Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Descriptive statistics in nursing essay assignment

Explore key statistical concepts related to data and problem solving through the completion of the following exercises using SPSS and the information found in your 
Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research
 textbook. The focus of this assignment is to become familiar with the SPSS data analysis software and to develop an understanding of how to calculate descriptive statistics and make conclusions based on those calculations. As you formulate your responses, keep in mind that descriptive statistics only allow you to make conclusions and recommendations for the sample at hand—not for the larger population to which that sample may belong.

To prepare:

Review      the 
Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research
 chapters      assigned in this week’s Learning Resources. Pay close attention to the      examples presented, as they provide information that will be useful when      you complete the software exercise this week. You may also wish to review      the 
Research Methods for Evidence-Based Practice
 video      resources to familiarize yourself with the software.

Refer      to the Week      4 Descriptive Statistics Assignment page and follow      the directions to calculate descriptive statistics for the data provided      using SPSS software. If you run into any difficulties or problems, post      them to the Week 4 Discussion 2 area (see attached file)

Download      and save the Polit2SetA.sav (see      attached file) data set. You will open the data file in SPSS.

Compare      your data output against the tables presented in the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics SPSS Output      document (see attached file) This will enable you to become      comfortable with defining variables, entering data, and creating tables      and graphs.

Formulate      an initial interpretation of the meaning or implication of your      calculations.

To complete:

Complete      the Part I, Part II, and Part III steps and Assignment as outlined in      the Week      4 Descriptive Statistics Assignment page. (see      attached file for week 4 descriptive statistics assignment page)

 

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). 
Research methods for evidence-based practice: Quantitative research: Data analysis.
Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: 
The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.

In this week’s video, the presenter describes challenges to collecting and utilizing quantitative data and offers suggestions for assessing and improving data quality. The strategic use of quantitative data by health care organizations is also considered.

Introduction to SPSS”

Used by permission from SPSSVideoTutor.com A division of ConsumerRaters LLC., 1121 S Military Trail, 314, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442, USA

Descriptive Statistics”

Used by permission from SPSSVideoTutor.com A division of ConsumerRaters LLC., 1121 S Military Trail, 314, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442, USA

Note:
 The approximate length of this media piece is 12 minutes.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 11 minutes.

Top of Form

Required Readings

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017)
. Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence
 (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

Chapter      21, “Introduction to Statistical Analysis”

This chapter discusses the concepts of statistical analysis with regard to hypothesis testing. The chapter also identifies and defines common statistical terminology.

Polit, D. (2010). 
Statistics and data analysis for nursing research
 (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.

Chapter      1, “Introduction to Data Analysis in an Evidence-Based Practice      Environment”

This chapter provides an introduction to quantitative and qualitative data in evidence-based practice. The chapter introduces levels of measurement and types of statistical analyses relevant to different types of research studies.

Chapter      2, “Frequency Distributions: Tabulating and Displaying Data”

Chapter 2 discusses frequency distributions as well as the different methods of presenting data, especially when data are very extensive. The chapter includes information on the use of bar charts, pie charts, histograms, and frequency polygons.

Chapter      3, “Central Tendency, Variability, and Relative Standing”

This chapter examines the many ways data distribution for a quantitative variable can be described through shape, central tendency, and variability.

Software

IBM SPSS Statistics Standard GradPack (current version). Available in Windows and Macintosh versions. Please refer to the 
IBM SPSS Software
area in the 
Course Overview
 section on the left navigation bar for more information on how to install, register, and license this software.

Optional Resources

Bilheimer, L. T., & Klein, R. J. (2010). Data and measurement issues in the analysis of health disparities. 
Health Services Research, 45
(5), 1489–1507. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01143.x

Granberg-Rademacker, J. S. (2010). An algorithm for converting ordinal scale measurement data to interval/ratio scale. 
Educational & Psychological Measurement, 70
(1), 74–90.

This site provides step-by-step procedures and screenshots for working with SPSS.

