Pulmonary Embolism and Obesity Question and Answer
A client with obesity is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE). Which assessment data would the nurse expect to find?
Select all that apply.
Bradycardia
Chest pain
Chills and fever
Hypoxemia
Tachypnea
Tracheal deviation
Pulmonary Embolism and Obesity Question and Answer
Answer
Correct answer
2,4,5
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Explanation
A pulmonary embolus is a
blood clot
that usually originates from the deep veins of the legs (>90%), travels to the pulmonary circulation, and
obstructs a pulmonary artery
or one of its branches, resulting in decreased perfusion in relation to ventilation and
impaired gas exchange
(hypoxemia).
Clients are at risk for formation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) when the conditions detailed in Virchow’s Triad are present. Clients at risk for PE include those with
prolonged immobilization
(eg, during hospitalization if not ambulatory), obesity, recent surgery, varicose veins, smoking, heart failure, advanced age, or history of VTE.
The assessment data most characteristic of PE include:
Dyspnea
(85%)
Pleuritic chest pain
(60%)
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hypoxemia
(impaired gas exchange, decreased perfusion with normal alveolar ventilation, shunting)
Apprehension and anxiety
A more atypical presentation can be associated with a larger sized PE, and may include manifestations of cardiopulmonary compromise and
hemodynamic instability
(eg, right ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, syncope, loss of consciousness, distended neck veins).
(Option 1)
A classic manifestation of PE is tachycardia to compensate for hypoxemia (not bradycardia).
(Option 3)
Chills and fever can indicate the presence of an infection and are not characteristic of PE. However, a low-grade fever without chills can occur 1-2 weeks after PE due to inflammation.
(Option 6)
Tracheal deviation is a symptom of tension pneumothorax. The trachea deviates from midline toward the unaffected side, away from the collapsed lung.
Pulmonary Embolism and Obesity Question and Answer Educational objective:
Classic clinical manifestations of PE include dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxemia, and feelings of apprehension and anxiety. Risk factors for PE include those detailed in Virchow’s Triad (eg, hypercoagulability, venous stasis, and endothelial damage). Massive PE can cause syncope and hemodynamic instability.
A client is being admitted to the health care facility with a new diagnosis of
Clostridium difficile
colitis. Which elements of infectious disease precautions are necessary when providing routine care for this client?
Select all that apply.
Alcohol-based sanitizers for hand cleaning
Client in single-room (private) isolation
Nurse using N95 respirator
Nurse using sterile gloves
Nurse using surgical mask
Nurse wearing disposable gown
Clostridium Difficile Colitis Question and Answer
Answer
Correct answer
2,6
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Explanation
Clostridium difficile
requires
contact precautions
under the guidelines published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Place the client in
single-room
isolation (preferred) or cohort with other
C difficile
-infected clients
All surfaces within 3 feet of the bed are considered contaminated
Personal protective equipment (
gown and gloves
) must be discarded before leaving the room
Hand hygiene must be performed with
soap and water
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers do not kill
C difficile
spores
(Option 1)
Dedicated medical equipment (stethoscope, blood pressure cuff) should remain in the room
(Option 3)
For client care involving airborne precautions, a class N95 or higher grade respirator must be used in lieu of a surgical mask to avoid potential exposure to aerosolized particles. Surgical masks are rated for barrier protection for droplet splashing and filtration of large respiratory particles only.
(Option 4)
Regular clean gloves (not sterile) are needed.
(Option 5)
Surgical masks are rated for barrier protection from droplet-based disease transmission and provide only filtration for large respiratory particles. Masks are required during any activity with the possibility of fluids splashing (suctioning, wound care).
Clostridium Difficile Colitis Question and Answer Educational objective:
Clostridium difficile
requires contact-based precautions – private isolation room preferred, disposable gown, and nitrile gloves.
C difficile
requires the use of
soap and water
, not alcohol-based hand sanitizers, to prevent transmission.
A 6-month-old is admitted with bacterial meningitis. Which action is the
priority
of care? (choose one of the following bacterial meningitis nursing care options, the answer and the explanation is given below)
1.
Administering antibiotics
2.
Avoiding environmental stimuli
3.
Initiating seizure precautions
4.
Measuring head circumference
Bacterial Meningitis Nursing Care Question Answer and Explanation:
Bacterial meningitis
occurs when infection causes inflammation in the meninges of the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation may lead to hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Due to the risk for severe complications from meningitis and increased ICP (eg, hearing loss, permanent brain damage, death), the
priority
of care is
immediate antibiotic therapy
.
Lumbar puncture
(LP) with cerebrospinal fluid culture is performed to determine the causative organism. Antibiotic choice may be adjusted later based on LP results. The client should remain on
isolation precautions
for a minimum of 24 hours following initiation of antibiotic therapy.
