Category: Nursing

Article Comparison Table – Current health care issue in the United States

Choose two research articles published by a scholarly (peer-reviewed) journal on a current health care issue in the United States, controversial or otherwise.

Topics:

Suggested topics may include:

A study of vaccinations and autism rates

Maternal health, fetal health, or elder health

Disease-based studies, such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease

The increasing rates of caesarean sections in birthrates

Managed health care in the United States

Any of the leading Health Indicator topics (2020 LHI Topics) profiled in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Healthy People 2020 initiative website

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Part One

Complete the attached “Article Comparison Table” to compare the two articles in terms of content, research methods, focus of the study, target audiences and subjects, and their possible impacts on the future of health care delivery.

Part Two

Write a 500-750 words Article Comparison Table – Current health care issue in the United States analysis that includes the following:

A summary of the topic you chose with rationale. (This may have personal significance to you or it may be a topic of particular interest that you have seen in the news.)

An explanation of the significance of the two research studies to health care delivery in the United States.

A description of the major functions provided by research and data monitoring of health care delivery in the United States.

Identification of potential environments within health care delivery appropriate to research and data monitoring.

Your assessment of the impact of the studies in your chosen articles in regards to health care delivery, incorporating and expanding on the information you provided in Part One. Were the studies intended to change or influence health care delivery? If so, how? If not, what are the implications of each study for health care delivery?

Your assessment of the role the allied health professional plays, or could play, in research and data monitoring of health care delivery in the United States.

Attach the “Article Comparison Table” to your written analysis and submit as one document.

Prepare this Article Comparison Table – Current health care issue in the United States assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this Article Comparison Table – Current health care issue in the United States assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

HLT-314V-RS-ArticleComparisonTable.docx

Article Comparison Table – Current health care issue in the United States

DNP Project Proposal – Utilizing Nursing Education and Intervention as a Method to Decrease Emergency Department (ED) Visits for Headache

INSTRUTIONS:  
DNP Project Proposal (20–35 pages, plus references) is a detailed plan for carrying out the DNP Project. The Proposal builds on the approved Premise and will be presented to the DNP Project Committee in written form .

1.Abstract

2.Table of contents

  3. Section 1: Nature of the Problem

4:Introduction

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5:Background

6:Problem Statement

Provide a one- to two-paragraph statement that establishes the relevance of this problem:

1.     Summarize preliminary, supporting evidence that provides justification that this problem is meaningful and relevant to the local setting as well as the broader field of nursing practice, citing key scholarly sources.

2.     Explicitly state the gap in nursing practice or problem that will be your focus of this doctoral project

7: Problem Statement

8: Purpose Statement; 

9: Project Question

10: Framework for the Project

11: Implications for Social Change

How this will impact social change? Does this project support the mission of Walden University to promote positive social change?

12: Definition of Terms

13: Assumptions

14: Scope and Delimitations

15: Limitations

16: Significance

17: Summary

18: References

Use APA format for this prospectus. Include a minimum of five APA-formatted peer-reviewed references for all citations in the Doctoral Project Prospectus.

 

Abstract

The practice problem identified is headache sufferers are not adequately getting their headaches controlled.  They are utilizing the emergency room for pain control which only gives them immediate control but not long-term control.  The emergency rooms are becoming overcrowded.  Controlling headache patients pain will help keep them out of the emergency room and help to decrease the overcrowding of the emergency rooms.   Controlling the headache pains will also help decrease costs to consumers and the healthcare system.  Case managers can help not only educate these patients, but they can increase better continuity of care and be able to provide feedback to the physicians.  The better educated these patients are, the less likely they are to go to the emergency room.  The practice problem question to be answered is to examine if an education plan along with a plan of care with primary care provider and network, will assist in increasing headache control and ultimately keep these patients out of the emergency rooms.  The purpose of this project will be to implement an education protocol for headache patients to evaluate usage of the emergency department for headache pain control. Models that will be useful for this project are Pender’s Health Promotion Model and the Health Belief Model.  These models will help to evaluate individuals and how they interact and behave in order to be able to change their behavior and help them to control their headache pain. This protocol can be included for provider’s and case managers within a clinically integrated network so that a greater number of patients can be managed effectively to decrease emergency room visits.  The expected results will be this educational protocol will help patients control their headaches better and will assist in decreasing emergency room visits.  The implications of this project will include increased control on headaches, decrease emergency room visits from headaches, and better quality of life for headache patients.

