Mental Health Services In U.S
Mental Health Services In 250 words, discuss the issues associated with access to mental health care and the populations that are affected by the current health care system Be sure to cite sources to support your opinions.
Greek Culture, Hindu Culture and Cuban American Culture Essays
Greek Culture
Overview/Heritage
This show presents two groups of people with Greek heritage.
The first group refers to those or their ancestors who emigrated from Greece, the second group originated in Cyprus.
Both groups have a common history, language, and religion.
Overview/Heritage
The largest Greek community outside Greece is in the United States.
The largest Greek Cypriot community outside Greece is in Britain.
The core values of
philotimo
(honor and respect) and
endropi
(shame) are key when considering the experience of Greeks and Greek Cypriots.
Overview/Heritage
Philotimo
is a Greek’s sense of honor and worth that is derived from one’s self-image, one’s reflected image (respect), and one’s sense of pride.
Philotimo
is enhanced through courage, strength, fulfilling family obligations, competition with other people, hospitality, and appropriate behavior.
Shame results from deviant conduct.
Communication
All Greeks, whether in Greece, Cyprus, or the diasporas, use the same form of written language, although there are regional and country variations in spoken Greek.
Diasporic Greek communities regard the retention of the Greek language as an essential part of their identity.
Communication
Greek and Greek Cypriot people tend to be expressive in both speech and gesturing.
They use their hands frequently while talking.
They embrace family, friends, and others to indicate solidarity.
Whereas inner-most feelings, such as anxiety or depression, are often shielded from outsiders, anger is expressed freely.
Communication
Eye contact is generally direct, and speaking and sitting distance is closer than that of other European Americans.
Patients often appear to be compliant in the presence of the health-care worker, but this may be only superficial to ensure a smooth relationship.
Communication
Greeks are oriented to the past as they are highly conscious of the glories of ancient Greece.
They are present-oriented with regard to
philotimo,
family life, and situations involving family members.
However, they tend to be future-oriented with regard to educational and occupational achievements.
Communication
Greek Americans differentiate between “Greek time,” which is used in family and social situations, and “American/clock time,” which is used in business situations.
Greek time emphasizes participating in activities until they reach a natural breaking point, whereas American/clock time emphasizes punctuality.
Communication
For Greeks and Greek Cypriots, having a Greek name is an important sign of their heritage.
Honorific titles might be given to members of the community who are elders or otherwise respected.
Terms such as
Thia
(aunt),
Kyria
(Mrs.), or
giagia
(grandma) may be used.
Communication
First names come either from the Bible or from ancient Greek mythology and history.
Ideally, first daughters are named for the mother’s mother and first sons for the father’s father.
Following tradition, middle names are the first name of the father.
Family Roles and Organization
The father is considered the head of the household in Greek and Greek Cypriot families.
The complexity of household dynamics is noted in the well-known folk saying, “The man is the head, but the wife is the neck that decides which way the head will turn.” This acknowledges the primacy of fathers in the public sphere and the strong influence of women in the private sphere.
Family Roles and Organization
The roles of husband and wife are characterized by mutual respect (a partnership). However, their relationship is less significant than that of the family as a unit.
Fathers are responsible for providing for the family, whereas women are responsible for the management of the home and children.
Family Roles and Organization
Greeks are often friendly but somewhat superficial and distant with those considered “outsiders.”
Traditionally, the cleanliness and order of the home reflect the moral character of the woman.
Children are included in most family social activities and tend not to be left with babysitters.
Family Roles and Organization
The child is the recipient of intense affection, helpful interventions, and strong admiration.
The child may be disciplined through teasing, which is thought to “toughen” children and make them highly conscious of public opinion.
Adolescents, particularly young women, tend to reside with their parents until they get married.
Family Roles and Organization
Girls have considerably less freedom in dating than their brothers, and it is common for girls to be prohibited from dating until they are in the upper grades of high school.
Suppression of personal freedom by parents is a major risk factor for suicidal attempts in Greek and Greek Cypriot adolescent girls.
Family Roles and Organization
Additional areas identified as high-stress for Greek adolescents include extreme dependence on the family, intense pressure for school achievement, and a lack of sexual education in the home.
Families feel responsible to care for their parents in old age, and children are expected to take in widowed parents.
Family Roles and Organization
Failure to do so results in a sense of dishonor for the son and guilt for the daughter.
Treatment of the
giagia
(grandmother) and the
pappou
(grandfather) reflects the themes of closeness and respect emphasized in the family.
Grandparents tend to participate fully in family activities.
Family Roles and Organization
If the older person is ill, living with the family is the first preference, followed by placement in a residential care facility.
The basis of social status and prestige is family
philotimo
and cohesiveness.
Social status is also received from attributes such as wealth, educational achievement, and achievements of its members.
Family Roles and Organization
Greek and Greek Cypriot communities tend to be relatively conservative.
As a consequence, alternative lifestyles encompassing premarital sex, divorce, and same-sex relationships are considered sources of concern for family members and the community.
Workforce Issues
In the United States, the high achievement orientation and work ethic have resulted in Greeks’ serving as a “model” ethnic group.
Greeks stress self-reliance is sometimes seen as reluctance to be told what to do.
Eye contact is generally direct, and speaking and sitting distance is closer than that of other European Americans.
Biocultural Ecology
Greeks and Greek Cypriots are most commonly of medium stature, shorter than northern Europeans, but taller than other populations of southern Europe.
Although some Greeks have blue eyes and blond hair, usually from the northern provinces of Greece, most Greeks have dark hair and dark skin.
Biocultural Ecology
Common health conditions of Greeks and Greek Cypriots include cardiovascular disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, thyphoid, hepatitis A and B, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, thalassemia, lactose intolerance, Tay-Sachs disease, malaria, and tuberculosis.
Most women choose to have an abortion if they are found to carry a fetus with thalassemia.
High-Risk Health Behaviors
Alcohol is most often considered a food item and is consumed with meals.
However, losing control by being “under the influence” engenders considerable gossip and social disgrace, focused not only on the individual but also on the family.
Obesity among both sexes and smoking among men are high among Greeks.
High-Risk Health Behaviors
Greeks and Greek Cypriots tend to disregard standard health promotion behaviors.
Safety measures for adults, such as seat belts and helmets, are often viewed as infringements on personal freedom and are frequently ignored, particularly by the older generation.
Nutrition
Greeks describe their culture as an “eating culture.” Food is a centerpiece of everyday life as well as of social and ritual events.
Fasting is an integral part of the Greek Orthodox religion.
During fasts, it is forbidden to eat meat, fish, and animal products such as eggs, cheese, and milk. General fast days are Wednesdays and Fridays.
Nutrition
Greeks and Greek Cypriots base their diet on cereals, pulses, lentils, vegetables, fruits, olive oil, cheese, and milk.
They are also relatively high consumers of sweets and snacks.
For adults, dairy products are consumed in the form of yogurt or cheeses such as feta, kopanisti, kefaloteri, kasseri, and halloumi.
Nutrition
Fats are consumed in the form of olive oil, butter, and olives.
Meats include chicken and lamb or, in the United States and Britain, beef adaptations.
Eggs; lentils; and fish such as shrimp and other shellfish, whitefish, and anchovies are additional sources of protein.
Nutrition
Vegetables such as potatoes, eggplant, courgettes (zucchini), spinach, garlic, onions, peas, artichokes, cucumbers, asparagus, cabbage, and cauliflower are common Greek food choices.
Bread choices include pita, crescent rolls, and egg breads. Other foods include rice, tabouli, macaroni, and cracked wheat (bourgouri).
Fruit preferences include grapes and currants, figs, prunes, oranges, lemons, melons, watermelons, peaches, and apricots.
Pregnancy and
Childbearing Practices
In North America, Greeks have deliberately limited family size so children can be adequately cared for and educated.
A wide variety of birth control measures, such as intrauterine devices, birth control pills, and condoms are preferred.
The strong pro-life Greek Orthodox church condemns birth control while silently accepting the reality.
Pregnancy and
Childbearing Practices
Abortion is condemned as an act of murder except in circumstances that threaten the life of the mother or when a young woman becomes pregnant as a result of rape.
In practice, a number of women, particularly those who are unmarried, have legal abortions because of the negative consequences of having a baby out of wedlock.
Pregnancy and
Childbearing Practices
Pregnancy is a time of great respect for women and a time when women are given special considerations.
Proscriptions include not attending funerals or viewing a corpse, refraining from sinful activity as a precaution against infant deformity, and praying to St. Simeon.
Pregnancy and
Childbearing Practices
Pregnant women are encouraged to eat large quantities; foods high in iron and protein are particularly important.
If a pregnant woman remarks that a food smells good or if she has a craving for a particular food, it should be offered to her; otherwise the child may be “marked.”
This is the usual explanation for birthmarks.
Pregnancy and
Childbearing Practices
After delivery, most traditional Greeks consider the mother ritually impure and particularly susceptible to illness for 40 days.
During this time, she is admonished to stay at home and not attend church.
At the end of the 40 days, the mother and child attend church and receive a ritual blessing.
Pregnancy and
Childbearing Practices
For breast-feeding mothers, early showering is sometimes thought to result in the infant developing diarrhea and becoming allergic to milk.
Newborns are generally breast-fed, and solids are not introduced early.
When relatives visit an infant in the hospital, silver objects or coins may be placed in the crib for good luck.
Death Rituals
A
klama
(wake) is held in the family home or, more commonly in North America today, in a funeral home.
All relatives and friends are expected to attend.
The wake ends when the priest arrives and offers prayers.
Pictures and mirrors may be turned over. During the wake, women may sing dirges or chant. In some regions, people practice “screaming the dead,” in which they cry a lament, the
miroloyi
.
Death Rituals
In Greece and Cyprus, the
kidia
(funeral) is held the following day at the Orthodox church, with internment in a cemetery.
After internment, family and friends gather for a meal of fish, symbolizing Christianity; wine, cheese, and olives in the family home or a restaurant.
Death Rituals
On the basis of the Orthodox belief in the physical resurrection of the body, Greeks and Greek Cypriots reject cremation.
The extent of adherence to this precept varies in North America, but Greeks and Greek Cypriots in Britain do not practice cremation.
Black is the color of mourning dress and is often worn by family members throughout the 40 days of mourning; for widows it may be worn longer.
Death Rituals
While black armbands are still worn in Greece and Cyprus, that custom is virtually nonexistent in immigrant communities.
After death, family and close relatives, who may stay at home, mourn for 40 days.
Close male relatives do not shave as a mark of respect.
Death Rituals
A memorial service follows 40 days after burial and at 3 months, 6 months, and yearly thereafter.
At the end of this service,
koliva
(boiled wheat with powdered sugar) is served to participants, and mourning is conducted with joyful reverence.
Spirituality
Most Greeks in America are affiliated with the Greek Orthodox church, whereas Greeks and Greek Cypriots in Britain are affiliated with the Archdiocese of Thyateria and Great Britain.
The central religious experience is the Sunday morning liturgy, which is a high church service with icons, incense, and singing or chanting by the choir.
Spirituality
The Greek Orthodox religion emphasizes faith rather than specific tenets.
The Greek faith does not emphasize Bible reading and study.
Some parishioners attend church services weekly; others attend only a few times a year.
Spirituality
Easter is considered the most important of holy days, and nearly all Greeks and Greek Cypriots in America and Britain attempt to honor the day.
There is a strong belief in miracles, even among second and subsequent generations of Greeks and Greek Cypriots in America and Britain.
Daily prayers may be offered to the saints.
Spirituality
Family members may make “bargains” with saints, such as promises to fast, be faithful, or make church donations if the saint acts on behalf of the ill family member.
They may call on an individual’s namesake or a saint believed to have special affinity with healing.
Spirituality
A distinctive feature of the Greek Orthodox religion is the place it assigns to icons, such as paintings of saints, the Virgin Mary, and Christ.
These icons have sacred significance as sources of connection to the spiritual world.
