Western Pennsylvania Minor Football League has three teams: The New Castle Kings; the Meadville Raiders; and the Kittanning Krushers. Each team plays the other teams just once during the season. The win-loss record for the past 5 years is as follows: Each row represents the number of wins over t…

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    The Western Pennsylvania Minor Football League has three teams: The New Castle Kings; the Meadville Raiders; and the Kittanning Krushers. Each team plays the other teams just once during the season. The win-loss record for the past 5 years is as follows:
    Each row represents the number of wins over the past 5 years. New Castle Kings beat the Meadville Raiders 3 times, beat the Kittanning Krushers 4 times, and so on.
    (a) What is the probability that the Meadville Raiders will win every game next year?
    (b) What is the probability that the Kittanning Krushers will win at least one game next year?
    (c) What is the probability that New Castle Kings will win exactly one game next year?
    (d) What is the probability that the Meadville Raiders will win fewer than two games next year?
    1. Name three business processes that can be described by the normal distribution. Justify your answer with at least two _scholarly_ articles on the topic.
    Be sure to show your calculations and explain how you arrived at your answers.
    ![](https://ciam.instructure.com/courses/1146/files/1119383/download?wrap=1)
    ### ![](https://ciam.instructure.com/courses/1146/files/1119395/download)**Paper Specifics**
    Although this is a working paper it is also a research paper; therefore, it should be developed, organized and presented using APA formatting guidelines – including the use of a title page, citations, headings, tables, figures, references and appendices (if applicable); _be sure to cite at least three scholarly researched sources_.
    Any calculations and graphs may be done in Excel, and then transferred to a Word document. All calculations should be clearly explained as to your assumptions and how you arrived at your answers.
    **Note**: Though the names of the teams in the case may be familiar, they are purely fictional; do not use external sources that discuss teams with similar names to support your analysis or any conclusions you draw.
    Neither an abstract or running head is necessary for this assignment.
    The submitted assignment MUST BE a Word Document.
    ![](https://ciam.instructure.com/courses/1146/files/1119383/download?wrap=1)
    ### ![](https://ciam.instructure.com/courses/1146/files/1119201/download)**General Guidelines**
    Most classes have a 2 paper requirement per course. Please be sure to address the following requirements when completing your papers:
    –  The cover page and reference page/s are not included in the above-stated page requirement. These should be in addition to page requirements.
    –  Papers need to be formatted in proper APA 7th Edition style.
    –  Each paper requires a minimum of at least three outside peer-reviewed sources for your references (unless stated otherwise in the guidance above).
    o   Acceptable/credible sources include: Academic journals and books, industry journals,  and the class textbook.   To include additional types of sources, please review the “Guidelines for finding and utilizing required references for your paper,” shared below.
    –  Using your textbook is highly recommended to demonstrate that you have read the required material and/or are connecting new thoughts to the course text/learnings.
    **Guidelines for finding and utilizing required references for your paper:**
    For a formal research paper, you are required to locate, understand, and integrate a certain number of peer reviewed journal articles and/or published books, as these are considered reliable and valid sources of information by academics and industry.  The best source of these articles is to search through your CiAM Library (LIRN).  However, if you find a website you would really like to share in your paper, you can do so if it is NOT counted as one of your reliable/valid articles/books (i.e., goes above and beyond the required amount of reliable/valid sources), and if it is NOT the basis/foundation of your paper.  Otherwise, there is no way to demonstrate that:  1.  You have done true research and have given the appropriate level of thought to your paper; and 2. There is no way to validate that the information you have received off of the internet has been fact checked.
    **Here are some guidelines on how to think about this process:**
    1.  Using Wikipedia:  This internet source is very popular, and although there may be some great articles found there, there is no formal process (at this point) for what is posted to be fact checked.  Meaning, what you find there is not always true.  However, if you read an interesting article, you can go to their references, check on who they researched, then go to that ORIGINAL work (locate it in our library), and then read through that article and reference that article (not Wikipedia).  If you want to cite Wikipedia, you may do so if it follows the guidelines shared above (i.e., is NOT the basis of your paper, and is just a supplemental share going above and beyond the minimum required reliable/valid works).  You may also simply visit Wikipedia just to get more general information on a subject before you start your formal research process).