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Table of Contents

Section 1: Nature of the Problem …………………………………………………………3

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

Background……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

Problem Statement…………………………………………………………………………………………… 4

Purpose Statement…………………………………………………………………………………………… 6

Project Question……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6

Framework for the Project………………………………………………………………………………… 7

Implications for Social Change………………………………………………………………………….. 7

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………………………………. 8

Assumptions…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9

Scope and Delimitations…………………………………………………………………………………… 9

Limitations……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10

Significance………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10

Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10

Section 2: Background and Context……………………………………………………………………… 12

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12

Literature Search Strategy………………………………………………………………………………. 12

Concepts, Models and Theories……………………………………………………………………….. 13

Systematic Literature Review Related to Methods…………………………………………….. 15

Role of the DNP Student……………………………………………………………………………….. 15

Role of the Project Team………………………………………………………………………………… 15

Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16

Section 3: Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………. 17

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17

Project Design and Methods…………………………………………………………………………… 17

Exclusion Criteria………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18

Inclusion Criteria…………………………………………………………………………………………… 18

Data Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18

Protection of Human Rights……………………………………………………………………………. 19

Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19

References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21

 

 

 

Section 1: Nature of the Problem

Introduction

The healthcare field is forever changing; therefore, nurses need to be on top of new and improved evidence-based practice.  Evidence-based research needs to be done to maintain patient safety and best possible outcomes. One issue that should be investigated is how to manage chronic headaches effectively. Patients with chronic headaches take up resources, time and space in the emergency room. According to Migraine Research Foundation (2017) migraines are a prevalent neurological disease which affects 38 million people in the United States and one billion worldwide.  These patients typically have a hard time with the management of their headaches once they start.  Most patients will go through their plan of care, if they have one, and then end up in the emergency department (ED) for pain management when all else fails.  Coming up with an educational plan, to educate these patients will help decrease emergency department visits and have better patient outcomes at home.

Background

In a review of emergency room visits within Sentara Quality Care Network, for inappropriate emergency department visits, headaches were noted as the number one reason for visits.  Decreasing the emergency department visits for headaches will be a start to providing these patients with appropriate care for better outcomes.  The practice setting would take place with case managers in an outpatient setting, over the phone or at the patient’s home.  This writers’ clinical setting for this project takes place with Clinical Integrated Network of approximately 3,000 physicians.  This network has contracts with several self-ensured entities and an insurer in making sure that they are giving the best care possible.  This network has case managers who call and visit with patients to make sure that they are following their treatment plan. These case managers can look in their database to see which patients have been discharged from the emergency and for what. They can identify which patients, once discharged, will benefit from this protocol.  They can then begin using this new educational protocol as part of their case management and be able to track them to make sure they are staying out of the emergency room.  The trigger for the case managers will be when the patients visit the emergency department for a complaint of a headache.  These case managers will be able to poll those who have visited the emergency department within the next six months with a questionnaire.  They will work closely with the patients as well as the providers to make sure that the protocol is being followed in which they will include the triple aim; right care, right place and right cost.  This education will help the patients to receive the best possible evidence-based care and will have a better quality of life.

Problem Statement

Within the United States, there is an overuse of the emergency department (ED).  According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017), there are approximately 130.4 million emergency department visits per year.  According to Weiss, Wier, Stocks, and Blanchard (2014), there were over 131 million emergency department visits in 2008. This report shows that there has not been much of a decrease in emergency department visits over the last nine years.  Patients are using the emergency department for primary care issues which hinder the emergency department’s ability to be available and ready for the sick patients that truly need the emergency department care.  According to Lucado, Paez, and Elixhauser (2011), there were over 3 million emergency department visits where patients complain of headaches as the first line diagnosis; also, there were 2.5 million emergency department visits where a headache was the secondary diagnosis. Headaches are approximately 4.5 percent of all emergency department visits.  According to Minen, Loder, and Friedman (2014), there are over 800,000 emergency department visits for migraine patients annually.  According to Smitherman, Burch, Sheikh, and Loder (2013), the third leading cause of emergency department visits was head pain. This evidence shows that there has been a slight increase in emergency department visits for headaches. According to Skinner, Blanchard, and Elixhauser (2014), there was a one percent increase from 2006-2011 in emergency department visits for headaches.  Headache patients are using the emergency room more than they should.  The emergency room has a high number of emergency room visits each year which is causing overcrowding in the emergency rooms. There needs to be a way to get the non-emergent visits out of them and back to their primary care or educate them to care for themselves at home.  Headaches are the number one diagnosis in the population served by the Network.   Getting these patients, the right tools, education, and treatment plan will be essential to keeping these patients out of the emergency room. DNP Project Proposal – Utilizing Nursing Education and Intervention as a Method to Decrease Emergency Department (ED) Visits for Headache.