(Option 2)
Clients with meningitis are often very
sensitive to stimuli
(eg, bright lights, noise). Although environmental stimuli should be reduced as much as possible, the priority of care is initiating antibiotic therapy.
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(Option 3)
Seizures may occur in infants with bacterial meningitis and are often accompanied by a
shrill, high-pitched cry
. There is no indication that this client has experienced a seizure. The nurse should carefully monitor for seizure activity and place the client on seizure precautions if necessary. However, antibiotic therapy is the most critical intervention in treating bacterial meningitis.
(Option 4)
Although obtaining an initial
head circumference
is necessary to monitor for changes related to increasing ICP, the priority is obtaining blood cultures and administering antibiotics as soon as they are prescribed.
Educational objective:
Due to the risk for severe complications (eg, hearing loss, permanent brain damage) associated with bacterial meningitis, the most critical intervention is initiation of antibiotic therapy. The causative organism is confirmed through LP and blood cultures.
Contemporary moral issue in our society and ethical principle of Utilitarianism
Choose a contemporary moral issue in our society and apply the ethical principle of Utilitarianism to approve and be in favor of this moral issue. You must pick a moral issue that you strongly agree with and apply the utilitarian claims to back up your arguments. In addition, you must apply Bentham’s Felicific Calculus. The paper must be done in MLA format with a minimum of 500 words (quotes are not included in the word count). You must read Chapter 2 and watch the Week 3 Lectures before you do this paper.
Use relevant journal articles to support your answers.
Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs Case Study
Mr. Juan Duran is a 60-year-old patient who has been coming to the Diabetes Clinic at the VA for a few months. One day, the Clinic Director, Jim Carlson, finds him wandering the hallway, appearing somewhat dazed, with a bag of supplies for blood glucose testing and insulin administration. Mr. Duran tells him that he has been instructed to start insulin for his diabetes but doesn’t know how. He doesn’t recall receiving any appointment or instructions. Mr. Carlson finds the Diabetes Nurse Educator, Jenny O’Connell, and asks her to fit Mr. Duran in for an unscheduled appointment.
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Jenny O’Connell starts the appointment with a thorough assessment of Mr. Duran. In addition to the physical assessment, she covers psycho-social-spiritual issues. She discovers that Mr. Duran has had diabetes for about 10 years and, recently, his blood glucose levels and HgbA1c cannot be controlled with oral medications and exercise. The physician wants to start him on insulin. Here are notes that she took from her assessment:
Sixty-year-old Mexican American patient. He is exceedingly polite and respectful of health care personnel (and does not like to interrupt or ask too many questions). He has been in the United States more than 50 years; he is a Navy veteran. Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs.
Married; lives with wife in a comfortable apartment in Chula Vista, CA.
Duran speaks fluent English, but his wife’s English is limited. They speak Spanish at home.
Because Mr. Duran has limited vision, his wife has to administer the insulin.
Had one (single) daughter, who was found murdered in the apartment parking lot less than 2 weeks ago, leaving Mr. and Mrs. Duran to care for her child.
Duran seems befuddled by the insulin and syringes and is stoic when he talks about the loss of his daughter. Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs.
Review the situation
Select one of the nursing models/theories from this chapter that will help Jenny in assessing Mr. Duran and planning for his care. Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs Discuss why that particular model was selected.
Based on the model selected, what additional information would Jenny want to collect/assess?
Based on the model selected, how would Jenny initiate a plan of care (education) for Mr. Duran?
Do you think that Jenny would assess and plan differently for Mr. Duran’s care if she used a different model (than the one your group selected) for Mr. Duran? Why or why not.
Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs Internet Resources
Clayton College Department of Nursing’s Nursing Theory Link Page—contains comprehensive links to sites containing information for grand and middle range nursing theories:
http://healthsci.clayton.edu/eichelberger/nursing.htm
Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs. The Hahn School of Nursing Theory page—contains links to sites for information on many grand and middle range nursing theories:
http://www.sandiego.edu/academics/nursing/theory/
Nurse Scribe’s Nursing Theory page—contains links to many grand nursing theorists’ home pages as well as links to other reference materials related to nursing theory:
http://www.enursescribe.com/nurse_theorists.htm
Nursing theory—contains links to information about nursing theory and nursing history:
http://nursing-theory.org/
Current websites devoted to the theorists in this chapter:
Select one of the nursing models/theories from this chapter that will help Jenny in assessing Mr. Duran and planning for his care. Discuss why that particular model was selected.