In the homes, holy vigil candles are often kept burning.
To ensure safety and health, many begin each day by kissing the blessed icons and making the sign of the Greek cross.
Spirituality
When a person is ill, the icon of the family saint or the Virgin Mary may be placed above the bed.
Many Greeks and Greek Cypriots also may sprinkle their homes with holy water from Epiphany Day church services to protect the members of their household from evil.
Health-care Practices
The amount of acceptance and use of biomedicine is highly related to one’s level of education and generation of immigration.
Greek immigrants tend to be anxious about health, to lack trust in health professionals, and to rely on family and community for advice and remedies.
Health-care Practices
To be healthy means to feel strong, joyful, and content; to be able to take care of oneself; and to be free from pain.
Threats to health result from a lack of balance in life; departure from family; neglect of education or work; and failure to demonstrate right behaviors, such as respect toward parents, sharing with family, upholding religious precepts, and staying out too late.
Health-care Practices
Problems are considered originating outside the individual’s control and are attributed to God, the devil, spirits, and envy or malice of others.
The family generally assumes responsibility and care for a sick member and works to control interactions with health professionals.
Health-care Practices
Three traditional folk healing practices are particularly notable: those related to
matiasma
(bad eye or evil eye),
practika
(herbal remedies), and
vendousas
(cupping).
Matiasma
results from the envy or admiration of others. While the eye is able to harm a wide variety of things including inanimate objects, children are particularly susceptible to attack. Common symptoms include headache, chills, irritability, restlessness, and lethargy; in extreme cases,
matiasma
has resulted in death.
Health-care Practices
Greeks employ a variety of preventive mechanisms to thwart the effects of envy or evil eye, including protective charms in the form of
phylactos
, amulets consisting of blessed wood or incense, or blue “eye” beads, which “reflect” the eye.
In particularly severe cases, the Orthodox priest may recite special prayers of exorcism and use incense to fumigate the afflicted person.
Health-care Practices
Practika
are herbal and humoral treatments used for initial self-treatment.
Chamomile, the most popular herb, is generally used in teas for gastric distress or abdominal pain, including infant colic and menstrual cramps.
It is also used as an expectorant to treat colds.
Health-care Practices
Liquors, such as anisette, ouzo, and
mestika
, are used primarily for colds, sore throats, and coughs and are consumed alone or in combination with tea, lemon, honey, or sugar, either alone or in some combination.
Occasionally, liquors are used for treatment of
nevra
(nerves).
Raw garlic is used as prevention for colds, and cooked garlic is used for blood pressure and heart disease.
Health-care Practices
Vendousas,
a healing practice, is used as a treatment for colds, high blood pressure, and backache.
It consists of lighting a swab of cotton held on a fork, then placing the swab in an inverted glass, thereby creating a vacuum in the glass, which is then placed on the back of the ill person.
The skin on the back is drawn into the glass. This procedure is repeated 8 to 12 times.
Health-care Practices
Self-medicating behaviors are common, with herbal remedies and over-the-counter medications used widely for specific symptoms.
Mental illness is accompanied by social stigma, with negative consequences for the afflicted person as well as the family and relatives.
Shame originates in the notion that mental illness is hereditary; afflicted people are viewed as having lifelong conditions that “pollute” the bloodline.
Health-care Practices
Individuals with mental illness often present with somatic complaints such as dizziness and paresthesias on initial visits to health-care practitioners.
Recent immigrants tend to have higher rates of mental disorders, which perhaps result from the stress of culture change.
A folk model for
nevra
is a socially acceptable and culturally condoned medium for the expression of otherwise unacceptable emotions.
Health-care Practices
Ponos
(pain) is the cardinal symptom of ill health and an evil that needs eradication.
The person in pain is not expected to suffer quietly or stoically in the presence of family.
The family is relied on to find resources to relieve the pain or, failing that, to share in the experience of suffering.
In the presence of outsiders, the lack of restraint in pain expression suggests lack of self-control, and therefore it is considered
endropi.
Health-care Practices
The key aspect of the sick role is for the sick to fully rely on the family for sustenance.
When an individual is ill, it is particularly important that he or she not be left alone.
When hospitalization occurs, family members expect to stay with the individual, even during examinations and therapeutic procedures.
Protection includes shielding the sick from a serious diagnosis.
Health-care Practices
On the basis of the Christian Orthodox belief in the physical resurrection of the body, some Greeks and Greek Cypriots may reject the concept of autopsy and do not readily accept organ donation.
However, the Greek Orthodox church is strongly pro-life and more recently has been encouraging organ donation as an act of love.
Blood transfusions are wholly acceptable and are common for people with thalassemia.
Health-care Practitioners
A woman who cures, particularly one who cures the evil eye, is known as a
magissa
, which is usually translated as “witch” but means “magician”; she may also be called doctor.
In the US and Britain, “wise women” from one’s own family conduct most lay healing.
The priest may also be called on for advice, blessings, exorcisms, and direct healing.
Health-care Practitioners
Many Greeks and Greek Cypriots display a general distrust of all professionals and le shopping around for physicians and other professionals to obtain additional opinions is relatively common.
The use of several physicians simultaneously may result in untoward drug interactions from conflicting interventions or overdoses.
There is also a fear that the sick person may be used as a subject for experimentation.
Health-care Practitioners
Hospitals are a particular source of mistrust both for Greeks and Greek Cypriots.
When hospitalizations occur, the family may be perceived by staff as demanding or “interfering” as they enact their protective advocacy roles.
Mothers may demand to sleep with their children and fear that the children may not receive appropriate care.
ClickerCheck
The parents bring their 14 month old baby to the clinic because herbs have not adequately treated
matiasma
which is
a.Evil eye.
b.Colic.
c.Teething.
d.Sunken fontanelle.
Correct Answer
Correct answer: A
Matiasma
is evil eye.
ClickerCheck
The family has been treating their teenage son with
vendouses
,
cupping which is traditionally used to treat
a.Infertility.
b.Nervous disorders.
c.Pneumonia.
d.Acne.
Correct Answer
Correct answer: C
Vendouses
,
cupping, is used to treat colds, high blood pressure, and backache.
Greek Culture, Hindu Culture and Cuban American Culture Essays – Hindu Culture
Hindu Overview/Heritage
More than a billion people inhabit India.
Eighty percent of the population are Hindus, followers of Hinduism.
Other significant religious groups include Sikhs, Moslems, and Christians.
Hindu Overview/Heritage
Different religious sectors share many common cultural beliefs and practices.
Immigrants to the United States come predominantly from urban areas, including all major Indian states.
Hindu Overview/Heritage
Most recent immigrants are highly educated.
More than 1,600,000 Asian Indians are living in the United States.
Most come to the United States to attain a higher standard of living, better working conditions, and job opportunities.
Hindu Communication
Asian Indian languages fall into two main groups: Indo-Aryan in the north and Dravidian in the south.
Hindi, with 1,652 dialectical variations, is the national language along with English.
Women often speak in a soft voice, making it harder to understand what they say.
Hindu Communication
Men may become intense and loud when they converse with other family members.
Women avoid direct eye contact with men.
Direct eye contact with older people and authority figures may be considered a sign of disrespect.
Hindu Communication
Touching and embracing are not acceptable for displaying affection.
Even between spouses, a public display of affection such as hugging or kissing is frowned upon, being considered strictly a private matter.
Temporality is past-, present-, and future–oriented.
Hindu Communication
Punctuality in keeping scheduled appointments may not be considered important.
Older family members are usually not addressed by name but as elder brother, sister, aunt, or uncle.
Hindu Communication
A woman never addresses a man by name because the woman is not considered an equal or superior.
Strangers are greeted with folded hands and a head bow that respects their personal territory
Hindu Family Roles & Organization
No institution in India is more important than the family.
The hierarchical structure of authority is the patriarchal joint family based on the principle of superiority of men over women.
The male head of the family is legitimized and considered sacred by caste and religion, which delineate relationships.
Hindu Family Roles & Organization
Central relationships are based on continuation and expansion of the male lineage through inheritance and ancestor worship, related to the father-son and brother-brother relationships.
A matrilineal system exists in a few areas in the southwestern and northeastern regions of the country; however, power rests with the men in the woman’s family.
Hindu Family Roles & Organization
A submissive and acquiescent role is expected of women in the first few years of married life with little or no participation in decision-making.
Strict norms govern contact and communication with the men of the family, including a woman’s husband.
Parents strongly encourage and emphasize scholastic achievement in fields that promise good employment and a high social status.
Hindu Family Roles & Organization
Although many parents expect and accept the Westernization of their children, the question of marriage is still a concern for parents who have opinions about how their children should be married, whether “arranged” or partly arranged.
Hindu parents or Indians from all religious traditions want their children to marry other Indians.
Hindu Family Roles & Organization
Arranged marriages at a young age are considered most desirable for women.
The practice of an arranged marriage continues in the United States in order to minimize the stress associated with differences in castes, lifestyles, and expectations between the male and female hierarchy.
Hindu Family Roles & Organization
The two major types of transfer of material wealth accompanying marriage are bride price and a dowry.
Bride price is payment in cash and other materials to the bride’s father in exchange for authority over the woman, which passes from her kin group to the bridegroom’s kin group.
Hindu Family Roles & Organization
In the joint family structure, Hindu women are considered “outsiders” and are socialized and incorporated in such a way that “jointness” and residence are not broken up.
A close relationship between the husband and wife is disapproved because it induces favoring the nuclear family and dissolving the joint family.
A marriage is regarded as indissoluble.
Hindu Family Roles & Organization
Older family members are held in reverence and cared for by their children when self-care becomes a concern.
Single-parent, blended, and communal families are not well accepted by Hindus.
Homosexuality may cause a social stigma.
ClickerCheck
A male nurse is giving dietary discharge instructions to Mrs. Mukhopadhya. She she does not maintain eye contact with the nurse. This means she is
a.Embarrassed.
b.Does not understand.
c.Demonstrating respect.
d.Does not care.
Correct Answer
Correct answer: C
Out of respect, traditional Hindus do not maintain eye contact with authority figures, nor do females maintain eye content with men.
Hindu Workforce Issues
At work, Hindus adopt American practices and cultural habits.
Hierarchies of age, gender, and caste prescribe transactions among Hindus.
At work, relationships are a reproduction of the authority-dependence characteristic of family and social relationships.
Hindu Workforce Issues
In seeking to establish a personal and benevolent relationship, Hindus may be seen as too eager to please, ingratiating, or docile, all antithetical to the task of assertion and independence.
Women avoid direct eye contact with men.
Direct eye contact with older people and authority figures is a sign of disrespect.
Hindu Biocultural Ecology
Indian diversity of physical types and can be divided into three general groups according to the color of their skin:
White in the north and northwest,
Yellow in areas bordering Tibet and Assam, and
Black in the south.
Hindu Biocultural Ecology
Indids
(whites) have a light-brown skin color, wavy black hair, dark or light brown eyes, are tall or of medium height, and are either dolichocephalic (long-headed) or brachycephalic (short-headed).
Hindu Biocultural Ecology
Melanids
, often referred to as the Dravidians and are the population of southern India, have dark skin ranging from light brown to black, elongated heads, broad noses, thick lips, and black, wavy hair.
They are usually shorter than 5 feet 6 inches tall.
Hindu Biocultural Ecology
Common health conditions of Asian Indians include malaria, filiariasis, tubersulosis, pneumonia, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatic heart disease, sickle cell anemia, dental disease, lactose intolerance, cancer of the cheek, nose, and mouth, breast and stomach cancer, ichthyosis vulgaris, beriberi, thiamine deficiency, goiter, osteomalacia, dropsy, and flurosis.
Hindu Biocultural Ecology
Many individuals require lower doses of lithium, antidepressants, and neuroleptics, and they may experience side effects even with the lower doses.
They are also more sensitive to the adverse effects of alcohol consumption, resulting in marked facial flushing, palpitations, and tachycardia.