Purpose Statement

The purpose of this quality improvement project is to examine the effect of a targeted intervention by a Nurse Care Manager on the repeated use of the emergency department for treatment of a headache.  This doctoral project will aim to implement structured patient counseling, based on a treatment protocol, and measure the rate of return visits to the emergency department for a headache.  It is proposed that the number of emergency department visits will decrease by ten percent for headache/migraine patients in an insured population.  A study done by Martinez et al. (2015), found that migraine patients who received a brochure and read the brochure have improved migraine control.  Education will be the most important to help these patients manage their migraines at home.  They need long-term management, and the emergency departments’ primary concern is to decrease a visit to the emergency department for treatment of a headache.  Developing an education plan that works will be the primary goal.

Project Question

The guiding practice question that will be addressed to identify the gap for headache patients. The question for this project will be:  For adult patients, aged 30-65, patients presenting to the emergency department with headaches, will an education protocol decrease return of emergency department visits by 10 percent within three months compared to the previous six months?  This project will be a quality improvement initiative based on evidence focused on a specific issue or need. The issue is that headache patients use the emergency department for headaches, which is not an emergency. Patients do not have a plan or may not be educated on managing their symptoms/disease.  This project aligns with other scholarly project conducted by doctoral prepared nurses because it is an application of evidence-based practice.  This project will evaluate current literature within the last five years, peer-reviewed journal articles, case studies as well as randomized control studies to support this change in practice.   Institutional Review Board approval will be obtained, data will be collected from this health system using a retrospective chart review regarding the number of patients that utilize the emergency department for headaches.

Framework for the Project

The theoretical framework that was chosen for this project was Pender’s Health Promotion by Nola Pender. This theory supports a positive dynamic state rather than the absence of disease.  Pender’s Health Promotion Model will be able to support and help change the patients’ behavior.  According to Khodaveisi, Omidi, Farokhi and Soltanian (2017) the Pender’s Health Promotion Model was used to plan for and change behaviors successfully for nutritional education.  There will be no way to get rid of headaches completely; we can effectively manage them with appropriate behavior changes and education.  This model has four assumptions and thirteen theoretical statements. According to Nursing Theory (2016), the major concept of this theory is the individual characteristics and experiences and prior behavior.  Changing the current educational level and behavior will help to control headaches.  Health Belief model is another theoretical framework in which will help support this change because this model focuses on behavior change as well.  According to Jones et al. (2014), they found that HBM will achieve optimal behavior change successfully if perceived barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy were targeted.  Nursing Theories (2012) stated that the Health Belief Model addresses someone’s behavior.

Implications for Social Change

The implications for social change that this project will prove that headache patients who suffer from headaches, to become better controlled so that they will be able to live a better quality of life. Many of these patients who suffer from uncontrolled headache pain miss many days of work and family time alike.  According to Serrano et al. (2013), they found that loss of productive time was costly and increased more rapidly with the patients that had a chronic migraine. Using structured education can help improve headache control. Braschinsky et al. (2016), found that general practitioners can improve headaches with structured education. Utilizing education means that these headache patients would have a chance to have better control, better life outcome and overall better quality of life.

Definition of Terms

Chronic Headache
is defined as headaches from time to time for a long period of time (Mayo Clinic, 2017).

Cluster Headache
is defined as a cyclical patterns or clusters which awakens patient in the middle of the night with intense pain in or around one eye on one side of the head (Mayo Clinic, 2017).