Mr. Duran is best assessed and his care planned using the self-care deficit theory proposed by Orem. The theory holds that an individual must be at the fore-front of self-care by actively carrying out activities to maintain good health. In Mr. Duran’s case, Jenny must review his capacity to perform self-care while acknowledging that the capacity is influenced by basic conditioning factors that include family system, health care system, gender, and age. In essence, it places a demand on the health, developmental and universal deviation as self-care requisites such that any inadequacy in the self-care requisites would be interpreted as a self-care deficit or the patient’s need for self-care. Jenny is expected to identify the deficit then select a nursing system to provide care with the nursing system taking the form of educative, supportive, and compensator system (Didisen, Binay & Yardimci, 2017). Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs.
Based on the model selected, what additional information would Jenny want to collect/assess?
Other than the patient’s medical history and physician’s perspective of Mr. Duran’s condition, Jenny would collect information on basic conditioning factors that include available resources, environment, living patterns, family system, health care system, development state, and sociocultural orientation. Additionally, information on universal self-care requisites should be collected to include promotion of normalcy, prevention of hazards, social interaction, activity and rest, elimination, food, water and air. Besides that, information on developmental self-care requisites should be collected to include prevention and management on conditions threatening normal development, and maintenance of developmental environment (Didisen, Binay & Yardimci, 2017). Also, information on health deviation self-care requisites should be collected to include lifestyle adjustment to accommodate medical regimen (insulin) and health status changes, self-image modification to incorporate health status changes, awareness of potential problems linked with the regimen, and adherence to the medical regimen (Shah, 2015).
Based on the model selected, how would Jenny initiate a plan of care (education) for Mr. Duran?
Based on the self-care deficit theory, Jenny should first present a nursing diagnosis based on the self-care deficits. The second step would entail her preparing an outcomes plan that presents prescriptive operations to include the appropriate method of helping Mr. Duran, design a suitable nursing system, outline the nursing objectives and goal, and identify the desired outcome. The third step would entail implementing the plan through control operations that collaboratively work with the patient to include reducing the self-care deficit, meeting the self-care needs, and promoting Mr. Duran as a self-care agent. Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs. The final step would entail evaluating the education plan through regulatory operations that include reviewing the selected nursing system’s effectiveness to meet the patient’s needs. In addition, the final step would review the effectiveness of the nurse-patient action to reduce the self-care deficit, meet the self-care needs, and promote Mr. Duran as a self-care agent (Didisen, Binay & Yardimci, 2017; Shah, 2015).
Do you think that Jenny would assess and plan differently for Mr. Duran’s care if she used a different model (than the one your group selected) for Mr. Duran? Why or why not.
Yes, Jenny would assess and plan differently for Mr. Duran’s care if she used a different model from the self-care deficit theory. That is because different models apply different approaches and focus on unalike aspects of the patient’s life even though the ultimate objective remains the same. The applied model focuses on the existing shortfalls that limit the patient’s capacity for self-care. Other models would not focus on the existing deficits. For instance, the Human Caring Theory presented by Jean Watson focuses on the spiritual dimension of caring and love. Applying the Human Caring Theory to Mr. Duran’s case would entail identifying the patient’s family as an integral part of the care team with everyone involved considered as a caregiver. Additionally, care would be offered at home where the patient has the most support and comfort to ensure that his goals and best interests are served. As such, it’s planning and assessment would revolve around the family (Clark, 2016). Therefore, Jenny would assess and plan differently for Mr. Duran’s care if she used a different model from the self-care deficit theory. Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs.
References
Clark, C. (2016). Watson’s Human Caring Theory: Pertinent transpersonal and humanities concepts for educators.
Humanities
, 5(21), 1-12. doi: 10.3390/h5020021
Didisen, N., Binay, S. & Yardimci, F. (2017). Orem’s Self-care Deficit Theory and Nursing Care in Relation to Pneumonia: A Case Report.
Studies on Ethno-Medicine
, 11(4), 311-317. doi: 10.1080/09735070.2017.1357223 Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs.
Shah, M. (2015). Compare and Contrast of Grand Theories: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Roy’s Adaptation Model.
International Journal of Nursing Didactics
, 5(1), 39-42. doi: 10.15520/ijnd.2015.vol5.iss01.28.39-42 Grand Nursing Theories Based on Human Needs.
This is the case of Mr Duran Juan , X years old, Mexican America, visiting the diabetes clinic at the VA hospital. Mr Duran speaks English and Spanish fluently but speaks Spanish at home as his wife’s English is limited. He is a Navy Veteran. Mr Duran just has been placed on insulin for his diabetes management. Patient lives with his wife in their apartment in Chula Vista , CA. patient with limited vision , wife must administer insulin. Mr and Mrs Duran has one single daughter, who was found murdered in the apartment parking lot less than 2 weeks ago, leaving Mr and Mrs Duran to care for her child. Mr Duran seems befudded by the insulin and syringes and he is stoic when he talks about the loss of his daughter.