Walden University. (n.d.). Descriptive statistics. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/educ8106_player/educ8106_descriptive_stats.html

Leadership Styles Essay

There are many articles and books written about the differences between managers and leaders. Leaders are visionary, influential in positive ways, value their teams, support their growth, and empower their staff. Leaders who are positive in their actions coach, delegate, and share recognition. Read the following scenarios and answer the questions given in each scenario.

Scenario A

Consider a time when you had the experience of being led by someone who was able to get you to achieve more than you thought you could. Based on what you learned about leadership styles, describe events examining how your selected leader worked by certain principles. In addition, report details of an event demonstrating how you were led to perform.

On the basis of the above scenario, answer the following questions in a Leadership Styles Essay :

What style did the leader exhibit? Describe events pointing out how your selected leader worked by certain principles.

Report details of the scenario demonstrating how you were led to perform.

How did you improve your overall attitude and motivation based on a supportive leader in the workplace?

Positive influence can help team members develop their skills and knowledge. Do you agree to this statement? Why and how?

How does working in a positive organization with supportive leadership encourage staff performance at work each day?

What leadership skills will you take from your positive experience and use when you are in a leadership position?

Scenario B

Now, recall a time when you were led by someone who could not motivate you. Describe events pointing out how your selected leader’s working style made subordinates feel uncomfortable.

On the basis of the above scenario, answer the following questions in a Leadership Styles Essay:

What style did the leader exhibit? Describe events pointing out your selected leader’s leadership style.

Report details of the scenario demonstrating how you were led in his or her team.

How did the manager’s action make you feel? Explain.

Which leadership behaviors do you think your selected leader lacked? Do you think the leader had ever had a chance to learn about leadership styles?

How important is it for a leader to be trained to guide and motivate the staff members to enhance team unity, enthusiasm, and positive attitudes?

What role should the individual staff member have to motivate himself or herself instead of relying on a manager?

Group Management for Just Culture Discussion

The concept of a fair and just culture refers to the way an organization handles safety issues. Humans are fallible; they make mistakes. In a just culture, ‘hazardous’ human behavior such as staff errors, near–misses and risky actions are identified and discussed openly in hopes of finding ways to improve processes and systems—not to identify and punish the individual.

—Pepe & Caltado, 2011

This Discussion examines the opportunities of managers in working with groups to promote change that facilitates the delivery of safe, high–quality care.

To Prepare

Review the information on just culture presented in the Learning Resources.

For this discussion, you will use the Regulatory Decision Pathway found in Russell, K. A. & Radtke, B. K. (2014).

Examine an adverse event at the unit level in your organization or one with which you are familiar and apply the Regulatory Decision Pathway.

Compare the findings of the Regulatory Decision Pathway  to what actually happened at the unit in your organization. Was the event deemed: 
bad intent, reckless, at risk, or human error
? According to the pathway, do you now think it was the correct action?

Think about how a nurse leader–manager may use just culture as a framework to create or maintain a focus on accountability and outcomes throughout a group. What actions could be taken if a systems–related error was made or if an error resulted from risky behavior?

How might role conflict and/or ambiguity have contributed to the situation?

Post
 a 
description of an adverse event
 in your organization and your analysis of the issue using the Regulatory Decision Pathway. Explain how role conflict or ambiguity might have influenced this situation. Apply the principles of just culture as you explain how you, as the group’s manager, would handle the situation.

Read 
a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

Respond
 to at least
 two
 of your colleagues 
on two different days
 using one or more of the following approaches:

Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

Reference

Pepe, J., & Cataldo, P. J. (2011). Manage risk, build a just culture. 
Health Progress. 
Retrieved from 
http://www.outcome–eng.com/wp–content/uploads/2012/01/manage–risk.pdf

Russell, K. A. & Radtke, B. K. (2014). An evidence–based tool for regulatory decision–making: regulatory decision pathway. 
Journal of Nursing Regulation
, 5(2), 5–9.