Education
is defined as the process of receiving information. (Merriam-Webster.com, 2017).

Emergency Department
is defined as a department in the hospital for the medical and surgical care of patients arriving at the hospital in need of immediate care. Emergency department is also called emergency room or ER. (MedicineNet.com, 2017).

Headache
will include a chronic headache, migraine, tension-type headache, and cluster headache.

Management
is defined as the process of dealing with or controlling things or people. (Merriam-Webster, 2017).

Migraine headache
is defined by severe throbbing or pulsating sensation and often accompanied by other symptoms, nausea, vomiting, and extremely sensitivity to light and sound, which can be disabling in nature. (Mayo Clinic, 2017).

Nurse Case Management
is defined as a collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation, care coordination, evaluation and advocacy for options and serves to meet the individual’s and family’s comprehensive health care needs that is led by a nurse. (ANCC, 2017).

Tension-Type Headache
is defined as a diffuse, mild to moderate pain in your head that often described as a tight band feeling around head.  (Mayo Clinic, 2017).

Assumptions

The assumptions for this project are if patients receive appropriate headache education, then headache patients will have better pain control and will decrease the utilization of the emergency departments. Headache education is defined as headache diary, identifying triggers, when to use certain medications, side effect, and purpose of the medication and when to call your provider. The systematic literature review indicates that there is a correlation between headache education and better headache pain control. Martinez et al. (2015) found that migraine patients who received an educational brochure and read the brochure have improved migraine control. This includes the concept of self-efficacy and will empower the patient to control their disease.

Scope and Delimitations

The scope of this doctoral project will be to identify headache patients through their visit to the emergency department. The patients identified will be contacted by case managers; there will be a questionnaire that will be used to gain information regarding their management of their headaches.  After the completion of this questionnaire, the case managers will implement a nurse-driven headache protocol which will help to manage the patient’s headaches more effectively.  Managing these headaches more effectively will decrease Emergency Department visits as well as allow these patients to have a better quality of life. With these patients not using the emergency department, this will also start to decrease the usage of emergency departments leaving more space, time and resources for those that need it. DNP Project Proposal – Utilizing Nursing Education and Intervention as a Method to Decrease Emergency Department (ED) Visits for Headache.

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Limitations

There are limitations for this project. The first limitation is that there is no control group and may be prone to bias.  The evaluation of symptom improvement is completely subjective. The researcher acknowledges that headache control can be complex and include other associated factors. The control of a headache as well can be associated with other factors which are not taken into consideration in this study. Study participants may or may not follow through the education given.

Significance

The significance of this issue is that patients are going to the emergency departments and they are just providing a quick fix for the moment. These patients need long term fixes and should be able to control their headaches for a longer period. Developing an educational plan for headache patients will be the key to ensure that they are taught what steps they need to take, what their plan of action is and therefore will be able to control their headaches at home. While keeping these patients at home for treatment will also help decrease emergency department visits, it will also decrease insurance costs and any potential out of pocket costs for the patient.  According to Stokes et al. (2011) found that chronic migraine had an increased amount of total medical costs then episodic migraines and that therapies that reduce headache frequency should be important to reducing headache related costs.

Summary

When designing a Doctoral project, the first step is to outline the problem statement, purpose, and question.  One problem that is identified was the lack of adequate headache control, which leads to poor quality of life, increase in emergency rooms visits and increase in medical costs.  According to Stokes et al. (2011) found that migraines had a total increase in medical costs.  Nature of the problem, significance to the nursing profession as well as the implications for social change will also be discussed.   Overall, giving patients more control of their headaches will lead to them having a better quality of life.

 

DNP Project Proposal – Utilizing Nursing Education and Intervention as a Method to Decrease Emergency Department (ED) Visits for Headache

Essay – Different types of drug to relieve pain

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Your first paragraph needs to
outline the different types of drug to relieve pain.
Then, you ONLY select ONE type of pain medication to describe the mechanism of drug action (Pharmacology) and the therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, you need to discuss the adverse effects, abuse potential, and toxicities of such type of drug (if applicable). Finally, you will describe your opinion of using such type of pain medication.