Orem’s Self-Care theory includes three other theories: theory of Self-Care, Self-Care deficit theory, and the theory of Nursing Systems. In our case study, Orem model deals with selfcare and Mr Duran will need to care for his diabetes with the help of his wife. Nursing theories have four concepts that are central to their metapardigm: person, environment, health, and nursing. The person (or patient) is the central focus of nursing care. According to Orem, the person’s health state is mediated by his/her environment. A person, who is healthy, is capable of self-care. When there is illness in the person’s health state, the person is not able to complete all self-care requisites. When this occurs, nursing care is needed to assist the person in completing his/her self-care. Nurses must assess the person’s ability to provide his/her own self care and the environmental context of the person in order to overcome health-associated limitations. In our case study, Mr Duran requires insulin injection for his diabetes, nurse Jenny knows that Mr Duran will not be able to self-administer his own insulin due to his poor vision and will need his wife to assist him with that. Moreover, Mr Duran is also dealing with the recent death of his only child. Orem’s assumptions is that patients are to care for themselves along with their health care team and family and friends. As there needs to be clear and open lines of communication to help promote autonomy. Patients can make clear decisions for themselves when educated properly. In this case , Mr Duran did communicate his fear about dealing with insulin and syringes but also talks about the death his daughter so the communication is open between this patient and his nurse. When using Orem, nurse Jenny interacts with the medical team to plan, and administer care, assists Mr Duran and wife in learning to care for themselves. Nurse Jenny referred patient and wife to a dietician, counselors to help cope with the loss, social workers to help with caring for their grand-daughter . The model also includes the family and culture within the environment. In Orem theory, the nurse would want to assess the Duran’s family current knowledge of diabetes, insulin , diet and self care . In addition, the nurse should be concerned about aspects of his environment such as family support and culture. In this case, Mr Duran has a very caring wife who is willing to assist him with his insulin injection. Once the care is provided, the nursing activities and the use of the nursing systems are to be evaluated to get an idea about whether the mutually planned goals are met or not. Orem identifies 5 methods of helping :Acting for and doing for others, Guiding others, Supporting another, Providing an environment promoting personal development in relation to meet future demands and Teaching another. In this case, Mr Duran is receiving diabetes counseling at the VA hospital and will be required to follow up with his doctor and health team on a regular basis for a better management of his diabetes. I believe Neuman’s theory not only helps me provide my patients with holistic care, but it also helps me understand the importance of systemic and environmental variables on a person’s mental health
Betty Neuman’s Neuman Systems Models comprises of the concept that human interventions can be done in order to relieve stress in the subject’s life. In Mr Duran’s situation , the role and amount of stress are vitally important. The assumptions of the Neuman Model include the idea that: each client is unique, there are various stressors that exist (known and unknown), humans have various range of responses to their stressors, wellness is ongoing in order to support the client’s stability, and there are primary, secondary and tertiary preventions that can be taken in order to promote and reduce client stressors. For Mr Duran , the main stressors identified were the newly insulin management that he has to manage with the help of his wife, the loss of his only child and the responsibilities that he has to raise his grand-daughter at his age. The primary preventions that nurse Jenny and the health team can implement is stress management activities, relaxation techniques. Secondary preventions would be to provide medications to treat symptoms of anxiety, insomnia but also opportunities to verbalize feelings and concerns. The tertiary preventions would be to re-assessing Mr Duran’s ability to independently perform and maintain variables of health , regular consult to counselor, support group, psychologist to cope with the loss of his daughter, home health visits for nurse to instruct family how to perform proper administer insulin but also educating patient and his family about diabetes management and maintaining his support system. In addition , the five interactive variables –physiologic, psychological, sociocultural development and spiritual, all will be important in his care. When applying Neuman , nurse Jenny would assess the 5 interacting variables such as 1) Physiological variables bodily structure & function : Mr Duran has limited vision so unable to self-administer is insulin). Psychological variables: his mental processes & relationships. 3) Sociocultural variables: his social & cultural functions. 4) Developmental variables: developmental processes of life. 5) Spiritual variables: his continuum of spirituality. Nurse Jenny and the health team have to look at the need both interventions as well as prevention activities , and consider how stress is impacting both his diabetes control and his ability to learn. The Neuman model implies that stressors can be identified and treated with nursing interventions. In Mr Duran ‘s situation , the nurse would want to collect and assess the physiological data, psychological data, sociocultural data, development data , spiritual data ( how he is coping with the death is child, does he practice religion ) and stress ( the death of his only child, caring for his grand-daughter, his insulin management)
Example of Orem ‘s theory within my home health practice.