    **2.** **General informational websites and business websites:  These follow the same rules as shared above.**
    \
    Screenshot2025-06-07at8.03.10PM.png](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot2025-06-07at8-03-10pm-png "Screenshot2025-06-07at8.03.10PM.png")
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  • [Solved] Week 2 discussion peer reviews

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    **Respond** to **two** of your colleagues by sharing cultural considerations that may impact the legal or ethical issues present in their articles. Peer 1 ### Reply from Kevin Bruce The ethical topic I chose was informed assent/consent and capacity. Consent is an agreement with someone who fully und…

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    **Respond** to  **two** of your colleagues  by sharing cultural considerations that may impact the legal or ethical issues present in their articles.
    Peer 1
    ### Reply from Kevin Bruce
    The ethical topic I chose was informed assent/consent and capacity. Consent is an agreement with someone who fully understands what they are giving consent to. "This consists of receiving comprehensive information about a proposed medical treatment, procedure, surgery, or clinical drug or medical device trial and its possible risks; having all questions satisfactorily answered; and signing a consent form to undergo the proposed course of action" (De Vine,2024). The person who gives consent must be legally of age, which is 18 years old in the United States.
    ### Informed Consent and Assent in Children and Adolescents
    Children and adolescents are vulnerable when it comes to medication and  legally they cannot provide consent on thier own without a legal guardian or parent present. Ethically, some healthcare workers believe that children/adolescents should be heavily involved in thier health when it comes to making decisions. Assent is the agreement of someone who is not able to give legal consent. The way assent matters is if the parent wants to involve and respect the child's developing autonomy by including them in the decision-making process, even if the final legal consent rests with the parent or guardian.
    ### **Ethical Considerations for Adults**
    **2. Singh, B. S. T. P., Dixit, N., Samal, K., Mohapatra, L., Kar, B. R., & Nayak, M. K. (2024). Informed consent in pediatric patients.** _**Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology, 25**_ **(3), 262–264. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_40_24**
    The article "Informed Consent in Pediatric Patients" explores how medical professionals obtain consent for treatment when working with children. It explains that since minors cannot legally give full consent, parents or guardians usually make those decisions, though children should still be included through a process called assent. Different types of consent—like written, verbal, or implied—are described, along with exceptions in emergencies. The article also outlines specific age-related rules in India and emphasizes the importance of respecting a child’s developing autonomy in healthcare decisions. The article reports that assent should be sought for children/adolescents when developmentally appropriate.
    **3. Shah, P., Thornton, I., Kopitnik, N. L., & Hipskind, J. E. (2024). Informed Consent. In** _**StatPearls**_ **. StatPearls Publishing.**
    Shah and the other authors pointed out several legal concerns throughout the article.They made it clear that for consent to count legally, the person giving it has to truly understand what they’re agreeing to. This means being aware of the risks, the possible benefits, and any other choices they have, without being confused, misled, or pressured in any way. Consent is legal evidence to carry on for treatment and is usually discussed and signed at the beginning. If there is a language barrier, an interpreter must be present. The right to refuse treatment must be respected by healthcare workers to avoid futher problems such as malpractice, claims of negligence and battery. The article also mentioned that if the consent process is poorly conducted it can result into legal action.
    **4. Alotaibi T. S. (2024). Ethical Challenges with the Informed Consent Process in Pediatric Research Studies.** _**Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)**_ **,** _**78**_ **(1), 65–67. https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2024.78.65-67**
    In the article, Alotaibi (2024) points out that while getting consent from a parent is legally required in pediatric research, it’s also ethically important to include the child in the process through assent. He explains that giving children a voice in decisions about their participation respects their growing ability to think for themselves. Ethically, it’s not enough to treat children as passive participants—researchers have a duty to involve them in a way that’s appropriate for their age and understanding. This means talking to them in simple terms they can follow and making sure they don’t feel pressured to say yes.
    ### **Clarifying Consent and Assent in Medical and Research Settings**
    The article "Informed Consent in Clinical Research: Revisiting Few Concepts and Areas" by Arun Bhatt takes a closer look at what makes consent legally sound in research involving adults. It explains that for consent to hold up legally, the person giving it must fully understand what they’re agreeing to, including the purpose of the study, its risks, and any other options they might have. The article also emphasizes the importance of verifying someone's mental capacity to make such decisions and stresses that consent should always be given freely, without any pressure. Lastly, it reminds researchers that participants have the right to walk away at any time—and that this right needs to be clearly explained from the beginning.