The body of the paper should be approximately 500 words (2 pages); there should also be a title page and a reference page. All sources must be cited in APA format.

Different types of drug to relieve pain

Your first paragraph needs to
outline the different types of drug to relieve pain.
Then, you ONLY select ONE type of pain medication to describe the mechanism of drug action (Pharmacology) and the therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, you need to discuss the adverse effects, abuse potential, and toxicities of such type of drug (if applicable). Finally, you will describe your opinion of using such type of pain medication.

The body of the paper should be approximately 500 words (2 pages); there should also be a title page and a reference page. All sources must be cited in APA format.

Human testing, the role of the FDA in approving new drugs, and the cost incurred by drug companies when developing new drugs

TCO 2 deals with new experimental drugs and the steps required

to bring new drugs
to market. The first application paper deals with this as well.

Describe the steps that are required to bring a new pharmaceutical to market. Address topics like human testing, the role of the FDA in approving new drugs, and the cost incurred by drug companies when developing new drugs.

NSG6420 – Unintentional weight loss

For this assignment, you will review the case study below and post a discussion for the class answering the noted questions.

You are evaluating a 78 year old white male who comes to your office today with unintentional weight loss of 10lb in the last year, self-reported exhaustion weakness based on grip strength, and slow walking speed, and low physical activity. Notes that he has been feeling worse over the past 6 months and just does not have the strength to do anything anymore. The patient states they are not currently on any medications except a multivitamin. He notes that he lives alone and does not want to leave his house. Answer the following questions with supportive rationale:

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What questions should you as the patient/family to further assess?

What screening tools would be appropriate in this case?

Do you have concerns with fraility in this patient? If so why?

What referrals should be made if any on this patient?

Obese with has a history of GERD

Mr. Thompson is an obese 50 year old man who has a history of GERD. 

He admits to eating fast food many times per week. Most of his dietetic choices are fried foods.

He takes Pepcid for his GERD, but says he still has reflux at night.

What recommendations and drug adjustments may the physician suggests?

 Explain your reasoning in a one-page report.

Walden NURS6501 Quiz Questions and Answers

Question 1

A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is:

Question 2

A 4-month-old female is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD). Which of the following assessment findings by the nurse will most likely support this diagnosis?

Question 3

A patient has chicken pox. How does the varicella replicate?

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Question 4

A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip. Upon returning home, she hugs her father, and he later develops poison ivy. Which of the following immune reactions is he experiencing?

Question 5

When bacterial pathogens enter a patient’s body, they can defend themselves from an immune response by:

Question 6

In discoid lupus erythematosus, skin lesions may be accompanied by Raynaud phenomenon, which is manifested by:

Question 7

When trying to distinguish between an infectious disease and noninfectious disease, what is the hallmark symptom for most infectious diseases?

Question 8

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:

Question 9

The incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in:

Question 10

A 5-year-old female was diagnosed with seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The treatment option for this disease is termed:

Question 11

A 51-year-old male experienced severe acute gouty arthritis. Which of the following is the most common trigger for the symptoms?

Question 12

A 4-month-old female develops white spots and shallow ulcers in her mouth. Her pediatrician diagnoses her with thrush. This condition is caused by:

Question 13

The pathophysiology student would correctly identify the etiologic agent of smallpox as:

Question 14

Copy of A 5-year-old female was diagnosed with seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The treatment option for this disease is termed:

Question 15

For a patient with candidiasis, which factor will exacerbate the condition?

Question 16

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:

Question 17

An 8-year-old female presents with edema of the cutaneous and mucosal tissue layers. Her mother reports that the condition is recurrent and seems to occur more often during stressful situations. The child is diagnosed with hereditary angioedema. Which of the following is deficient in this child?

Question 18

Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla. This causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:

Question 19

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

Question 20

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. He experiences elevated blood pressure, pupil dilation, “goose bumps,” and increased anxiety. Which of the following hormones is the predominant one released by the tumor?

Question 21

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is:

Question 22

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response?

Question 23

After teaching about stress, which information indicates a correct understanding of stress?

Question 24

0 out of 1 points

While planning care, a nurse recalls seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through:

Question 25

Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?

Question 26

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

Question 27

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?