As a provider I will utilize Orem’s theory of self care deficit to identify appropriate and validated measures required by self-care requisites. Professional nursing practice is based on the assumption that patient’s desire and need the self-care agency. The ability to engage in self-care activities is innate as well as learned. As a provider, I will assist patients in learning as well as performing self-care activities. My role is to facility the self-care agency of the patient. Utilizing the theory of self-care, along with the theories of self-care deficit and nursing systems, I will be able to identify self-care deficits and the degree and competency of the patient’s self-care requisites and abilities. With this data, the appropriate nursing system of action with interventions can be implemented. This theory will assist me in identifying and encouraging appropriate self- care activities across the lifespan. For example, the supportive-educative role indicates that the patient is participating in most of their self-care, and the nurse’s role is simply to monitor and regulate the client’s self-care. Last week, a newly patient got admitted to home health services for diabetes management. Upon home health visits, I reviewed patient’s glucometer reading for the past few days and noticed patient’s blood sugar was reported highly variable BS/chemstrip readings and errors readings. I suspected patient may be performing procedure incorrectly. I assessed that patient has been cutting some of his chemstrips in half to save money. Please note that patient is using a glucometer and supplies from Guadalaraja. I instructed patient that cutting strips exposes chemicals and inaccurate readings may result. I also ordered a new glucometer , strips and lancet from a local DME company. Instructed patient and caregiver on how to perform blood sugar check via glucometer. After two visits, patient and wife were able to return demonstration. Additionally, I assessed that patient’s wife (who does family cooking) did not receive any nutritional education while patient was hospitalized. Nurse begins nutritional education/teaching and provided wife with referral to registered dietician services. Upon discharge from home health service’s, patient and wife demonstrated understanding of diabetes management , diet and proper use of the glucometer.
Example of Neuman’s theory within my home health practice.
Last month, I provided home health services for this young female patient as she developed DVT on her bilateral lower extremities and infection to surgical C-section area after giving to her daughter 2 weeks ago. She needed IVATB infusion for 14 days, Lovenox Injection for 2 weeks and daily wound care. This new mom is already facing a lot of stressors. One condition that brings extrapersonal stress is the unemployment of the husband. Their financial source is not enough to meet their needs. This relationship poses as an interpersonal stress to her. This patient is having difficulties breastfeeding at that time, and her poor nutritional (underweight) and emotional status (sadness and anger at her mother-in-law as they have to move in with them due to financial difficulties) create intrapersonal stresses. I know, based on Neuman’s Systems Model that the reaction to stressors would depend on the strength of the lines of defense. The woman, due to financial constraints and anxiety is suffering from poor nutritional status. She is not able to sleep a lot due to her newborn child. This creates a breach to her flexible line of defense. Her coping abilities are also affected because she is sometimes preoccupied with her relationship problems with her mother-in-law. These conditions put my patient on the verge of developing various illnesses. Hence, my interventions focused on restoring system stability, by helping the patient’s system adapt to the stressors. Starting with primary prevention, I tried to educate their family on the importance of having good nutrition. I also suggested some nutritious but cheap food choices but also refer her to our social worker for evaluation . For the secondary prevention, I advised that she seeks for local supports such as food stamp, WIC program, and make use of the available services of the nearby health center. After about 1 month of constant visits to these clients, I really observed noticeable improvements in her health conditions. My patient began to show weight gains. The husband started to work as a production operator in a nearby factory. Before the home health services ended, we were able to initiate tertiary prevention by supporting and commending the positive behavioral changes exhibited by the family, her husband is more hands on with their child, the mother in law is now babysitting so the couple can spend some time alone. I, also dwelt on strengthening the positive attributes of the family, such as their unwavering faith in God, and their strong devotion to each other. I learned from this experience that no problem is unsolvable with the use of consistent and well-contemplated nursing care.
APA format, references, i have attached below the instructions of this assignment. I have added other essays that have gone along with this paper.
Follow the instructions provided in “Critique of Research Studies Instructions.”
When turning in the final submission, please arrange the elements in the following order: Quantitative Article Critique, Qualitative Article Critique, References (should include the two articles, the text, and any other additional sources).
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
Complete a critique of the quantitative and qualitative articles that were submitted in Topic 3.
This assignment will be completed in three parts. Refer to the information below as a guide to the information that should be included in each part.
Follow the guidelines for the quantitative and qualitative article critiques in Box 5.2: Guide to an Overall Critique of a Quantitative Research Report, and Box 5.3: Guide to an Overall Critique of a Qualitative Research Report, in Chapter 5 of the
Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice
textbook.
1. Utilize a central heading to indicate that what follows is the critique of the articles.
2. The side headings of the critique for each article should follow the headings in Box 5.2 and Box 5.3 in Chapter 5 of the
Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice
textbook.