Hindu High-risk health Behaviors
Alcoholism and cigarette smoking among Hindu Americans, especially among men, cause significant health problems.
Hindu Nutrition
Dietary habits are complex and regionally varied. Most believe that food was created by the Supreme Being for the benefit of man.
The influence of religion is pervasive in food selection, customs, and preparation methods.
Classification of regional food habits can be two-fold based on the types of cereals and fresh foods consumed.
In the first category are rice and bread eaters; in the second category are vegetarians and non-vegetarians.
Hindu Nutrition
Vegetarianism is firmly rooted in culture.
The term
non-vegetarian
is used to describe anyone who eats meat, eggs, poultry, fish, and sometimes cheese.
Many Brahmins in North India consider eating meat to be religiously sanctioned.
In some parts of India, eating fish is acceptable to Brahmins, whereas in other parts eating meat is sacrilegious.
Hindu Nutrition
Dietary staples include rice, wheat, jowar, bajra, jute, oilseeds, peanuts, millet, maize, peas, sugarcane, coconut, and mustard.
Cereals supply 70 to 90 percent of the total caloric requirements.
A variety of pulses or lentils, cooked vegetables, meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products are also consumed.
Hindu Nutrition
Heavily spiced (curry) dishes with vegetables, meat, fish, or eggs are favored, and hot pickles and condiments are common.
Spice choices include garlic, ginger, turmeric, tamarind, cumin, coriander, and mustard seed.
Vegetable choices include onions, tomatoes, potatoes, green leaves, okra, green beans, and root vegetables.
Hindu Nutrition
In North India, wheat is the staple food. Other cereals are
jowar
,
bajra
, and
ragi
, consumed in porridges, gruels, and
rotis
(baked pancakes).
People from Punjab do not favor fish, and people from the south generally dislike the idea of meat of any kind.
In Saurashtra in the south, fish, fowl, flesh, and eggs are taboo practically everywhere.
Hindu Nutrition
Women generally serve the food but may eat separately from men.
Women are not allowed to cook during their menstrual periods or have contact with other members of the family.
Foremost among the perceptions of Hindus is the belief that certain foods are “hot” and others are “cold,” and therefore, they should only be eaten during certain seasons and not in combination.
Hindu Nutrition
Geographic differences in the hot and cold perceptions are dramatic.
Many foods considered hot in the north are considered cold in the south. Such perceptions and distinctions are based on how specific foods are thought to affect body functions.
Failure to observe rules related to the hot and cold theory of diseases results in illness.
Hindu Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
Birth control methods include intrauterine devices, condoms, and rhythm and withdrawal methods.
Grandmothers, mothers, and mothers-in-law are considered to have expert knowledge in the use of home remedies during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Many older women frequently travel to the United States to assist new mothers in antenatal and postnatal care that is consistent with traditional customs.
Hindu Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
The birth of a son is a blessing because the son carries the family name and takes care of the parents in their old age.
The birth of a daughter is cause for worry and concern because of the traditions associated with dowry, a ritual that can impoverish the lives of those who are less affluent.
Hindu Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
No taboo against the father being in the delivery room exists, but men are usually not present during birthing.
Because self-control is valued, women suppress their feelings and emotions during labor and delivery.
Hindu Pregnancy & Childbearing Practices
Certain “hot” foods like eggs,
jaggery
, coconut, groundnut, maize, mango, papaya, fruit, and meat are avoided during pregnancy because of a fear of abortion caused by heating the body or inducing uterine hemorrhage.
Pregnancy is a time of increased body heat; hence, “cold” foods, such as milk, yogurt, and fruits, are considered good. Buttermilk and green leafy vegetables are avoided because of the belief that these foods cause joint pain, body aches, and flatulence.
Hindu Pregnancy & Childbearing Practices
Burning sensations during urination, scanty urine, or a white vaginal discharge are considered serious signs of significant overheating.
Overeating and consumption of high-protein foods, including milk, are avoided because such foods result in an exaggerated growth of the baby that may lead to a difficult delivery.
Hindu Pregnancy & Childbearing Practices
Morning sickness is caused by an increase in body heat.
Anemia caused by iron deficiency is one of the nutritional disorders affecting women of childbearing age. This condition may be aggravated because of the practice of reducing the consumption of leafy vegetables to avoid producing a dark-skinned baby.
Hindu Childbearing Practices
After the birth, both the mother and the baby undergo purification rites leading to the 11th day.
The baby is officially named on the 11th day during the “cradle ceremony,” and several rituals are performed to protect the baby from evil spirits and to ensure longevity.
Hindu Childbearing Practices
The postpartum mother is considered to be impure and is confined to a warm room and often keeps the windows closed to protect her against cold drafts. Exposure to air conditioners and fans, even in warm weather, may be considered dangerous.
The pollution lasts for 10 days. This period of necessitated and mandatory confinement assists in bonding between the mother and the newborn. It provides the mother with adequate rest and time to tend to the baby’s needs.
Childbearing Practices
A sponge bath for the newborn is recommended until the umbilical cord falls off.
Soft massage to the extremities is recommended before bathing the infant.
Washing the infant’s hair daily is believed to improve the quality of the hair.
Childbearing Practices
During the postpartum period, hot foods, such as brinjals, drumsticks, dried fish, dhal, and greens, are good for lactation.
Cold foods, such as buttermilk and curds, gourds, squashes, tomatoes, and potatoes, are restricted because they produce gas. Cold foods are thought to produce diarrhea and indigestion in the infant.
Childbearing Practices
Abstentions are primarily practiced for the baby’s health; harmful influences might be transmitted through the mother’s breast milk. Some believe that colostrum is unsuited for infants. Most women think that the milk does not “descend to the breast” until their ritual bath on the third day and, as a result, newborns are fed sugar water or milk expressed from a lactating woman.
Childbearing Practices
Breast milk is commonly supplemented with cow’s milk and diluted with sugar water. A child’s stomach is considered weak as a result of diarrhea; therefore, the child is given diluted milk.
Sources of protein, such as eggs, curds, and meat are avoided because they might adversely affect the baby.
Childbearing Practices
The mother’s diet the first few days is restricted to liquids, rice, gruel, and bread.
Boiled rice, eggplant, curry, and tamarind juice are added to the diet between 6 months and a year after the birth of the baby.
Hindu Death Rituals
A tenet of Hinduism is that the soul survives the death; death is a rebirth.
The death rite is called
antyesti
, or last rites.
The priest pours water into the mouth of the deceased and blesses the body by tying a thread around the neck or wrist.
The eldest son completes prayers for ancestral souls, but all male descendants perform the rites; each offers balls of rice on behalf of the deceased ancestor.
Hindu Death Rituals
The body is usually cremated rather than interred.
The ashes are immersed or sprinkled in the holy rivers. Such immersions are of great benefit to the souls of the dead.
Hindus may save their family’s ashes to later scatter them in holy rivers when they return to their homeland.
Hindu Death Rituals
Women may respond to the death of a loved one with loud wailing, moaning, and beating their chests in front of the corpse, attesting their inability to bear the thought of being left behind to handle situations by themselves.
Hindu Spirituality
Hinduism, the largest religion and oldest tradition practiced in India, represents a set of beliefs and a definite social organization.
Hinduism denotes belief in the authority of Vedas and other sacred writings of the ancient sages, immortality of the soul and a future life, existence of a Supreme God, the theory of karma and rebirth, theory of the four stages of life, and the theory of four
Purusarthas
,
or ends of human endeavor.
Hindu Spirituality
Orthodox Hindus view society as divinely ordained on the basis of the four castes: (a)
Brahmin,
the highest caste, priests and scholars, emerged from the head of God; (b)
Kshtriya
,
warriors, from the arms; (c)
Vaisya
,
merchants, from the waist; and (d)
Sudra
,
menials, from the feet of God.
Hindu legal codes are based on the caste system.
Hindu Spirituality
Women often fast one day a week or for a lunar month to fulfill a vow made to a deity in supplication for a particular blessing.
Wives frequently fast to secure the continued health of their husbands and families.
Shrines may be set up in the living room, dining room, or in a back room or in a closet.
The shrine typically contains representations or symbols of one or more deities.
ClickerCheck
The wife of Mr. Ganganna ask the nurse to arrange
antyesti
for her critically ill husband. The nurse recognizes that
antyesti
is
Last rights.
A Hindu religious leader.
A traditional Hindu healer.
A strength enhancing special drink.
Correct Answer
Correct answer: A
Antyesti
is last rights among Hindus.
Hindu Health-care Practices
Physical examinations are especially traumatic to women who may not have experienced or heard about Pap tests and mammography exams.
Most individuals believe that illnesses attack an individual through the mind, body, and soul.
Some believe that too much sexual activity and worry are associated with tuberculosis.
Hindu Health-care Practices
Suffering of any kind produces hope, which is essential to life.
To maintain harmony between self and the supernatural world, the belief that one can do little to restore health by oneself provides a basis for ceremonies and rituals.
Worshiping goddesses, pilgrimages to holy places, and pouring water at the roots of sacred trees have medicinal effects in healing the sick person and in appeasing the planets to help prevent illnesses and misfortunes.
Hindu Health-care Practices
In
Ayurveda
,
the traditional system of medicine in India, the primary emphasis is on the prevention of illnesses. Individuals have to be aware of their own health needs.
One of the principles of Ayurveda includes the art of living and proper health care, advocating that one’s health is a personal responsibility.
The key to health is an orderly daily life in which personal hygiene, diet, work, and sleep and rest patterns are regulated.
Hindu Health-care Practices
A common health problem is self-medication.
Those migrating to America are accustomed to self-medicating and may bring medications with them or obtain medications through relatives and friends.
The traditional healers use Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani medical systems all of which are based on the Tridosha theory.
Hindu Health-care Practices
The Ayurvedic system uses herbs and roots; the Siddha system, practiced mainly in the southern part of India, uses medicines; and the Unani system, similar to the Siddha, is practiced by Muslims.
According to the Tridosha theory, the body is made up of modifications of the five elements: air, space, fire, water, and earth.
Hindu Health-care Practices
Because of their religious beliefs of karma, Hindus may attempt to be stoic and may not exhibit symptoms of pain.
Pain is attributed to God’s will, the wrath of God, or a punishment from God and is to be borne with courage.
Family may not want to disclose the gravity of an illness to the patient or discuss impending disability or death for fear of the patient’s vulnerability and loss of hope, resulting in death.
Hindu Health-care Practitioners
The sick role is assumed without any feeling of guilt or ineptness in doing one’s tasks.
The individual is cared for and relieved of responsibilities for that time.
Psychological distress may be demonstrated through somatization, which is common, especially in women.
Hindu Health-care Practices
Because of the stigma attached to seeking professional psychiatric help, many do not access the health-care system for mental health problems.
Mental illness is considered to be God’s will.
No Hindu policy exists that prevents receiving blood or blood products.
Donating and receiving organs are acceptable.
Hindu Health-care Practitioners
Although Hindus in general have a favorable attitude toward American physicians and the quality of medical care received in the United States, relatives and friends are usually consulted before health-care professionals.
Physicians are considered omnipotent because God grants cures through physicians.
Clients tend to be subservient and may not openly question physicians’ behavior or treatment.
Hindu Health-care Practitioners
Physician is also viewed like an older person in the family; a protective, authoritative, and responsible relationship; and a parent-child relationship.
Mental health traditional healers such as
Vaids
, practice an empirical system of indigenous medicine;
mantarwadis
cure through astrology and charms; and
patris
act as mediums for spirits and demons.
Women are especially modest, generally seeking female health-care providers for gynecologic examinations.
Greek Culture, Hindu Culture and Cuban American Culture Essays – Cuban American Culture
Cuban American Overview/Heritage
The Republic of Cuba is a multiracial society with people of primarily Spanish and African origins.
Other ethnocultural groups include Chinese, Haitians, and Eastern Europeans.
Spain, the United States, and the Soviet Union significantly influence Cuba’s history and culture.