Question 28

During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as:

Question 29

A 3-year-old is making play cakes in a sandbox and is eating the play cakes. The sand was also being used by cats as a litter box and was contaminated with toxoplasmosis. Which of the following would most likely also be present?

Question 30

A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?

Question 31

A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage:

Question 32

A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?

Question 33

A 10-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting wheezing and difficulty breathing. History reveals that both of the child’s parents suffer from allergies. Which of the following terms would be used to classify the child?

Question 34

A nurse recalls an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

Question 35

A 65-year-old female is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. She has developed muscle wasting. Which of the following substances would be produced in large quantities to eliminate the tumor cells and cause muscle wasting?

Question 36

When histamine is released in the body, which of the following responses would the nurse expect?

Question 37

An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial infection. Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?

Question 38

A 30-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fatigue, excessive sweating, and increased appetite. Physical examination reveals protruding eyes, and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production. This disorder falls into the category of type _____ hypersensitivity.

Question 39

Which of the following patients would be at greatest risk for basal cell carcinoma?

Question 40

A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

walden nurs6501 quiz questions and answers

Seasonal allergies and congestive heart failure essay

Consider this scenario:

Mr. Johnson is a 70 year male patient who is seen in your office for seasonal allergies
and congestive heart failure. He denies chest pain, but does admit to tightness when he breathes. Mr. Johnson says he was admitted to the hospital last month with pneumonia.

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Today, he is complaining of chest congestion with a productive cough. His vital signs are BP-168/100, P-120, R-24, T-101.3F.

Mr. Johnson has an Albuterol inhaler he uses for his asthma and he takes an ACE inhibitor for congestive heart failure.

What are some of your concerns for this patient? What may be causing his chest congestion? Do you think he has an infectious illness? Why or why not? Make sure you include sources in APA format in your response. Include sources in APA citation in your response.

NURS561 Essay Assignments Week 1 discussion

Discussion 1

This discussion prompt refers to the Pathways to Safer Opioid Use simulation.

After participating in the Pathways to Safer Opioid Use simulation exercise, reflect on the following.

Have you empowered a patient to believe they could make needed lifestyle modifications irrespective of the barriers that exist in their environment? Please provide examples. If so, you were engaged in health promotion activities as part of your nursing role.

Where there any strategies used in this simulation exercise that you use to improve patient health literacy? Are there any that you use that were not mentioned here? In your experience, how effective are these strategies?

What are some of the biggest challenges you encounter when trying to improve health literacy? What solutions can you offer to manage these challenges?

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Discussion 2

Choose two emerging populations, such as Latino/Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, or Black/African Americans. How do health issues differ between the two populations?

Week 2 discussion

Discussion 1

How should you respond if your health promotion values conflict with a client’s values?

Discussion 2

What ethical issue have you recently encountered when teaching health promotion strategies to a patient? What ethical decision-making process did you use?

Week 3 discussion

Discussion 1

How should you use Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns to assess individual health? What health screening interventions do you regularly participate in?

Discussion 2

What family characteristics may contribute to potential or actual dysfunctional health patterns?

Week 4 discussion

Discussion 1 Watch the Ted Talk video,

What if our health care system kept us healthy?

Watch Video

Rebecca Onie: What if our healthcare system kept us healthy?

Duration: (16:35)

User: TED – Added: 6/12/12

What role does your facility play in keeping people healthy? Would the Health Leads program work in your facility? Why or why not?

Discussion 2

How do the nutrition and fitness goals in Healthy People 2010 compare to those in Healthy People 2020?

Week 5 discussion

Discussion 1

What resources do you use to determine safety and effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine?

Discussion 2

Discuss some of the psychophysiological aspects of stress. Which evidence-based stress management interventions do you apply to clinical practice? How effective are they?

Week 6 discussion

Discussion 1

What methods can nurses use to actively influence health policies and legislation?

Discussion 2

Discuss the controversy regarding childhood immunization and the potential affect on community health.

Week 7 discussion

Discussion 1

What essential elements should be included in a health teaching plan addressing physical, emotional, social, and spiritual challenges in adolescents?

Discussion 2

Discuss factors that contribute to risk-taking behaviors and situations during adolescence. What impact might stress play on this age group? Do you see any connection between stress and common adolescent risk factors? Consider the findings from the 2013 APA report Stress in America on millennials (pages 19-21 of the report).