3. Note that within these basic guidelines, there are additional references to Detailed Critiquing Guidelines found in additional boxes in other chapters of the
Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice
textbook focused on the various elements of a research study report. Use these to expand the research study and to learn specific terminology appropriate to the critique of research.
When turning in the final submission, please put the elements in the following order: Quantitative Article Critique, Qualitative Article Critique, References (which should include the two articles, the text, and any other additional sources).
Critique of Research Studies – Part 3: Due Topic 8
For Part 3 of the critique, focus only on the following segments for each article:
Quantitative
Qualitative
· Results
· Results
o Data analysis
o Data analysis
o Reliability and validity
o Theoretical integrations
· Discussion
· Discussion
o Interpretation of findings
o Interpretation of the findings
o Implications/Recommendations
o Implications/Recommendations
· Global Issues
· Global Issues
o Presentation
o Presentation
o Researcher credibility
o Researcher credibility
o Summary assessment
o Summary assessment
Research Paper
Diane Boll
Grand Canyon University: NUR 504
10-11-2017
Qualitative Research
In most of the cases people who tend to receive home care end up being given referrals to hospitals. This aspect tends to be expensive and also increases the predisposing factors of that particular illness. In this particular case, the research was basically about the in-situ care for people suffering from pneumonia infections.
The participants involved in this case were mainly family members from the local community who were picked at random. This research involved 14 interview questions which were conducted. In this research person suffering from pneumonia and their family members were given an invitation for a clinical study. The members chosen for this particular activity were those who had a recent case of pneumonia and also those who were deemed to remember the care provided during that particular period of illness. From the research, it was found that most of the participants preferred that pneumonia is treated specifically in the nursing homes. The main reason for this particular response was nursing homes provide the patients with better care and also offer great attention to the clients. The concerns of the participants were mainly on the issue of them being hospitalized. The participants argued that the doctors should always make a premediated judgment on whether to hospitalize them or not. Additionally, the family members of the patients also wanted to be involved during the making of that particular decision. From the findings of this particular research, it was clear that family members should be involved in the decision-making process and also more efforts should be put in order to improve the quality of healthcare services offered at nursing homes (Soo, Mark, & Lynne, 2006).
Quantitative Study on Condom-Use Behaviors
The main aim of this particular research was to come up with a pilot test that would be used to assess the culture of condom use of male individuals aged between eighteen to twenty-four years. In this particular research, the individuals involved in this particular case were between the ages of 18 to 24 years old. Additionally, these participants were required to have accessed healthcare in one of the four healthcare centers in South Chicago. This research also required that the participants be individuals prone to HIV/AIDS and also to have engaged in unprotected sex with multiple partners for the previous three to six months.
The participants selected for this particular research were obtained at random from different points of this particular region. To attract the participants, the mobile vehicle used played hip hop music which is common amongst the people of this particular age bracket. Willing participants were then checked for their eligibility to participate in this particular research. If one was found eligible, he was then requested to verify and agree to the consent forms. After undertaking the research each participant was given a parting shot of $15 for completion of the survey, in addition to this, the participants were also offered $10 for transport expenses. Lastly, the participants were given three condom varieties to choose from for their own use.
From this particular research, it was concluded that African Americans of this particular age bracket were at higher chances of contracting HIV/AIDs or other sexually transmitted diseases. Additionally, it was also concluded that most of these individuals also involved themselves in substance and alcohol abuse (Stephen, Sherry, Jeffrey et al2007).
References
Stephen K, Sherry N, Jeffrey A et al(2007) A Quantitative Study on the Condom-Use Behaviors of Eighteen- to Twenty-Four-Year-Old Urban African American Males retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950730/ on 28th Sep 2017
Soo C, Mark L. & Lynne L., (2006) Pneumonia care and the nursing home: a qualitative descriptive study of resident and family member perspectives retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1379645/ on 28th Sep 2017
Patten, M. L., & Newhart, M. (2017). Understanding research methods: An overview of the essentials. Taylor & Francis.
Research Studies
Diane Boll
Grand Canyon University: NUR 504
10-18-2017
Quantitative Article Critique
Study on Condom Use Behaviors
Introduction
The study was to result in some pilot tests that would be eventually get used in showing how condoms are normally put into use by the male gender. These males were supposed to get aged between eighteen to twenty-four years in order for the study to be able to come up with the desired results. For this research, the individuals were supposed to be people who only fell in the ages of 18-24. Another important factor for this study is that the individuals were people that had previously been able to have visited a health facility in the state of South Chicago. For this research to be undertaken, the participants were supposed to be people who were prone to HIV/AIDS and those that might have taken part in sex that is not safe with a lot of partners in a period of 3-6 months (Stephen et al,2007).