Marquis & Huston, Leadership roles and management functions in nursing, 2015

As a nurse, you are probably very aware of and can speak to the emotional reasons behind the need for certain major expenditures such as a new nurse’s lounge or replacing the current patient information system with a new digital system. You would love to see your nurses have a comfortable area where they can rejuvenate from a stressful day with patients. Alternatively, nurses carrying around PDAs would certainly ease the recording and transmission of vital patient information. However, as a nurse manager you need to be able to support those emotional appeals with reliable financial data. Having a place to refresh will help nurses be more efficient, and could reduce sick days and nurse errors. Being able to quickly access doctor’s orders and previous nurse’s comments allows for a more timely response to patients. As your responsibilities expand, you may find yourself at the table when decisions about capital expenditures are being debated. It is therefore to your advantage to understand the workings of a capital budget.

In this Discussion, you consider the impact of both financial and emotional factors in making a capital budget decision,

To prepare:

Review the information on capital budgets in this week’s Learning Resources.

Consider why it is important for nurse managers to understand the capital budget of an organization. How are capital budgets used in your own organization (or one with which you are familiar)?

Reflect on the importance of thinking strategically when developing this type of budget.

Identify a new piece of equipment you would like to see purchased by the organization. Consider how knowledge of capital budgeting could influence your approach to making the request.

Develop strategies for demonstrating the need for this capital expenditure that take into account both financial and emotional considerations.

Post
 an analysis of why it is important for nurse managers to understand principles of capital budgeting. Describe a costly new piece of equipment you would like your organization (or one with which you are familiar) to purchase. Explain strategies for demonstrating the need for this equipment to decision makers. Briefly outline how you could use financial data and emotional appeals to demonstrate the benefits of this purchase.

Complete as directed by the facilitator.

 

By Saturday, September 23, 2017, go to the Discussion Area and post responses to one discussion question as assigned by the facilitator. All responses should be posted to the appropriate topic in this Discussion Area. It is important to support what you say with relevant citations from both the course materials and outside resources. Include the South University Online Library in your research activities utilizing not only the nursing resource database, but also those pertaining to education, business, and human resources.

 

Discussion Questions:

 

Review the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation. Identfiy the massive innovation funded by the Affordable Care Act and discuss a model that relies on technology to promote optimal patient centered outcomes.

Review the National Quality Forum measures that can be accessed and used in the Electronic Health Record (EHR) to ensure quality metrics from an EHR endorsed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

By Wednesday, September 27, 2017, comment on at least two of your peers’ responses. You can ask technical questions or respond generally to the overall experience of attempting the question. Be objective, clear, and concise. Always use constructive language. All comments should be posted to the appropriate topic in this Discussion Area.

Hypertension in African Americans Research Proposal

Background

The racial differences in hypertension and the related complications for decades are recognized with African Americans having the highest risk compared to other ethnicities. Blood pressure readings have been consistently higher in African Americans with an early onset of hypertension. Despite awareness and treatment attempts, the problem of high blood pressure has continued to rise among the African American population. For this matter, various complications are associated with hypertension among this racial group (Allison, et al, 2014). Complications include end-stage renal failure, stroke, and congestive heart failure. In this case, research is focused and highly committed to determine factors associated with racial disparities in hypertension and addressing the essential need to the existing gaps. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to identify the high risk factors of hypertension and todetermine if providing health education and developments of community programs are effective in reducing hypertension in the African American community.

Statement of problem and purpose

The major problem of discussion of this study is the high prevalence of hypertension in African Americans than other ethnicities. It is important to explore the norm, behavioral, and the disease control beliefs of the African American population in relationship to maintaining self-care behaviors that are essential in controlling and mitigating blood pressure and preventing hypertension. This would act as the first phase of studies aimed at developing clinical tools that can be utilized by the health professionals to design or develop more effective interventions aimed at reducing the disparities and prevalence of hypertension (Allison, et al, 2014).