Week 8 discussion

Discussion 1

Please watch the film, And the Band Played On.

This film may be available on the Internet through free sites such as Youtube and Vimeo (please note: accessing these sites is at your own risk). You may also view the film for purchase online through sites such as Amazon or HBO.

What factors inhibited the early war against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Do you believe the AIDS outbreak could have been stopped? Why or why not? What role does advocacy play in the film? How much publicity does HIV/AIDS receive today? What’s the story of HIV/AIDS in the 21st century? Explain.

Discussion 2

How do occupation and culture influence psychosocial stressors that affect middle-aged adults? How does your occupation influence psychosocial stressors?

Week 2 Ethical Health Promotion Paper

Find a scholarly, peer-reviewed article no more than four years old that discusses an ethical health promotion-related issue. Use the WCU library databases to search for appropriate articles.

In your paper:

Briefly summarize the presented issue.

Describe your thoughts on the role health care professionals should play in resolving the ethical issue.

Provide specific theories and refer to specific ethical codes to support your position.

Your paper should be 2–3 pages long. Use APA to cite and reference the article and any other optional sources you use. Adhere to APA formatting throughout your paper.

Week 3 Community Strategic Plan: Part A, Community Assessment

For this assignment, identify an area of focus in community health within your own community.

Using Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns framework (p. 130 in your e-text), assess the health risks in your community.

In your community assessment paper, include the following:

Identify resources in your community that would enable you to complete a community assessment and submit a summary of your findings (1–2 paragraphs).

Refer to Table 8-2: Examples of Community Strengths and Concerns, and assess the strengths and concerns of your community (2–3 paragraphs).

Identify potential barriers to implementing community health plans in your community and brainstorm ways of addressing these barriers (2–3 paragraphs).

Plan ahead: Next week, as Part B of this assignment, you will select one (1) identified risk from this assessment to develop a community-focused strategic plan to address that health risk. It is recommended that you look ahead to next week’s assignment so that you can begin framing your chosen community health focus.

Your paper should be 2–3 pages in length, not including the cover and reference pages. Use APA throughout.

You must include 2–3 sources that are APA cited and referenced in your paper. (Sources may include community resources such as flyers, brochures, interviews, news stories, and local research data from credible sources.)

Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.

Week 4 Community Strategic Plan: Part B, Strategic Plan

For this assignment, you will research and prepare a community-level strategic plan that addresses a key public health issue.

Potential topics may include:

• Using prenatal and infancy home visits to prevent child abuse and neglect

• Preventing falls in the elderly

• Reducing population salt intake

• Reducing tobacco use among adults

• Preventing risky sexual behavior among youth and young adults

• Reducing drug experimentation among young adults

Include the following in your paper:

Introduction:

Provide an overview of the community health issue as described in Part A with identified causes and influences, including knowledge gaps.

Detail the prevalence of the issue inside and outside the United States.

Describe potential monetary costs associated with the issue in the United States.

You must include data as part of your introduction (images, charts, graphs, etc., may be included as well as written data).

Describe advance practice roles and management strategies that affect change at the community level.

Identify key community and social resources that negatively and positivelyaffect the selected issue.

Identify changes or enhancements in community-related services for your selected topic.

Develop a strategic plan that could decrease the prevalence of your selected topic.The goals for this plan needs to be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. Include how your plan takes into consideration health literacy, socioeconomic factors, and cultural differences.

Conclusion:

A summary of the goals and challenges

An assessment of the outlook for action/progress

Appendix A: Include your community assessment from Week 3 as Appendix A.

Your paper should be 3–5 pages in length (not including the cover or reference pages). Use APA throughout.

Include 2–3 scholarly sources that are carefully selected and appropriate to the topic. References should be current—no more than four years old.

Due: Sunday, 11:59 p.m. (Pacific time)

Points: 110

Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.

Before you begin, review some strategic plans to garner ideas for developing your own strategic plan.

ACL strategic plan (2013–2018)

A strategic plan to make improvements in the network of community-based long term care and supportive services for older adults and adults with disabilities in San Francisco

Week 5 Disease Analysis Paper

For this assignment, you will select a disease of your choice and conduct a detailed analysis of that disease, exploring it from a balanced traditional and alternative health perspective.