    **References:**
    Alotaibi T. S. (2024). Ethical Challenges with the Informed Consent Process in Pediatric Research Studies. _Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)_, _78_(1), 65–67. https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2024.78.65-67
    De Vine, C. L. (2024). Informed consent. _Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health_. Research Starters database.
    Shah, P., Thornton, I., Kopitnik, N. L., & Hipskind, J. E. (2024). Informed Consent. In _StatPearls_. StatPearls Publishing.
    Singh, B. S. T. P., Dixit, N., Samal, K., Mohapatra, L., Kar, B. R., & Nayak, M. K. (2024). Informed consent in pediatric patients. _Indian Journal of Paediatric Dermatology, 25_(3), 262–264. [https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_40_24Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_40_24)
    peer 2
    [**Sherline Sauveur**](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/173413/users/16324) J
    ### Reply from Sherline Sauveur
    **Discussion: Ethical and Legal Considerations of Informed Consent and Capacity in PMHNP Practice**
    **Selected Topic: Informed Consent and Capacity**
    Informed consent is a cornerstone of ethical psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) practice, ensuring respect for patient autonomy and self-determination. However, assessing a patient's capacity to provide informed consent presents unique challenges, especially when comparing adult and pediatric populations.
    **Ethical Considerations**
    **Adults:** The ethical principle of autonomy underpins the requirement for informed consent in adult psychiatric care. Patients must have the capacity to understand, appreciate, reason about, and express a choice regarding their treatment options (WCG Clinical, n.d.; American Medical Association, n.d.). Mental health conditions can impair these abilities, necessitating careful assessment by clinicians. Ethically, practitioners must balance respect for autonomy with beneficence, ensuring that patients receive appropriate care without coercion (Verywell Mind, n.d.).
    **Children and Adolescents:** In pediatric populations, the ethical landscape is more complex due to the involvement of guardians in decision-making. While parents or legal guardians provide consent, obtaining the child's assent is ethically important, respecting their developing autonomy (PubMed Central, n.d.). The degree of assent required varies with the child's age and maturity (PubMed Central, n.d.).
    **Legal Considerations**
    **Adults:** Legally, adults are presumed competent to consent to treatment unless adjudicated otherwise. Landmark cases, such as _Rogers v. Okin_, affirm the right of competent psychiatric patients to refuse treatment, emphasizing the necessity of respecting patient autonomy and due process (American Medical Association, n.d.).
    **Children and Adolescents:** Legal standards for minors vary by jurisdiction. Generally, minors cannot consent to treatment; however, exceptions exist under the "mature minor doctrine," where adolescents deemed sufficiently mature may consent to certain treatments without parental involvement (Rosato, 1996). Additionally, specific statutes may allow minors to consent to treatments related to sexual health, substance abuse, or mental health services (Rosato, 1996)
    **Application to Clinical Practice in Georgia**
    In Georgia, PMHNPs must navigate state-specific laws regarding informed consent and capacity. Adults are presumed competent; however, if a patient exhibits signs of impaired decision-making, a formal capacity assessment is warranted (PubMed Central, n.d.). For minors, Georgia law requires parental consent for most treatments but allows minors aged 12 and older to consent to outpatient mental health services without parental involvement under certain conditions (PubMed Central, n.d.). PMHNPs must stay informed about these legal nuances to ensure compliance and uphold ethical standards.
    **Conclusion**
    Understanding the ethical and legal dimensions of informed consent and capacity is vital for PMHNPs. By carefully assessing each patient's ability to consent and being aware of jurisdiction-specific laws, practitioners can uphold ethical principles and provide patient-centered care across the lifespan.
    **References**
    American Medical Association. (n.d.). _Code of medical ethics_. https://code-medical-ethics.ama-assn.org/
    PubMed Central. (n.d.). _Decisional capacity to consent to treatment in children and adolescents._ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
    Rosato, J. L. (1996). _Let’s Get Real: Quilting a Principled Doctrine of Adolescent Medical Decision-Making. University of Pennsylvania Law Review_, 144(2), 227–317. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review/vol144/iss2/1/
    Verywell Mind. (n.d.). _Informed consent in mental health_. https://www.verywellmind.com/
    WCG Clinical. (n.d.). _Informed consent in adult psychiatry._ https://www.wcgclinical.com/