Cuban American Overview/Heritage
Mistrust of government has reinforced a strong personalistic tradition and sense of national identity evolving from family and interpersonal relationships.
Cuban American Overview/Heritage
Desire for personal freedom, hope of refuge, political exile, and promise of economic opportunities prompted migration.
Cubans in the United States take great pride in their heritage and tend to be conservative, Republican, and anticommunist.
Cuban American Overview/Heritage
Many possess a strong ethnic identity, speak Spanish, and adhere to traditional Cuban values and practices..
The highest concentration of Cubans is in Florida, although significant numbers live in New Jersey, New York, Illinois, and California.
Cuban American Communication
Many Cubans live and transact business in Spanish-speaking enclaves.
While the second generation speaks Spanish, many converse with friends or peers in “Spanglish,” a mixture of Spanish and English.
The highly educated are more likely to speak English at home.
Cuban American Communication
Many value
simpatía
and
personalismo
in their interactions with others.
Simpatía,
the need for smooth interpersonal relationships, is characterized by courtesy, respect, and the absence of criticism or confrontation.
Personalismo,
the importance of intimate interpersonal relationships, is valued over impersonal bureaucratic relationships.
Cuban American Communication
Choteo
, a lighthearted attitude with teasing, bantering, and exaggerating is often observed in their communications with others.
Conversations are characterized by animated facial expressions, direct eye contact, hand gestures, and gesticulations.
Voices tend to be loud, and the rate of speech is fast.
Cuban American Communication
Touching, handshakes, and hugs are acceptable among family, friends, and acquaintances and may be used to express gratitude to the caregiver.
Touch is common between people of the same gender; older men and women rarely touch in public.
Cuban American Communication
Most tend to emphasize current issues and problems rather than future ones.
Hora cubana
(Cuban time) refers to a flexible period that stretches 1 to 2 hours beyond designated clock time.
Most Cubans use two surnames representing the mother and father’s family names.
Married women may also add the husband’s name.
Cuban American Family Roles and Organization
Traditional family structure is patriarchal, characterized by a dominant and assertive male and a passive, dependent female.
Traditionally, Cuban wives stay at home, manage the household, and care for children, whereas husbands are expected to work, provide financially, and make major decisions for the family.
Cuban American Family Roles and Organization
Honor is attained by fulfilling family obligations and treating others with
respeto
(respect).
Vergüenza
, a consciousness of public opinion and the judgment of the entire community, is considered more important for women than for men.
Machismo dictates that men display physical strength, bravery, and virility and be the spokesperson, even though they might not make the decisions.
Cuban American Family Roles and Organization
La familia
(the family, nuclear and extended, including godparents) is the most important source of emotional and physical support.
Multigenerational (3 to 4 generations) households are common, including a high proportion of people 65 years and older who live with their relatives.
Cuban American Family Roles and Organization
According to U.S. standards, Cuban parents tend to pamper and overprotect their children.
Children are expected to study, respect their parents, and follow
el buen camino
(the straight and narrow).
Boys are expected to learn a trade or prepare for work and to stay away from vices.
Girls are expected “to remain honorable while single,” to prepare for marriage, to avoid the opposite sex, and not to go out without a chaperone.
Cuban American Family Roles and Organization
When a daughter reaches 15 years, a
quinceaneras
, or elaborate 15th birthday party, is typically held to celebrate this rite of passage for the daughter.
Adolescents may undergo an identity crisis and reject their heritage causing parents to feel their authority is being challenged.
Cuban American Family Roles and Organization
Little information is available on homosexuality.
Same-sex behaviors among men may be regarded as a sign of virility and power rather than homosexual behavior.
The gay lifestyle is contradictory to the machismo orientation of this culture. Same-sex couples may be alienated from their families.
ClickerCheck
A 22-year-old from Cuba comes to the prenatal clinic for the first time. She introduces herself as Elena Florencia Gonzalez Portillo. The receptionist should ask what
a.Is your husband’s surname?
b.Is your husband’s last name?
c.Name do you wish to be called?
d.What is your legal name?
Correct Answer
Correct answer: D
The legal name is what should be used for record-keeping.
Cuban American Workforce Issues
Cuban ethnic enclaves with a familiar language and culture have created numerous employment opportunities for recent Cuban immigrants.
A source of tension is the tendency of Cubans to speak Spanish with other Cuban or Hispanic coworkers. Speaking the same language allows them to form a common bond, relieve anxieties at work, and feel comfortable with one another.
Cuban American Workforce Issues
Traditional Cubans recognize supervisors as authority figures and treat them with respect and deference.
Cubans value a structure characterized by
personalismo
, one that is oriented around people rather than around concepts or ideas.
Personal relationships at work are considered an extension of family relationships.
Because of the emphasis on the job or task in the American workplace, many Cubans view this workplace as being too individualistic, businesslike, and detached.
Cuban American Biocultural Ecology
Most Cubans are white, and only 5 percent are black with physical features similar to those of African Americans.
Cuban Americans tend to have lower incidences of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension than other Hispanic groups or whites.
Because of their diet, which is high in sugar, many exhibit a high prevalence of tooth loss, filled teeth, gingival inflammations, and periodontitis.
Cuban American Biocultural Ecology
Commonly occurring health conditions of Cubans are hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and lung cancer.
Specific information related to drug metabolism is limited; however, in general, many require lower doses of antidepressants and experience greater side effects than non-Hispanic white populations.
Cuban American High-risk Health Behaviors
Cuban Americans tend to exhibit a higher incidence of smoking than other Hispanic or European groups.
Alcohol use is greater among males than females and among younger versus older groups.
Violent deaths account for high mortality rates among adolescents and young adults.
Suicide rates also exceed those of the white non-Hispanic population.
ClickerCheck
The nurse is using an interpreter to interview the parents of a 6-year-old Cuban, Leonardo, who has stomach pain. The nurse should direct questions to
A. The father.
B. The mother.
C. The interpreter.
D. Both parents.
Correct Answer
Correct answer: D
The nurse should address the questions to both parents to demonstrate respect to both of them.
Cuban American Nutrition
Food allows families to reaffirm kinship ties, promotes a sense of community, and perpetuates customs and heritage.
Staple foods include root crops like yams, yuca, malanga, and boniato; plantains; and grains.
Many dishes are prepared with olive oil, garlic, tomato sauce, vinegar, wine, lime juice (
sofrito)
, and spices.
Cuban American Nutrition
Meat is usually marinated in lemon, lime, sour orange, or grapefruit juice before cooking.
A leisurely noon meal (
almuerzo
) and a late evening dinner (
comida
), sometimes as late as 10 or 11 pm, are often customary.
Being overweight is seen as positive, healthy, and sexually attractive.
Food allows families to reaffirm kinship ties, promotes a sense of community, and perpetuates customs and heritage.
Cuban American Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
Cuban women’s fertility rate is lower than that of other Hispanic American women. Cuba’s current reproductive rate is among the lowest in the developing world.
Even before the revolution, Cuba had the lowest birthrate in Latin America.
The low fertility rate has been attributed to many women in the workforce.
Cuban American Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
Preterm births and neonatal and post-neonatal deaths are lower among Cuban American women than among other Hispanic American groups.
Prenatal care is higher than among other Hispanic and white non-Hispanics.
Mothers tend to use advice about child health given by their spouses, mothers, mothers-in-law, and clerks and pharmacists.
Cuban American Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
Childbirth is a time for celebration with family members and friends congregating in the hospital.
Traditionally, men have not attended the births of their children, but younger, more acculturated, fathers are frequently present.
Cuban American Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
During the postpartum period, ambulation, exposure to cold, and bare feet place the mother at risk for infection.
Family members and relatives often care for the mother and baby for about 4 weeks postpartum.
Most women consider breast-feeding better than bottle feeding; approximately half choose to breast-feed.
Cuban American Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
Cutting the infant’s hair or nails in the first 3 months is believed to cause blindness and deafness.
Cuban American Death Rituals
In death, as in life, the support of the extended family network is paramount.
Bereavement is expressed openly as loud crying with other physical manifestations of grief.
Death is often seen as a part of life and some, especially men, may approach death stoically.
Cuban American Death Rituals
The dying person is typically attended by a large gathering of relatives and friends.
In Catholic families, individual and group prayers are held for the dying to provide a peaceful passage to the hereafter.
Religious artifacts such as rosary beads, crucifixes, or
estampitas
(little statues of saints) are placed in the dying person’s room.
Cuban American Death Rituals
For adherents of
Santería,
death rites may include animal sacrifice, chants, and ceremonial gestures.
Candles are lighted after death to illuminate the path of the spirit to the afterlife.
A
velorio
(wake) lasts 2 to 3 days and is usually held at a funeral parlor or in the home where friends and relatives gather to support the bereaved family.
Cuban American Death Rituals
Burial in a cemetery is common practice, although some may choose cremation.
The deceased are customarily remembered and honored on their birthdays or death anniversaries by lighting candles, offering prayers or masses, bringing flowers to the grave, or gathering with family members at the grave site.
Cuban American Spirituality
Approximately 85 percent of Cuban Americans are Roman Catholic; the remaining 15 percent are Protestants, Jews, and believers in African Cuban Santería.
Roman Catholicism is personalistic and characterized by devotion and intimate, confiding relationships with the Virgin Mary, Jesus, and the saints.
Cuban American Spirituality
Significant religious holidays include
Noche Buena
(Christmas Eve), Christmas,
Los Tres Reyes Magos
(Three Kings Day), and the festivals of the
La Caridad del Cobre
and Santa Barbara.
Santería
is a 300-year-old African Cuban religious system that combines Roman Catholic elements with ancient Yoruba tribal beliefs.
Cuban American Spirituality
Followers of Santería believe in the magical and medicinal properties of flowers, herbs, weeds, twigs, and leaves.
Sweet herbs such as
manzanilla, verbena
, and
mejorana
are used for attracting good luck, love, money, and prosperity.
Bitter herbs such as
apasote, zarzaparilla
, and
yerba bruja
are used to banish evil and negative energies. Santería is viewed as a link to the past and is used to cope with physical and emotional problems.
Cuban American Spirituality
Physical complaints may be diagnosed and treated by a physician, whereas the
santero
may assist in balancing and neutralizing the various aspects of the illness.
Deeply held religious beliefs provide guidance and strength during the long and difficult process of migration and adaptation and continue to play an important role in their day-to-day lives.
Cuban American Spirituality
Belief in a higher power is evident in practices used to maintain health and well-being or cure illness, such as using magical herbs, special prayers or chants, ritual cleansing, and sacrificial offerings.
Many tend to be fatalistic, believing that they lack control over circumstances influencing their lives.
Cuban American Health-care Practices
African Cubans may seek biomedical care for organic diseases but consult a
santero
for spiritual or emotional crises.
Conditions such as
decensos
(fainting spells) or
barrenillos
(obsessions) may be treated solely by a
santero
or simultaneously with a physician.
Many tend to seek help only in response to crisis situations.
Cuban American Health-care Practices
Many Cuban Americans rely on the family as the primary source of health advice.
Older women provide traditional home remedies such as herbal teas or mixtures to relieve mild or moderate symptoms or cure common ailments.
Older Cuban Americans were socialized into a strong health ideology and successful primary care system while still in Cuba.
Cuban American Health-care Practices
Use of preventive services in the US is generally determined more by access to care than by acculturation.
Many Cuban Americans use traditional medicinal plants in the form of teas, potions, salves, or poultices. In Cuban communities, stores called
botanicas
sell herbs, ointments, oils, powders, incenses, and religious figurines to relieve maladies, bring luck, drive away evil spirits, or break curses.
Santería necklaces and animals used for ritual sacrifice are often available at
botanicas
.
Cuban American Health-care Practices
Blood transfusions and organ donations are usually acceptable.
Cuban American Health-care
Practitioners
Both traditional and biomedical care are acceptable.
Folk remedies may be used at home, but if the condition persists, folk practitioners such as
santeros
and biomedical practitioners may be used either simultaneously or successively.