Begin by searching the Center for Disease Control (CDC) website Diseases and Conditions Index to choose a disease or condition of interest to you.

Next, review the website for Healthy People 2020 for information related to the disease or the disease category (e.g., mental health for ADHD).

In your paper, discuss the following:

Prominent aspects of this disease

Current data and statistics related to the disease

Health disparities related to the disease

Prevention strategies including complementary and alternative health therapies

Contemporary research and clinical studies related to the disease

An analysis of the pathophysiologic effects of stress related to the disease

Evidence-based stress management interventions that might help with prevention or cure

The paper should be between 3–4 pages.

Incorporate at least three scholarly sources within the paper. Sources should be no more than three years old.

Use proper APA format to cite and reference sources.

Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.

Due: Sunday, 11:59 p.m. (Pacific time)

Week 7 Adolescent Health Risk Seminar

For this assignment, you will develop and deliver a 10–15 minute seminar/workshop aimed at the teen or young adult audience on a specific health risk associated with the population. you will submit your presentation using the Kaltura recording tool within Blackboard. See the Getting Started with Kaltura link listed under the Resources area in your course menu to learn how to use this tool.

* If you predominantly work with a specific population and would like to present a relevant health risk seminar to that population, you must seek instructor approval in advance. Email your instructor through the Virtual Office.

1. Choose a health risk associated with adolescence. Some categories to consider may include:

Suicide

Pregnancy

Substance use and abuse

Motor vehicle crashes

Tobacco use

Sexually transmitted disease

Domestic violence

Mental health issues

Sexual identity issues

Eating disorders

Nutrition and fitness

2. As the health care advocate, you will present the following to the target audience (adolescents or young adults)in 10-15 slides or screens:

An overview of the risk factor

Contributing factors

Prevalence of the health risk (meaningful data)

Explain your role with the issue as a health care practitioner/advocate

Ways to identify a problem and address the issue

Present an activity or project or exercise for the audience to engage in related to the topic

Help and support resources

3. In your research materials, incorporate 3–4 current sources with one containing the most current statistics.

4. Use age-appropriate creativity to ensure the message gets across to the selected audience.

As you plan your seminar, consider:

How will you initiate a conversation (rather than give a lecture)?

How will you keep the attention and respect of this audience?

5. Use APA for citing and referencing your sources.

6. Keep your design and audio appropriate to the audience, yet professional. Your presentation must include both audio and visual components and be professional in nature.

What is a seminar?

See this week’s Resource folder for curriculum and topic ideas.

Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.

Submit your final presentation here for grading and post a copy in the discussion board to share with your peers

Due: Sunday, 11:59 p.m. (Pacific time)

Points: 300

Week 7 Final Adolescent Health Risk Seminar Presentation

Click the link above to post a copy of your final presentation to the discussion board to share with your classmates no later than Sunday, 11:59 p.m. (Pacific time).

(You must also submit it to the assignment folder above for grading.) In the final presentation discussion board, review and comment on at least four presentations by the end of the course (for a total of 4 comments, minimum). You are encouraged to view and comment on as many peer projects as you can.

Week 8 Global Health Risk Paper

Choose a global health issue. For this assignment, you will introduce the health issue and discuss the interventions necessary to prevent the issue and promote health.

Some topics to consider may include:

Anthrax

Bioterrorism

Cholera

Clostridium botulinum infection

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

Ebola virus disease

Escherichia coli

Human immunodeficiency virus disease

Malaria

Plague

Severe respiratory distress syndrome

Small pox

Suicide

Tuberculosis

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection

West Nile virus

Include the following in your paper:

Introduction/overview of the health issue and the prevalence in the United States and worldwide

Contributing factors

Prevention strategies

Signs and symptoms

Diagnostic tests (if applicable)

Advanced practice nursing role and management strategies

Medical/pharmacological management (if applicable)

Follow-up care

Conclusion

Write a 3–4 page paper following APA format. You must include 2–3 scholarly sources in your citations and references.

Review the rubric for further information on how your assignment will be graded.

Due: Sunday, 11:59 p.m. (Pacific time)

Points: 100