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study was to come up with a pilot test that would be used to look at the culture of how condoms are used among the males who are aged between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four years. The purpose of the study will be used to answer the following questions;
1.Which group of people is most likely to be infected with HIV/AIDS that is, Africans or Americans.
2.Which group mostly engages in risky behaviors like substance or even drug use (Patten & Newhart,2017).
Research Questions
1.How many African Americans get infected with HIV/AIDS as compared to other groups?
2.How many African Americans get involved with risky behaviors like drug abuse or alcohol abuse leading to the acquisition of HIV/AIDS?
Literature Review
In the world of technology today, a lot of young people especially the college going students get involved with behavior that is not good at all. These bad behaviors will be inclusive of partying where the youth will always get engaged in sex and which will normally expose them to the dangerous HIV/AIDS. This will also normally result due to the use of dangerous drugs or even excess intake of alcohol. The study has shown that the group that will normally be exposed to HIV/AIDS is the African Americans. This is because of their exposure to drugs or alcohol (Stephen et al,2007).
Theoretical Framework
Risky behavior is defined as engaging in activities that are harmful and which will lead to harmful effects. For instance, the use of drugs in order to party. One will later find themselves in difficult situations as there will be risks of getting affected with HIV/AIDS (Patten &Newhart,2017).
Drug abuse is defined as the use of drugs which will have an effect on the normal working of the body and which can lead to some diverse effects like insomnia, headaches among others. A good example is the use of Cocaine in excess which has some adverse negative effects on the body.
Qualitative Article Critique
Qualitative Study on Home Cares
Introduction
It has come to the attention of most experts that most people who are normally exposed to home care will normally end to the hospitals or even the referrals. As a result, it has been identified that the aspect becomes very expensive and that leads to the increase of predisposing factors on the given illnesses. This research dwelt more on the people that were suffering from infections that result from pneumonia. The participants of the study were mostly family members of the local communities that were picked randomly. The research was undertaken by use of 14 questions that were of the interview.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which pneumonia is covered when the patients have been taken to home care and later transferred to the hospitals or the referrals. The research was to find out the extent to which the pneumonia patients get affected by the infections from the disease.
Research Questions
1.To what extent are the patients that are taken to the referrals suffer from pneumonia infections as compared to those in-home cares?
2.What is the level of quality of healthcare that is offered in the nursing homes when compared to referrals or hospitals (Patten & Newhart,2017)?
Literature Review
Treatment of pneumonia has always been considered to be critical mostly when it is to be offered when it is in the critical stages. There are tendencies of the hospitals or even the referrals not giving the best treatment when the pneumonia is in the critical stages (Soo et al,2006). In regards to this, it is advisable that the ailment gets diagnosed in the nursing homes as that is the place where treatment will be great without risks of infections.
Theoretical Framework
The local community is defined as a population of people that lives in a given area. These are the people that will normally participate in the way things are in a given locality without a lot of problems.
The local community can also be termed as a people who are of shared values and who are motley ready to help the others when there are issues that do disturb the community which can be like health matters or even societal difficulties like thuggery (Soo et al,2006).
References
Stephen K, Sherry N, Jeffrey A et al (2007) A Quantitative Study on the Condom-
Use Behaviors of Eighteen- to Twenty-Four-Year-Old Urban African American
Males retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950730/
on 28th Sep 2017
Soo C, Mark L. & Lynne L., (2006) Pneumonia care and the nursing home: a
qualitative descriptive study of resident and family member perspectives
retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1379645/ on
28th Sep 2017
Patten, M. L., & Newhart, M. (2017). Understanding research methods: An overview
Public Health Communication and Social Media Essay
Details:
Social media channels are designed to be engaging; however, these media are often used by public health organizations and practitioners as a means to disseminate mass information, rather than to engage audiences in meaningful interaction. Harnessing social media to best achieve public health outcomes is a topic of much discussion and study in the public health community.
For this Public Health Communication and Social Media Essay assignment, you will analyze public health communication via social media in your community. Follow a public health organization, local or national, on a social media channel (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn) for at least 3 weeks. In a Public Health Communication and Social Media Essay paper of 1,000-1,250 words, address the following:
Describe the benefits/advantages and challenges/risks of using social media for public health communication.
Describe the organization you followed and the social media channel you selected. What kind of information is shared on social media by the organization?
To what degree does the organization engage with users/followers (e.g., responding to questions, engaging in conversation, hosting “chats” with experts, soliciting information)?
What improvements or suggestions would you make to this organization regarding its social media engagement? Why?