S
anteros
may prescribe treatment or perform rituals to enable ill people to recover by invoking supernatural deities to intervene to help make them well.
HealthCare Informatics Essay Assignment
Paper must be written in APA, original, correct in-text citation and good English. Please pay keen attention to the questions asked. Answer all question asked sensibly.
For this HealthCare Informatics Essay Assignment, write a 1,000-1,250 word paper in which you
1. Select a clinically based patient problem in which using a database management approach provides clear benefit potential.
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2. Consider how a hypothetical database could be created to assist with this clinically based patient problem. Identify and describe the data needed to manage this patient problem using information from the electronic health record (EHR).
3. Include a brief description of the patient problem that incorporates information needed to manage the specific problem in the HealthCare Informatics Essay Assignment. Describe what information is required for the patient to manage the condition and how the database and health care provider can be incorporated into the approach for better health outcomes.
4. Describe each entity (data or attribute) that will be pulled from the EHR as either structured or unstructured and provide an operational definition for each. Structured data is more easily searchable and specifically defined. For example, structured data can be placed in a drop-down menu like hair color: brown, black, grey, salt and pepper, blonde, platinum, etc. Unstructured data is data that would be included in a nurse’s notes. An operational definition is how a researcher or informatics specialist decides to measure a variable. For example, when the nurses enter height into the EHR, do they enter height as measured in inches or centimeters or in feet and inches?
5. Provide a complete description of data entities (the objects for which you seek information, i.e., patients) and their relationships to the attributes collected for each entity (data collected for each entity, i.e., gender, birthdate, first name, last name, etc.) that apply to the hypothetical database. You can use a concept map similar to the “Database Concept Map” resource, to help you describe the relationships between each entity and its attributes in your HealthCare Informatics Essay Assignment.
Musculoskeletal System Power point Presentation
Instructions: Our system is the musculoskeletal System. Power point must include a case study and must be real and needs to make sense. I need objectives in the power point. If you have any question feel free to contact me.
This PowerPoint presentation should be no more than 30 minutes in length with an additional 10 minutes of discussion. You are responsible to facilitate your colleagues’ discussion of your topic. You may provide handout to facilitate your presentation and discussion.
ORDER A CUSTOM WRITTEN ESSAY
The scholarly Oral Presentation should include the following:
• Abstract of the presentation (150 words maximum)
• In depth preview of the topic
• An exemplar and discussion of a relevant research study using the method
GRADING RUBRIC: ORAL PRESENTATION
100 points total 15% of grade
CRITERIA MAX.
POINTS EARNED POINTS
Abstract (Introduction) provided is less than 150 words (A brief overview of the background of the topic are provided). _____
10%
An exemplar or case study using the system is presented and discussed. ____
10%
Pathophysiology of the System.______
15%
Clinical Manifestations. ______
10%
Diagnostic Studies/Laboratories. _____
10%
Clinical Management/Treatment Modalities. ______
15%
Evaluation of Treatments. _____
10%
Patient Education and Safety (QSEN). _____
10%
Class discussion is facilitated. ____
10%
Musculoskeletal System Power point Presentation TOTAL: 100%
Essay on Patient Safety and Quality of Care in nursing
Patient Safety
High-performing teams in healthcare organizations are the key to success in creating cultures of quality and safety. A high-performing team that works collaboratively enhances communication and patient safety. Healthcare teams that are not high performing and do not work well together are actually a liability in patient safety. For example, it is apparent to patients and their families when healthcare teams are not working collaboratively and communicating with each other. Kaiser Permanente has developed a framework of communication that healthcare staff can use to communicate about their patients, called the situation-background-assessment-recommendation (SBAR) technique (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, n.d.). This technique can be used to foster a culture of teamwork and patient safety.
Using the readings for the week, the University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following in an essay on patient safety and quality of care in nursing: Discuss the role of the nurse leader in fostering and promoting initiatives related to patient safety. Examine the relationship between patient safety and high-performing interprofessional healthcare teams. Discuss how the use of communication strategies like SBAR improves the high-performing interprofessional healthcare teams. Comment on essay on patient safety and quality of care in nursing postings of at least two peers.
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Evaluation Criteria:
Discussed the role of the nurse leader in fostering and promoting initiatives related to patient safety. Examined the relationship between patient safety and high-performing interprofessional healthcare teams. Discussed how the use of communication strategies like SBAR improves the high-performing interprofessional healthcare teams. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2: Quality of Care
There are many variables influencing the definition of quality of care. For example, patients and their families may perceive quality in one way and the healthcare provider may perceive quality of care in a much different manner. In assessing quality of care, the nurse leader must create a culture of quality through the structures, processes, and outcomes in the healthcare organization. It is only through commitment and the creation of a culture of quality and safety that healthcare organizations in the twenty-first century can succeed and excel.
Using the readings for the week, the University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following in an essay on patient safety and quality of care in nursing: Explain the relationship between quality of care and Medicare reimbursement. Summarize two contemporary external influences to the healthcare organization that are impacting reimbursement to healthcare organizations based on quality of care. Describe one strategy your current or former healthcare organization uses to assess and measure quality of care. Comment on essay on patient safety and quality of care in nursing postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria:
Explained the relationship between quality of care and Medicare reimbursement. Summarized two contemporary external influences to the healthcare organization that are impacting reimbursement to healthcare organizations based on quality of care. Essay on patient safety and quality of care in nursing described one strategy your current or former healthcare organization uses to assess and measure quality of care. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on essay on patient safety and quality of care in nursing postings of at least two peers.
Medicinal cannabis use – History, medical/nursing research and policy discussion post
Please answer to this Medicinal cannabis use – History, medical/nursing research and policy discussion post with a minimum of 250 words. No citation or reference needed for this answer. Thanks
Trace the history of cannabis use and its effect on health (select one current article from a nursing journal on the benefits and/or hazards of smoking cannabis).
Cannabis Sativa can be traced to the Asia continent in China since 1500 BC. The cannabis seeds were used in making animal feeds, oil-based paints and fiber used to make ropes. Fedorova (2017) stated that cannabis can be used for medicinal purposes like treating cancer and posttraumatic stress disorder. Cannabis is an anti-epileptic drug. Cannabis causes lung problems to the users for it contains caffeine components in it. Persons taking it are known to have decreased in memory.
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Who are the stakeholders both in support of and in opposition to medicinal cannabis use?
Government, security apparatus, health professionals, and human activists are the stakeholders supporting or opposing medicinal cannabis use. Those in support the use say it has no addictive levels when used in small amounts. Those against say that the use exposes the users to severe conditions like lung cancer. Cannabis can be used in managing pain while those opposing says it will be abused in large quantities and frequently leading to addiction (Fedorova, 2017).
What does current medical/nursing research say regarding the increasing use of medicinal cannabis.
Marijuana has shown positive effects in eliminating pain and in cancer management. According to Fedorova (2017), patients with severe pain record reduced pain for a long time after using marijuana. Use of cannabis eliminates cancer patient’s experience depression, loss of appetite, insomnia, vomiting and nausea and all this. The drug is administered in chemotherapy session as a means to boost appetite, eliminate depression or make persons have a normal sleep.
What are the policy and future practice implications based on the current prescribed rate of cannabis?
Laws and regulations will be passed and adopted by governments and global health organization. The laws and regulations will encourage the industrial use of marijuana to make drugs. Accordinh to Fedorova (2017), the laws and regulations on marijuana use will ensure there is an increase in revenue, decrease in the misuse of the drug and elimination of black market. Given that cannabis drugs will be over the counter safe consumption of cannabis will be achieved. Medicinal cannabis use – History, medical/nursing research and policy.
References
Fedorova, E. V., & Lankenau, S. E. (2017). Illicit drug use among young adult marijuana users in los angeles: Implications for medical use.
Drug & Alcohol Dependence
,
171
, e62.
Pinkas, J., Jabłoński, P., Kidawa, M., & Wierzba, W. (2016). Use of marijuana for medical purposes.
Ann Agric Environ Med
,
23
(3), 525-528.
Nursing Leader Essay
Nurse Leader and Organizational Culture of Caring
Caring is the primary reason nurses enter the field of nursing, and the concept of caring is often thought of as the essence of nursing. Not only do nurses care for patients but they also have to care for each other. Sometimes, nurses tend to focus so much on patients and their families that they forget to care for themselves and one another. This is a major source of compassion fatigue causing nurses to leave the healthcare organization or, worse yet, to totally leave the nursing profession. Nursing Leader Essay.
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Compassion fatigue is the cumulative impact of physical, emotional, and psychological exposure to trauma, stressful events, and the care for patients or nursing colleagues who face many challenges. Compassion fatigue can sabotage nurses in healthcare organizations as it is challenging, and nurses may be harmed by the very work to which they are so devoted. Nurses must be aware of what it means to create a community within the workplace and to offer support and resources to retain nurses the organization has worked so diligently to recruit.
Using the readings for the week, the University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following in a nursing leader essay: Describe the role of the nursing leader in building a community and creating joy in the workplace. How does an effective leader create an organizational culture of caring, respect, and dignity for all? Identify one strategy you would use in your own healthcare organization. Describe two negative outcomes on recruitment and retention of nurses when a culture of community does not exist in the healthcare workplace. Comment on nursing leader essay postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria: Described the role of the nursing leader in building a community and creating joy in the workplace. Explained how an effective leader creates an organizational culture of caring, respect, and dignity for all, and identified one strategy you would use in your own healthcare organization. In a nursing leader essay, describe two negative outcomes on recruitment and retention of nurses when a culture of community does not exist in the healthcare workplace. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on nursing leader essay postings of at least two peers.
Performance Appraisals and the Nursing Leader
Performance appraisal is a mechanism or strategy for sharing performance feedback with all employees based on a defined set of performance criteria. Nurses need feedback to flourish and grow as well as develop career goals and a career trajectory. Typically, there are organizational policies guiding time for and methods of performance appraisal. Performance appraisals must be conducted on a regular basis applying the organizational policy and performance appraisal guidelines. They should not be conducted as a punitive process but as a formative process to assist employees in learning and growing to become even more valuable to the healthcare organization. There are a variety of formal and informal processes for performance appraisal. The key purpose of a performance appraisal is to support and assist in professional growth.
Using the readings for the week, the University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following in a nursing leader essay: Describe the role of the nursing leader related to coaching and guiding of staff during a performance appraisal. Describe the role of the nursing leader in determining performance appraisal criteria. Examine the need of the nursing leader to be a role model in giving performance improvement data for novice and experienced nurses. Comment on nursing leader essay postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria: Described the role of the nursing leader related to coaching and guiding of staff during a performance appraisal. Described the role of the nursing leader in determining performance appraisal criteria in a nursing leader essay. Examined the need of the nursing leader to be a role model in giving performance improvement data for novice and experienced nurses. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on nursing leader essay postings of at least two peers.
NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Week 1 -Assignment 2 Discussion
Discussion Question 1:
Mission and Vision Statement
.
Every healthcare organization must have a mission and vision statement to guide it. Mission and vision statements often come in a variety of formats. Only when there is alignment between the nurse administrator and the organizational mission and vision statement, there is synergy and a sense of purpose. For example, knowing where the organization wants to go assists nurse administrators in helping meet the mission and vision statement through the tasks they undertake along with their subordinates.
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Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Describe one example of what happens when the nurse administrator’s values are not congruent with the organizational mission and vision statement. Locate the mission and vision statement of your current or previous healthcare organization. If you are not working in the field of healthcare, find a mission and vision statement of a healthcare organization using the Internet. Does this mission and vision statement provide clarity to the organizational direction? Provide a rationale for your answer. As a nurse administrator, how would you assist subordinates to become familiar with this statement? Select and research a department of nursing. Then, write a mission and vision statement for this department. Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria: Described one example of what happens when the nurse administrator’s values are not congruent with the organizational mission and vision statement. Explained whether a selected mission and vision statement provides clarity to the organizational direction. Recommended ways in which a nurse administrator can assist subordinates become familiar with the selected mission and vision statement. Wrote a mission and vision statement for a nursing department. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2: CNO and Medical Staff – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
CNOs must be skilled and competent communicators to lead and manage the collective work of medical staff members at all levels. Reviewing healthcare literature can help you learn a lot about fostering and promoting interprofessional collaboration in healthcare.
Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Define and describe the role of the CNO related to medical staff. Define interprofessional collaboration. What happens to patient outcomes and quality care when there are disagreements between medical staff and nursing personnel regarding aspects of operations? As a CNO, describe at least one strategy you would apply in clarifying expectations of other healthcare team members including the medical staff? Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria:
Defined and described the role of the CNO related to medical staff. Defined the concept of interprofessional collaboration. Explained the impact of disagreements between medical staff and nursing personnel regarding aspects of operations on patient outcomes and quality care. Recommended at least one strategy to clarify expectations of other healthcare team members including the medical staff. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers
Week 1 – Assignment 3 – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Assignment 3: Practicum I Journal Entry 1
In NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions, you will write six journal entries . These journal entries are reflective exercises to facilitate academic learning and self-development as a nurse leader. Reflective journaling provides the opportunity to increase self-awareness as a nurse leader. The journal also offers you an opportunity to reflect on nonacademic components of the practicum experience, including emotions, decision making, critical thinking, and stress associated with the nurse leadership role. There is no “right” or “wrong” in reflective journaling; however, the Practicum I Journal will create a link between the application of course concepts and the content of your specific practicum experience. Practicum journals may be written in first person.
Practicum I Journal entries are graded assignments. They will not be viewed by or shared with other students, only with course instructors. Write a 300–500-word journal entry covering the following: Where are you completing your Practicum I experience? Be certain to include the name, location, and contact information of the healthcare organization in which you are completing your practicum experience. Identify your preceptor. Be certain to include the preceptor’s name, title, and contact information (including telephone number and e-mail address). Identify two or three goals for this week that you have established for yourself related to Practicum I. Review and reflect on how you met these goals this week. Explain how you integrated two concepts or content areas from Week 1 into your practicum experience this week. NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions. Identify your area of greatest learning this week.
Week 2 – Assignment 1 Discussion – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Discussion
Question 1
:
Quality Improvement Projects and the CNO
There has likely never been a time in which healthcare organizations have had to face challenges greater than those in the twenty-first century. For example, in previous decades, bedside nurses cared for patients and were promoted into nursing leadership and nurse executive roles based on the fact that they were “good nurses.” This paradigm no longer exists in contemporary healthcare delivery settings including long-term care, acute care, and community-based settings. The CNO must be prepared to lead and have competency in guiding, leading, and restructuring healthcare delivery systems that are competitive and provide safe, affordable, and efficient quality care at the right time, each time, and every time. CNOs must have skills and competencies that allow them to drive healthcare system changes to meet societal healthcare needs for diverse populations.
You are the CNO in your healthcare organization. Considering this, use the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet to respond to the following: Provide a list of guidelines you would use to develop the quality falls program and the medication safety performance improvement project in your organization. What challenges would you face in the development of these programs? Evaluate two competencies you must have to successfully develop these programs. What will you do if a quality improvement project is needed and there is not enough money in the budget at the time or if the project will add costs that exceed the operating budget? Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
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Evaluation Criteria:
Provided a list of guidelines you would use to develop the quality falls program and the medication safety performance improvement project in your organization. Explained the challenges you would face in the development of these programs. Evaluated two competencies you must have to successfully develop these programs. Recommended ways to handle the situation if a quality improvement project is needed and there is not enough money in the budget at the time or if the project will add costs that exceed the operating budget. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2:
Nurse Sensitive Indicators and the CNO
Nurse sensitive indicators reflect the structure, process, and outcomes of nursing care in a healthcare organization. Key factors influencing nurse sensitive indicators include the structure of nursing care, skill level of nursing staff, and education or certification of nursing staff. Greater quality or quantity of nursing care results in an improvement in patient outcomes that are closely linked to nurse sensitive indicators. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Examine the role of a CNO in relation to nurse sensitive indicators, such as the following: Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) Pressure ulcers As a CNO, what process will you use for developing a nurse sensitive indicator? Estimate the time it takes to create and approve a nurse sensitive indicator. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Examined the role of CNO in relation to nurse sensitive indicators, such as CLABSI, CAUTI, VAP, and pressure ulcers. Described the process utilized for developing a nurse sensitive indicator. Estimated the time it takes to create and approve a nurse sensitive indicator. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Week 2 – Assignment 2
Assignment 2: Practicum I Journal Entry 2
This is your second out of six journal assignments in this course. Write a 300–500-word journal entry covering the following: Identify two or three goals for this week that you have established for yourself related to Practicum I. Review and reflect on how you met these goals this week. Explain how you integrated two concepts or content areas from Week 2 into your practicum experience this week. Identify your area of greatest learning this week.
Week 3 – Assignment 1 Discussion – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Discussion Question 1:
Shared Governance Structure and the CNO
During the 1980s, nursing and healthcare were suffering from challenges of an acute nursing shortage, rampant nurse turnover, and issues with nurse retention. In the mid-1980s, shared governance was instituted to incentivize and empower nurses. Shared governance is an innovative organizational model promoting staff control and autonomy over nursing practice in areas that were previously controlled by managers. The concept of shared governance may be a challenge to understand because it is not uniformly applied or operationalized and because of the great diversity in shared governance models. Nurses working in organizations with shared governance models are more empowered and have higher levels of satisfaction in their roles. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Compare the roles of the CNO and nursing directors or managers in a shared governance structure. What steps can the CNO take to enable smooth operations in such a structure? Identify two challenges CNOs face when working with a shared governance structure. Compare and contrast a model of shared governance with an authoritarian or autocratic CNO. Examine the role of the CNO in working to set parameters for nurses in a shared governance structure. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Compared the roles of the CNO and nursing directors or managers in a shared governance structure. Listed steps the CNO can take to enable smooth operations in such a structure. Identified two challenges CNOs face when working with a shared governance structure. Compared and contrasted a model of shared governance with an authoritarian or autocratic CNO. Examined the role of the CNO in working to set parameters for nurses in a shared governance structure. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2:
Staff Concerns and the CNO
Often, gossip mills and rumors tend to circulate very quickly throughout healthcare organizations even though everything is supposed to be confidential. Good and bad news travel quickly; one of the greatest challenges the CNO or vice president for patient care services (VPPCS) faces is to control and share information with the staff members so that they receive the same message in the same way at the same time. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: What role does the CNO or VPPCS play in addressing the concerns of the entire staff in nursing town-hall meetings? Why is this role important? Provide an example of a need for the CNO or VPPCS to schedule an entire staff town-hall meeting. How can the CNO or VPPCS minimize gossip and information via the “grapevine” before an entire staff town-hall meeting? How would you craft an agenda and circulate it for a town-hall meeting? How can the CNO or VPPCS integrate the use of electronic and social media into addressing staff concerns in twenty-first-century healthcare organizations? Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Described the role of the CNO or VPPCS in addressing the concerns of the entire staff in nursing town-hall meetings, and explained the importance of this role. Provided an example of a need for the CNO or VPPCS to schedule an entire staff town-hall meeting. Suggested ways in which the CNO or VPPCS can minimize gossip and information via the “grapevine” before an entire staff town-hall meeting. Explained how you would craft an agenda and circulate it for a town-hall meeting. Recommended ways in which the CNO or VPCSS can integrate the use of electronic and social media into addressing staff concerns in twenty-first-century healthcare organizations. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Week 3 – Assignment 2
Assignment 2: SWOT Analysis
Draft The CNO constantly needs to evaluate and assess various components of the healthcare organization’s structure, process, and outcomes as they relate to organizational effectiveness in meeting the mission and vision statement. It is relevant to have a method for rapid evaluation and assessment of these components because often, the CNO does not have much time in which to conduct these activities. One method that allows CNOs to effectively and efficiently evaluate and assess healthcare organizations and pinpoint issues is the SWOT analysis. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, outcomes, and threats. The SWOT analysis is easy to administer in order to evaluate the following:
Strengths that are positive and internal
Weaknesses that are negative and internal
Opportunities that are positive and external
Threats that are negative and external
Upon completion of the SWOT analysis, the CNO can set major goals to be achieved and get the organization back on track by linking the SWOT analysis findings to strategic planning. This week, you will begin preparing a SWOT analysis of a nursing department or unit. The purpose of this assignment is to assess your progress on the final SWOT analysis due in Week 5. This assignment provides you the opportunity to self-assess and determine any issues or challenges that need to be resolved prior to completing and submitting the final assignment. Week 3 Tasks Begin this assignment by having a discussion with your practicum preceptor. Discuss and agree upon a nurse leadership issue or topic on which you will base your SWOT analysis. Then, write a 1–2-page SWOT analysis of the nursing department or unit in which you work or have worked in the past.
Cover the following: Explain why you selected the leadership issue or topic. Identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of your nursing department or unit based on this issue. Your final SWOT analysis will be presented in a SWOT matrix. This week, you will begin filling this matrix. Click here to download the SWOT analysis matrix template you can use for this assignment. Prepare a brief note on the implications of this analysis for your nursing department or unit and the selected issue. Use APA style and formatting for your assignment. Make sure to include separate title and reference pages in your assignment. Submit your paper in a Microsoft Word document to the W3: Assignment 2 Dropbox by Tuesday, September 19, 2017. NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions. Name your document SU_NSG6620_W3_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.
Week 4 – Assignment 1 Discussion – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Discussion Question 1:
Strategies for Establishing Operational Budgets
An operational budget is the plan for an organization or unit for daily operating expenses. The operational budget is very similar to how one manages a personal home budget but on a grander scale. For example, there is a balance between accounts receivable and accounts payable, and then there is either a surplus or deficit at the end of the budget period. Most budget periods are a fiscal year or a calendar year. The unit operating budget is the most critical budget in which unit managers must be involved and have the most control over. Extensive information is needed to prepare the operational budget. For example, the operational budget typically requires information related to workload budgets with activity reports, units of service, and workload calculations like HPPD; expense budgets for personnel, staffing, and supplies equipment; the overhead budget; and the revenue budget. Nurses in the unit are often part of the operational budget to examine, or be aware of, weekly or monthly budget variances. This helps the unit function with a positive versus a negative revenue stream. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Describe at least two strategies for establishing operational budgets. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of using each strategy. Explain the strategies your nurse manager or CNO uses to gather and secure the most timely and relevant information to shape future operating budgets. Identify two challenges the nurse manager or CNO faces with this task. Examine implications for the nurse manager or CNO when the unit operating budget is running in the “red” or has numerous negative monthly variances. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Described at least two strategies for establishing operational budgets. Examined the advantages and disadvantages of using each strategy. Explained the strategies your nurse manager or CNO uses to gather and secure the most timely and relevant information to shape future operating budgets. Identified two challenges the nurse manager or CNO faces with this task. Examined implications for the nurse manager or CNO when the unit operating budget is running in the “red” or has numerous negative monthly variances. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning.Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2:
Strategies for Establishing an FTE Budget
Budgeting is a critical and essential component of nursing and patient care. Without proper support for nurses to provide patient-centered care, the organizational mission and goals will not be met. Full-time equivalent (FTE) measures the number of employees working in an organization, assuming they all work on a full-time basis. It measures each employee’s involvement in the organization. Unit managers and CNOs must have fundamental skills and competencies to establish an FTE budget. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Describe various strategies used for establishing an FTE budget. Examine the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. Discuss how the unit manager or CNO elicits input into the FTE budget. Describe one software program utilized by the unit manager or CNO to formulate an FTE budget. Identify the timeline a nurse manager or CNO would utilize to plan the development of an FTE budget. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Described various strategies used for establishing an FTE budget. Examined the advantages and disadvantages of using each strategy. Discussed how the unit manager or CNO elicits input into the FTE budget. Described one software program utilized by the unit manager or CNO to formulate an FTE budget. Identified the timeline a nurse manager or CNO would utilize to plan the development of an FTE budget. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers. NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions.