Research question

This research is seeking to answer a specific research question concerning hypertension. In this case, the research questions would be, does the development of community programs and providing health education reduce disparities and factors associated with hypertension in predominately African American communities versus a more diverse community?

Hypothesis

The puzzle of the high risk of hypertension among African Americans has triggered various hypotheses both research and the null hypothesis. For instance, it is hypothesized that there are some genetically determined and modified physiologic differences that exist between the African Americans and whites. In this case, the Creatinine Kinase found in AfricanAmerican’s muscles has greater amounts than the Caucasians. Creatinine Kinase tends to influence blood pressure. It is also hypothesized that the environmental factors such as psychosocial and lifestyle factors are important in the development of hypertension. It is hypothesized that the African American individuals tend to have high rates of obesity. Body mass affects blood pressure and the anthropometric measurements as it relates to the risk of high blood pressure.

Study variables

Study variables are defined as those factors or things that have quantity or quality that varies or changes. In this case, there exist both dependent and independent study barriers. The variables of this study include salt sensitivity, environmental factors such as psychosocial, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, genetics, and the body mass index.

Operational definition of variables

Salt sensitivity

While salt sensitivity should affect blood pressure in many populations across the world, there are racial differences that exist in the intake as well as the handling of the sodium and potassium. While the prevalence of salt sensitivity in African Americans and the Caucasians remains similar, the degree of blood pressure increase and changes shows disparities (Allison, et al, 2014).

Body mass

The racial disparities in the body mass index have been recognized and suggestive of differences in blood pressure and the prevalent levels. In this case, African Americans have been associated with high chances of overweight and obesity in various age groups. However, this body mass affects blood pressure and hence the high disparities found in such individuals (Weaver et al, 2017).

Lifestyle

Hypertension can be categorized as a lifestyle disease. Research shows that African Americans, are not associated with high rates of exercise and hence they have high chances of hypertension. On the other hand, the whites take part in exercise and this helps to reduce the excessive fat in the body and hence prevention of atherosclerosis that may lead to increased blood pressure (Sessoms et al, 2015). Meeting guidelines by adhering to lifestyle modifications through the success of the DASH diet, alcohol consumption and weight loss helps to reduce hypertension in African Americans (Sessom et al, 2015).

Psychosocial factors

Research demonstrates that the psychosocial factors play a role in the development of hypertension. These factors may include occupational stress, personality, housing instability, sleep quality, and support and remain essential factors in the development of hypertension.

Socioeconomic

According to Weaver (2017), it was identified that socioeconomic factors also correlates with the blood pressure. Residential distance may be an indicator of systolic dysfunction in the African American community. Living closer to primary highways are associated with cardiac remodeling in an understudied African American population. Primary highways with limited access are typically busier and have more air pollution that can lead to heart failure.  Those also closest to primary roads were found to have less education, lower socioeconomic and government assisted insurance (Weaver et al, 2017). African Americans who live in the United States usually suffer disproportionately high chances of hypertension when compared to other ethnic groups (Chor et al, 2015).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Allison, D. B., Edlen-Nezin, L., & Clay-Williams, G. (2014). „Obesity among African-American Women. Prevalence, Consequences, Causes, and Developing Research.“.
Womens Health
, 243-274.

Chor, D., Ribeiro, A. L. P., Carvalho, M. S., Duncan, B. B., Lotufo, P. A., Nobre, A. A., … & Barreto, S. M. (2015). Prevalence, awareness, treatment and influence of socioeconomic variables on control of high blood pressure: results of the ELSA-Brasil Study.
PLOS one
,
10
(6), e0127382.