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Use at least three scholarly sources to support your Public Health Communication and Social Media Essay paper.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This Public Health Communication and Social Media Essay assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this Public Health Communication and Social Media Essay assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Choose a contemporary moral issue in our society and apply the ethical principle of Utilitarianism to approve and be in favor of this moral issue. You must pick a moral issue that you strongly agree with and apply the utilitarian claims to back up your arguments. In addition, you must apply Bentham’s Felicific Calculus. The paper must be done in MLA format with a minimum of 500 words (quotes are not included in the word count). You must read
Euthanasia
Infanticide
Child Labor
Gay Marriage
Capital Punishment
Stem Cells
Genocide
Forced Prostitution
Voluntary Prostitution
War, Terrorism, and Counter-terrorism
Race and Ethnicity
Gender
World Hunger and Poverty
Environmental Ethics
Animal Rights
Animal Testing
Sexual Harassment
Abortion (as a result of rape, incest, or mother/baby health at risk)
Current Issues in Healthcare Policy & Practice Essay Assignment
What has health policy done for me lately?
Developing health care policy is often an exercise in balancing competing interests, many of them political. Policy is often the product of elaborate negotiations between many interested parties. It is sometimes difficult for individuals to see the connection between health care policies and their own personal health. In short, people ask, “What does health policy mean to me?”
This Application will give you an opportunity to delve a little deeper into the practical role of policy, by examining a health policy issue that is of particular interest to you.
To prepare
for this Application, select an acute or chronic health issue (such as motorcycle accident-related head trauma or type 2 diabetes) that is of interest to you. Using the Walden Library and credible websites, research this issue to analyze a key policy related to the health issue you selected. Select
at least three
articles about the policy to use in your paper.
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To complete
this Application,
write a 3- to 4-page paper
that addresses the following:
Describe the health care issue you selected. Explain why this issue is important, in terms of access, affordability, quality, and safety.
Identify a health policy that is related to the health issue you selected. Explain its intended purpose and indicate the source of the policy (i.e., state law, federal law, accreditation organization, etc.)
Cite and summarize the articles you selected.
Analyze what the literature says about the impact of the policy, in terms of cost, affordability, access, quality, and safety.
Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources, as appropriate. Refer to the
Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students
to ensure your in-text citations and reference list are correct.
RESOURCES_______
Current Issues in Healthcare Policy and Practice
Chapter 2, “Cost, Access, and Quality” (pp. 45–76 through “Current Indicators of Access”)The cost of health care, access to it, and the quality of the care are often related to one another in a reciprocal and interactive way. This chapter establishes a foundation for understanding health care costs and how those costs are directly related to access and quality. You will finish this chapter in next week’s reading.
Health Politics, Policy, and Practice
Chapter 5, “Medicare: The Great Transformation”Along with Medicaid and Social Security, Medicare is one of the three largest Federal entitlement programs. It is relied upon by millions of American citizens. This chapter looks at the history of this important program and how the politics influence the benefits and operation of this mammoth government program.
Chapter 6, “Medicaid: Health Care for You and Me?”This chapter presents an overview of the Medicaid program, looks at how it has evolved over the years, and considers where it might be going. It presents three commonly held myths about Medicaid.
Goldsmith, J. (2010). Analyzing shifts in economic risks to providers in proposed payment and delivery system reforms.
Health Affairs, 29
(7), 1299–1304. Retrieved from http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqdweb?did=2089628041&sid=6&Fmt=3&clientId=70192&RQT=309&VName=PQD
The unbridled growth of health care costs has been, and continues to be, a significant factor fueling the push for health care reform. This article analyzes some of the cost-containment models that are currently under consideration and assesses the feasibility of their implementation.
Rosenthal, E., Brownstein, J., Rush, C., Hirsch, G., Willaert, A., Scott, J., et al. (2010). Community health workers: part of the solution.
Health Affairs, 29
(7), 1338–1342. Retrieved from http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqdweb?did=2089628121&sid=9&Fmt=3&clientId=70192&RQT=309&VName=PQD
This article examines the contribution that community-health workers could make to cost reduction, access expansion, and quality improvement of Medicaid and health care, in general.
Heathcare.gov. (n.d.).
Understanding the affordable care act
. Retrieved October 18, 2010, from http://www.healthcare.gov/law
This web page presents various elements to provide an overview of the Affordable Care Act. Signed into law by President Obama on March 23, 2010.
Optional Resources
“Health Care Reform” (PBS.org)
http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/health-care-reform/
Current Issues in Healthcare Policy and Practice
Chapter 9, “Long-Term Care Reimbursement”
Kristof, N. D. (2010). Access, access, access: [Op-Ed].
The New York Times
(Late Edition), A31. Retrieved from http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqdweb?did=1985614601&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=70192&RQT=309&VName=PQD