Week 4 – Assignment 2
Assignment 2: Practicum I Journal Entry 3
This is your third out of six journal assignments in this course. Write a 300–500-word journal entry covering the following: Identify two or three goals for this week that you have established for yourself related to Practicum I. Review and reflect on how you met these goals this week. Explain how you integrated two concepts or content areas from Week 4 into your practicum experience this week. NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions. Identify your area of greatest learning this week. Submit your journal entry to the Journal area by Tuesday, September 26, 2017. Name your journal entry SU_NSG6620_W4_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.
Week 5 – Assignment 1 Discussion – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Discussion Question 1: The Average Daily Census (ADC) and the Target Budget
One of the greatest challenges unit managers and CNOs face is predicting and working with the average daily census (ADC), particularly as it relates to the target budget. The average daily inpatient census refers to the number of patients present at the official census-taking time each day. For example, a patient admitted to the coronary care unit at 1:00 pm and who dies at 4:00 pm the same day is a patient admitted and discharged the same day. The ADC is typically calculated each night at midnight. It is a challenge to predict what the ADC will be on any given day. The target budget is targeted or predicted in the zero-based operating budget based on the previous years’ ADC. The target budget is typically projected at least one year in advance. A lot of information goes into the computation of a target budget, and there are many variances once the budget is formulated and approved. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Explain how the ADC contributes to the target budget. Describe two major challenges in determining the actual target budget and ADC. Identify two major challenges for unit managers and CNOs due to the variances between the actual target budget and the ADC. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Explained how the ADC contributes to the target budget. Described two major challenges with the actual target budget and ADC. Identified two major challenges for unit managers and CNOs due to the variances between the actual target budget and the ADC. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2: Return on Investment
Return on investment (ROI) is a financial performance measure used to evaluate and determine the efficiency of an investment on a number of different measures. The ROI is calculated by examining the benefit (return) of an investment divided by the cost of the investment. The result of this calculation is a percentage or a ratio. For example, the formula for ROI is as follows: ROI = (Gain from the investment – Cost of the investment) / Cost of the investment It should be noted that there is more than one way healthcare organizations may compute and calculate the ROI for a new service or product line. The ROI is not always calculated in direct dollars, but it may be calculated as the ability to contribute to the organizational mission and philosophy. For example, a nonprofit healthcare organization may want to partner with a local community endeavor and establish a free clinic with low-dollar ROI but with a tremendous feeder of new patients to primary care services within the organization. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Develop an ROI for a new project (such as the implementation of a new Level 3 neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]). Summarize the issues and challenges in formulating an accurate ROI for a new product or service line. Identify two major challenges and two major barriers for unit managers or the CNO accountable for ensuring ROI on a new product or service line. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Developed an ROI for a new project (such as the implementation of a new Level 3 neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]). Summarized the issues and challenges in formulating an accurate ROI for a new product or service line. Identified two major challenges and two major barriers for unit managers or the CNO accountable for ensuring ROI on a new product or service line. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Assignment 2: SWOT Analysis
In W3: Assignment 2, you began preparing a SWOT analysis of your nursing department or unit based upon a selected leadership issue or topic. This week, you will finalize your SWOT analysis and submit your assignment in the format of a presentation. Week 5 Tasks Begin this assignment by incorporating the instructor’s feedback on the SWOT analysis you submitted in Week 3. Then, prepare a 6–8-slide PowerPoint presentation covering the following: Provide a brief explanation of your selected leadership issue or topic. Identify a minimum of four strengths, four weaknesses, two opportunities, and two threats for your nursing department. Provide a rationale for each. Provide a note on the relevance and implications of your SWOT analysis. Include a minimum of four peer-reviewed references in support of your note. Suggest at least one recommendation or change based on your analysis. Provide a rationale in support of your suggestion. Explain how you will use this information to create a strategic plan for your nursing department or unit. Use APA style and formatting for your assignment. Make sure to include the following in your presentation: A title and a reference slide (these do not count toward the number of slides in your assignment) Headings for each slide or section Speaker notes in support of the information in each slide Submit your assessment as a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation to the W5: Assignment 2 Dropbox by Tuesday, October 3, 2017. Name your document SU_NSG6620_W5_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.ppt. On a separate page, cite all sources using the APA format.
Week 6 – Assignment 1 Discussion – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Discussion Question 1: Role of the Nurse Executive
There are numerous definitions of what it means to be a nurse executive. The definition may change according to the work environment in your healthcare organization. Some literature refers to the nurse executive as a nurse administrator. The nurse executive must have knowledge, skills, and competencies that foster and promote nursing leadership within the healthcare organization. Nurse executives are in a key leadership role in healthcare organizations and have the capacity to effect positive change and promote a culture of community and excellence. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Examine the role of the nurse executive in a clinical area with staff, patients, and providers. Explain why this role is important. Explain why the nurse executive needs to delegate. What are some of the challenges nurses face during delegation? Evaluate the role of the nurse executive in succession planning for the healthcare organization. Examine the educational preparation and national certification requirements for a nurse executive. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Examined the role of the nurse executive in a clinical area with staff, patients, and providers, and explained why this role is important. Explained why the nurse executive needs to delegate. What are some of the challenges nurses face during delegation? Evaluated the role of the nurse executive in succession planning for the healthcare organization. Examined the educational preparation and national certification requirements for a nurse executive. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2: Characteristics of an Effective Team
As the saying goes, “There is no I in team.” There is another saying, “The whole world is a team.” These two sayings support the fact that everyone in healthcare organizations must work together for the good of patients. There is much in healthcare literature focusing on the role of high-performance teams and their impact on patient quality, patient safety, and healthcare worker satisfaction. One of the greatest “value-added” benefits of high-performance teams is the collaboration and sharing of essential information to enhance quality and patient outcomes. In modern healthcare organizations, effective teams are critical to providing patient and healthcare worker satisfaction. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Describe at least three characteristics of an effective team. Identify two challenges with interprofessional healthcare teams with respect to the various roles. Describe one high-performing team in which you are currently engaged or have engaged in the past. What are the reasons for the success or failure of this team? Examine how education models created for interprofessional healthcare students may develop high-performing healthcare teams. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Described at least three characteristics of an effective team. Identified two challenges with interprofessional healthcare teams with respect to the various roles. Described one high-performing team in which you are currently engaged or have engaged in the past, and explained the reasons for the success or failure of this team. Examined how education models created for interprofessional healthcare students may develop high-performing healthcare teams. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Assignment 2: Practicum I Journal Entry 4
This is your fourth out of six journal assignments in this course. Write a 300–500-word journal entry covering the following: Identify two or three goals for this week that you have established for yourself related to Practicum I. Review and reflect on how you met these goals this week. Explain how you integrated two concepts or content areas from Week 6 into your practicum experience this week. Identify your area of greatest learning this week. Submit your journal entry to the Journal area by Tuesday, October 10, 2017. Name your journal entry SU_NSG6620_W6_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.
Week 7 –
Assignment
1 Discussion – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Discussion Question 1: Nurse Leader and Organizational Culture of Caring
Caring is the primary reason nurses enter the field of nursing, and the concept of caring is often thought of as the essence of nursing. Not only do nurses care for patients but they also have to care for each other. Sometimes, nurses tend to focus so much on patients and their families that they forget to care for themselves and one another. This is a major source of compassion fatigue causing nurses to leave the healthcare organization or, worse yet, to totally leave the nursing profession.
Compassion fatigue is the cumulative impact of physical, emotional, and psychological exposure to trauma, stressful events, and the care for patients or nursing colleagues who face many challenges. Compassion fatigue can sabotage nurses in healthcare organizations as it is challenging, and nurses may be harmed by the very work to which they are so devoted. Nurses must be aware of what it means to create a community within the workplace and to offer support and resources to retain nurses the organization has worked so diligently to recruit.
Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Describe the role of the nursing leader in building a community and creating joy in the workplace. How does an effective leader create an organizational culture of caring, respect, and dignity for all? Identify one strategy you would use in your own healthcare organization. Describe two negative outcomes on recruitment and retention of nurses when a culture of community does not exist in the healthcare workplace. Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria: Described the role of the nursing leader in building a community and creating joy in the workplace. Explained how an effective leader creates an organizational culture of caring, respect, and dignity for all, and identified one strategy you would use in your own healthcare organization. Described two negative outcomes on recruitment and retention of nurses when a culture of community does not exist in the healthcare workplace. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2: Performance Appraisals and the Nursing Leader
Performance appraisal is a mechanism or strategy for sharing performance feedback with all employees based on a defined set of performance criteria. Nurses need feedback to flourish and grow as well as develop career goals and a career trajectory. Typically, there are organizational policies guiding time for and methods of performance appraisal. Performance appraisals must be conducted on a regular basis applying the organizational policy and performance appraisal guidelines. They should not be conducted as a punitive process but as a formative process to assist employees in learning and growing to become even more valuable to the healthcare organization. There are a variety of formal and informal processes for performance appraisal. The key purpose of a performance appraisal is to support and assist in professional growth.
Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Describe the role of the nursing leader related to coaching and guiding of staff during a performance appraisal. Describe the role of the nursing leader in determining performance appraisal criteria. Examine the need of the nursing leader to be a role model in giving performance improvement data for novice and experienced nurses. Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria: Described the role of the nursing leader related to coaching and guiding of staff during a performance appraisal. Described the role of the nursing leader in determining performance appraisal criteria. Examined the need of the nursing leader to be a role model in giving performance improvement data for novice and experienced nurses. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Assignment 2: Zero-Based Operational FTE Budget Draft
Typically, healthcare organizations already have a budget worksheet or spreadsheet for preparing the operational budget. The budget worksheet or spreadsheet contains information identified with an account number or a subcode depicting the cost center. This worksheet or spreadsheet is generally provided when the nurse leader begins to work on the next operational budget. This week, you will begin preparing a zero-based operational FTE budget based on the results of targeted HPPD and the previous year’s average daily census (ADC). For this assignment, you will use the operating worksheet or spreadsheet from the organization in which you are completing your Practicum I experience. Then, you will create a zero-based FTE operational budget for one year. The year may be a calendar year or fiscal year depending on your practicum setting. The purpose of this assignment is to assess your progress on the final zero-based operational FTE budget due in Week 10. This assignment provides you the opportunity to self-assess and determine any issues or challenges that need to be resolved prior to completing and submitting the final assignment. Week 7 Tasks Begin this assignment by having a discussion with your practicum preceptor. Make sure you complete the following based on your discussion: Select one nursing unit you will use for this assignment. This can be your own nursing unit in your practicum setting. Make sure you have access to the data required to complete this assignment. If the healthcare organization of your practicum setting does not have or will not share its budget worksheet or spreadsheet, then you should create your own worksheet or spreadsheet in a Microsoft Excel format. Then, write a draft budget for the nursing unit. Your final version of the FTE budget, which is due in Week 10, should include all of the components listed below. However, for this week, your instructor will assign the components that need to be completed. Prepare a draft of a zero-based operational budget that includes the following based on your selected nursing unit: Operating expenses with subcodes Description of subcodes Prior-year expenses of subcodes Original budget allocations for subcodes Annualized expense for subcodes Budget adjustments for subcodes Approved budget for subcodes Personnel costs for one nursing unit Personnel Costs for One Nursing Unit—Components The nursing personnel budget is based on the total number of hours of care needed, which is determined by patient-acuity levels. Complete the following budget calculations using the information given and add these to the zero-based operational budget as a line item and subcode. Patient-Acuity Levels HPPD (Hours Per Patient Day) 1 4.0 hours 2 6.4 hours 3 10.5 hours 4 16.0 hours The staffing formula is: (Average census x Nursing hours x 1.4 x 1.14) / 7.5 Use APA style and formatting for your assignment. Make sure to include a title and a reference section for the assignment. Submit your budget in a Microsoft Excel worksheet to the W7: Assignment 2 Dropbox by Tuesday, October 17, 2017. Name your document SU_NSG6620_W7_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.xls.