Sessoms, J., Reid, K., Williams, I., & Hinton, I. (2015). Provider Adherence to National Guidelines for Managing Hypertension in African Americans. 
International Journal Of Hypertension
, 
2015
1-7. doi:10.1155/2015/498074

Weaver, A. M., Wellenius, G. A., Wen-Chih, W., Hickson, D. A., Kamalesh, M., & Yi, W. (2017). Residential distance to major roadways and cardiac structure in African Americans: cross-sectional results from the Jackson Heart Study. 
Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source
, 
16
1. doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0226-4

You will submit the Literature Review section of your Hypertension In African Americans Literature Review proposal. Each week you have been adding to your growing body of evidence to support your problem and proposed innovation to address the problem. The review of literature is a critical, analytical summary and synthesis of the current knowledge of your research topic. Thus it should compare and relate different theories, findings, etc., rather than just summarize them individually.

The following resources will help guide you (in addition to our course textbooks):

http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/ReviewofLiterature.html

http://www.duluth.umn.edu/~hrallis/guides/researching/litreview.html

http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/literature-reviews/

Writing the Literature Review: Step-by-Step Tutorial for Graduate Students: 

Writing the Literature Review (Part Two): Step-by-Step Tutorial for Graduate Students: 

Submit your assignment to the 
W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
 by 
Week 4, Day 5
.

Assignment 2 Grading CriteriaMaximum Points

Literature reviewed represents current scholarly literature.5

Literature reviewed represents a comprehensive review of the research topic.5

Review of the literature is a critical, analytical summary. 5

Review of the literature illustrates a synthesis of the current knowledge of research topic.10

Followed APA guidelines for writing style, spelling and grammar, and citation of sources for your Hypertension In African Americans Literature Review.5

In a written paper of 1,200-1,500 words, apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease.

Communicable Disease Selection

Choose one communicable disease from the following list:

Chickenpox Tuberculosis Influenza Mononucleosis Hepatitis B HIV Epidemiology Paper Requirements

Include the following in your assignment:

Description of the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Describe the determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease. Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. (The textbook describes each element of the epidemiologic triangle). Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collecting, data analysis, and follow-up). Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organization(s) contributes to resolving or reducing the impact of disease.

A minimum of three references is required. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain” and “Chain of Infection” for assistance completing this assignment. Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. NRS427V-RS-CommunicableDiseaseChain.doc

Learning Objectives

Students will:

· Develop diagnoses for clients receiving psychotherapy*

· Evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for clients*

· Analyze legal and ethical implications of counseling clients with psychiatric disorders*

Select a client whom you observed or counseled this week. Then, address the following in your Practicum Journal:

· Describe the client (without violating HIPAA regulations) and identify any pertinent history or medical information, including prescribed medications.

· Using the 
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders
, 5th edition (DSM-5), explain and justify your diagnosis for this client.

· Explain whether cognitive behavioral therapy would be effective with this client. Include expected outcomes based on this therapeutic approach. Support your approach with evidence-based literature.

· Explain any legal and/or ethical implications related to counseling this client.

This week we will examine important health indicator rates of countries.  You will use the World Bank Data found here:  
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator#topic-8
.

Scroll down to the topic “Health” and choose one (1) of the following indicators:

Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.ADO.TFRT

Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births)
 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT

Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)
 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN

Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.MORT

Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.IMM.MEAS

When you click on the health indicator of your choice, you will see a table with a list of 247 countries in the first column and dates in the top row.  Look at the most recent year data and choose one (1) country to compare to the U.S.

State the year, rates of the indicator you chose for both the U.S. and the country you chose, as well as the name of the country.  Include the units for the rates (ex. 6 deaths per 100,000 women) and discuss what it means and how they were calculated. Discuss the similarity/difference in these rates and why you believe the similarity/difference occurs?

Your post title should include the health indicator you chose and the country you chose to compare to the U.S. Do not repeat indicator/country combinations as there are plenty to choose from.

*************************************************************

ALL FORUMS

Initial Response
: Initial responses should be no less than 
200 words
 in length 
not 
including your reference(s) and 
supported by at least two references (aside from the textbook)
.