Week 8 -Assignment 1 Discussion – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Discussion Question 1: Key Attributes for Successful Communication
One of the major challenges in nursing and healthcare is learning to communicate effectively and safely with other nurses, staff, the interprofessional healthcare teams, patients, and patients’ families. Nurses and other healthcare workers are often stressed and overworked as they deal with major complexities moment-to-moment during their work hours. Nurses and nurse leaders need to have difficult conversations with staff and patients. For example, part of being an accountable nurse or leader is being a good communicator and having critical conversations even when the conversations involve giving bad news or feedback for improvement. Communication is a powerful skill and a competency that is an integral part of every nurse leader’s role. It is not enough just to communicate; the challenge in a twenty-first-century healthcare organization is to communicate effectively in written words, through body language, and by being mentally and emotionally present during every conversation. Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Describe the key attributes of successful communication and relationship management strategies. Describe the role of the nurse leader in improving communication to enhance nursing professionalism. Identify two challenges you face when communicating during a conflict. Discuss communication strategies you would use as a nurse leader to terminate an employee who has violated the organizational policy. Describe how being emotional during a communication involving conflict can be ineffective and compromise successful communication. Comment on the postings of at least two peers. Evaluation Criteria: Described the key attributes of successful communication and relationship management strategies. Described the role of the nurse leader in improving communication to enhance nursing professionalism. Identified two challenges you face when communicating during a conflict. Discussed communication strategies you would use as a nurse leader to terminate an employee who has violated the organizational policy. Described how being emotional during a communication involving conflict can be ineffective and compromise successful communication. NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2: Decision Making
Decision making is a skill and a competency nurse leaders must use in every act, word, and deed. A decision involves making a choice between alternatives, and it really is an act of choosing the best plan of action given the information at hand at the time the decision is made. Nurse leaders must be decisive as a decision leads to a definitive plan of action. Some decisions must be taken immediately and others may allow a bit more time. An important concept to remember with respect to decision making is that not making a decision or taking any action is also a decision. Considering this, nurse leaders must be attentive to every detail. For example, if there is no decision to honor the organizational policy regarding unacceptable behavior or action of an employee, the unacceptable behavior or action is then condoned or perceived as acceptable and may occur again. Nurse leaders’ decisions drive actions! Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Describe the importance of making data-driven decisions. Explain a decision your current or former nurse leader made and how this decision impacted the healthcare organization. As a nurse leader, you have received information about an executive administrative decision from the board of trustees that you believe is likely to be unpopular. Formulate a plan to share this decision with the nursing staff. Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Assignment 2: Practicum I Journal Entry 5
This is your fifth out of six journal assignments in this course. Write a 300–500-word journal entry covering the following: Identify two or three goals for this week that you have established for yourself related to Practicum I. Review and reflect on how you met these goals this week. Explain how you integrated two concepts or content areas from Week 8 into your practicum experience this week. Identify your area of greatest learning this week. Submit your journal entry to the Journal area by Tuesday, October 24, 2017. Name your journal entry SU_NSG6620_W8_A2_LastName_FirstInitial
Week 9 –
Assignment
1 Discussion –
NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Discussion Question 1: Patient Safety
High-performing teams in healthcare organizations are the key to success in creating cultures of quality and safety. A high-performing team that works collaboratively enhances communication and patient safety. Healthcare teams that are not high performing and do not work well together are actually a liability in patient safety. For example, it is apparent to patients and their families when healthcare teams are not working collaboratively and communicating with each other. Kaiser Permanente has developed a framework of communication that healthcare staff can use to communicate about their patients, called the situation-background-assessment-recommendation (SBAR) technique (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, n.d.). This technique can be used to foster a culture of teamwork and patient safety.
Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Discuss the role of the nurse leader in fostering and promoting initiatives related to patient safety. Examine the relationship between patient safety and high-performing interprofessional healthcare teams. Discuss how the use of communication strategies like SBAR improves the high-performing interprofessional healthcare teams. Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria:
Discussed the role of the nurse leader in fostering and promoting initiatives related to patient safety. Examined the relationship between patient safety and high-performing interprofessional healthcare teams. Discussed how the use of communication strategies like SBAR improves the high-performing interprofessional healthcare teams. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2: Quality of Care
There are many variables influencing the definition of quality of care. For example, patients and their families may perceive quality in one way and the healthcare provider may perceive quality of care in a much different manner. In assessing quality of care, the nurse leader must create a culture of quality through the structures, processes, and outcomes in the healthcare organization. It is only through commitment and the creation of a culture of quality and safety that healthcare organizations in the twenty-first century can succeed and excel.
Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Explain the relationship between quality of care and Medicare reimbursement. Summarize two contemporary external influences to the healthcare organization that are impacting reimbursement to healthcare organizations based on quality of care. Describe one strategy your current or former healthcare organization uses to assess and measure quality of care. Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria:
Explained the relationship between quality of care and Medicare reimbursement. Summarized two contemporary external influences to the healthcare organization that are impacting reimbursement to healthcare organizations based on quality of care. Described one strategy your current or former healthcare organization uses to assess and measure quality of care. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Assignment 2: Practicum I Journal Entry 6
This is your sixth and final journal assignment. Write a 300–500-word journal entry covering the following: Identify two or three goals for this week that you have established for yourself related to Practicum I. Review and reflect on how you met these goals this week. Explain how you integrated two concepts or content areas from Week 9 into your practicum experience this week. Identify your area of greatest learning this week. Submit your journal entry to the Journal area by Tuesday, October 31, 2017. Name your journal entry SU_NSG6620_W9_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.
Week 10 –
Assignment
1 Discussion – NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions
Discussion Question 1: Ethical Dilemmas and Nurse Leaders
Almost every day, nurse leaders confront challenges or issues involving ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas occur with respect to staff, patients and their families, or the business or strategic decisions made by the healthcare administration. One of the essential skills and competencies of twenty-first-century nurse leaders is the ability to peel away the layers of each ethical dilemma and determine the underlying ethical principle. There are numerous ethical decision-making models, and it truly does not matter to which model the nurse leader subscribes. However, it does matter that the nurse leader applies concepts of an ethical decision-making model in this executive leadership capacity.
Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Explain the various steps that nurse leaders can take to prepare themselves and staff nurses for dealing effectively with dilemmas arising from the clash between clinical and organizational ethics. Identify one ethical decision-making model that is of interest to you for identifying ethical dilemmas. What is an ethical principle? How you would apply an ethical principle in your current or a former setting to inform ethical decision making on a particular healthcare issue? Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria: Explained the various steps that nurse leaders can take to prepare themselves and staff nurses for dealing effectively with dilemmas arising from the clash between clinical and organizational ethics. Identified one ethical decision-making model that is of interest to you for identifying ethical dilemmas. Described what an ethical principle is, and how you would apply an ethical principle in your current or a former setting to inform ethical decision making on a particular healthcare issue. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Discussion Question 2: Care Models and the Nurse Leader
There are many ways to organize and deliver nursing care to individual patients and groups of patients. Groups of patients with similar symptoms or like disease diagnoses are referred to as aggregates. There are many different ways nurse leaders organize and determine how the work should be distributed for individuals and aggregate patient populations. Regardless of the care model selected, nurse leaders have many variables to balance to find the right care model that meets and satisfies all key stakeholders. For example, it is not enough to use a care model that meets the nurses’ needs and preferences; finding the balance between comprehensive patient care and satisfaction and nurse satisfaction is required. Patients must have their healthcare needs met and be satisfied, and nurses must be satisfied and want to work in the healthcare organization.
Using the readings for the week, the South University Online Library, and the Internet, respond to the following: Describe the role of the nurse leader in determining the model of care. Describe a model of care and include the pros and cons of this model in your description. Examine the benefit and return on investment to patient quality and outcomes as a result of implementing a model of care. NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions. Explain the human and financial resources needed to implement a selected nursing model of care. Comment on the postings of at least two peers.
Evaluation Criteria: Described the role of the nurse leader in determining the model of care. Described a model of care and included the pros and cons of this model. Examined the benefit and return on investment to patient quality and outcomes as a result of implementing a model of care. Explained the human and financial resources needed to implement a selected nursing model of care. Justified your answers with appropriate research and reasoning. Commented on the postings of at least two peers.
Assignment 2: Zero-Based Operational FTE Budget
In Week 7 NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions, you began preparing a zero-based operational FTE budget draft for your nursing unit. This week, you will finalize your budget and submit your assignment in the format of a Microsoft Excel worksheet. Week 10 Tasks Begin this assignment by incorporating the instructor’s feedback on the worksheet you submitted in Week 7. Then, finalize your zero-based operational FTE budget, and ensure that it covers the following: Identify and describe the selected nursing unit on which the zero-based operational FTE budget is performed. What is the type of service provided by the nursing unit (for example, fifteen-bed intensive care unit or twenty-bed oncology unit)? Finalize the budget worksheet or spreadsheet with subcodes. Make sure to include the following: NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions. Operating expenses with subcodes Description of subcodes Prior-year expenses of subcodes Original budget allocations for subcodes Annualized expense for subcodes Budget adjustments for subcodes Approved budget for subcodes Personnel costs for one nursing unit Use APA style and formatting for your assignment. Make sure to include a title and a reference section for the assignment. Submit your budget in a Microsoft Excel worksheet to the W10: Assignment 2 Dropbox by Tuesday, November 7, 2017. Name your document SU_NSG6620_W10_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.xls. NSG6620 Practicum I: Quantitative Skills in Nursing Administration Essay Assignments Discussions.
PBL Case Discussion: Issues in Growth and Behavior Essay Assignment
Week 5: PBL Case Discussion: Issues in Growth and Behavior Part One No unread replies. No replies. Today you note that Kayla is back with Jo for behavioral issues. HPI: Kayla (mom) is back to visit with Jo, the 5 & 8/12 year-old female child. She is here for complaints of behavioral difficulties and poor performance in school. Mother reports since moving back in with her parents that Jo has become increasingly emotional and ‘clingy’. The mother reports that she has always been needier than her siblings. However, since the move and starting kindergarten, others have commented on difficulties in behavior, difficulty leaving her at school, and the inability of the mother to leave without Jo when she goes out because she refuses to stay with her grandparents. PMH: No change in diet; no fever; no communicable disease symptoms; continues children’s chewable multivitamin with iron daily; sleep includes going to bed around 11 when Kayla does because she refuses to sleep in her own bed and hand has been sleeping with Kayla every night. She is waking for school at 6:30 am. Discussion Questions Part One: What additional OLDCART and ROS information would you like? Why? Differential diagnoses with rationale? Jo has become increasingly emotional and ‘clingy’. The mother reports that she has always been needier than her siblings. Further history and ROS needed to more fully develop your differential diagnoses?
History and the expected normal physical examination findings in the SOAP note format
Using a friend, family member, or colleague, perform a detailed men’s health history. Document the history and the expected normal physical examination findings in the SOAP note format. Even though your patient may have abnormal findings, you must document the expected normal exam findings for the system. If you would like to include the abnormal findings they should be noted in parenthesis next to the normal expected findings. The complete subjective and objective sections must be included. You may include the assessment and plan portion of the SOAP note, but these sections will not be graded. You should devise a chief complaint so that you may document the OLDCART (HPI) data. You must use the chief complaint of penile discharge, rectal bleeding, or frequent urination. You should also focus the ROS based on the patient’s chief complaint and the body systems being examined. Refer to the SOAP Note Format document in Course Resources as necessary. This will be the same format that faculty will follow during the immersion weekend. Please note the first post is due by Tuesday, 11:59 p.m. MT. History and the expected normal physical examination findings in the SOAP note format .