Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Assess national regulations regarding confidentiality. What are the ethical considerations in the establishment of these laws?

There are a great number of resources on the Internet that provide reliable examples of health assessments. It is recommended that you find one public site within your own State/county and you can carry this data over to the Unit 8 assignment. Go to the public link chosen and choose a health issue (i.e. Children with Special Health Care Needs). Review the data and evaluate it. Report your findings in a thorough, well-organized manner. For example, if you live in Los Angeles county, California, this link is an option for you –
http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/HA_ALPHA_REPORTS.htm

Ask yourself these questions as you gather your data:

What can you assume from this health assessment? Take into consideration the population demographics used in Unit 4.

What information contained in the report could help you in planning interventions in community health?

What information could be used in public policy planning?

Format your paper consistent with APA 6th guidelines. Be sure to list your sources of information at the end of your assignment. You should have at least 3 sources.

Monetary Policy: Economic Analysis

Overview

In 3–4 pages, explain how declines in real estate values, subprime mortgage loans, and mortgage backed securities relate to the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Analyze the idea that monetary policy can exhibit cyclical asymmetry.

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

Competency 1: Analyze the economic environment and the role of the federal government in establishing fiscal and monetary policies.

Explain how declines in real estate values, subprime mortgage loans, and mortgage backed securities relate to a financial crisis.

Competency 3: Evaluate the role of ethics and regulatory considerations on economic decision making in global organizations.

Analyze the notion that monetary policy can exhibit cyclical asymmetry.

Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is professional and consistent with expectations for members of the business professions.

Correctly format citations and references using current APA style.

Write content clearly and logically with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

Context

This assessment examines the federal banking and financial institution system, and the monetary policy that the Federal Reserve Bank (“the Fed”) uses to create and control the supply of money, interest rates, and inflation. The tools of monetary policy used by the Fed consist of controlling the required reserves of commercial banks, buying and selling government securities (bonds) in the market, and setting the rate at which banks can borrow from the Fed. Actions by the Fed determine indirectly the interest rates for mortgages, car loans, and credit cards.

Questions to Consider

As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community. Note that these questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment.

Search the Internet for the Web site of the corporation of your choice, and find that corporation’s annual report to stockholders. Then, answer the following:

Does the company have characteristics of a perfect competition, monopoly, or oligopoly?

How does competition in this industry help or hurt consumers?

What does the annual report say about the corporation’s view of future business challenges and the market in which it operates?

Does this corporation see long-run adjustments?

Consider both the microeconomic and macroeconomic views. Do you agree with the corporation’s view? Why or why not?

Resources

Suggested Resources

The resources provided here are optional and support the assessment. They provide helpful information about the topics in this unit. You may use other resources of your choice to prepare for this assessment; however, you will need to ensure that they are appropriate, credible, and valid. The MBA-FP6008 – Global Economic Environment Library Guide can help direct your research. The Supplemental Resources and Research Resources, both linked from the left navigation menu in your courseroom, provide additional resources to help support you.

The Effects of Government Policies

The resources below provide information about the effect of U.S. government policies on the economic environment.

Paul Solman’s video, The Federal Reserve Bank’s Primary Role | Transcript, from the McGraw-Hill Web site. Retrieved from http://www.mhhe.com/economics/solman_video_mov/steer_fedreserve.mov

S. Department of the Treasury. (n.d.). National debt. Retrieved from https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/faqs/Markets/Pages/national-debt.aspx

Amadeo, K. (2016). 2008 financial crisis: Causes, costs and could it reoccur? Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/2008-financial-crisis-3305679

(n.d.). Time lags and targets. Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/users/233416/textbooks/money-banking-and-international-finance/monetary-policy-tools-14/monetary-policy-tools-35/time-lags-and-targets-124-15222/

McConnell, C., Flynn, S., & Brue, S. (2015).
Macroeconomics
(20th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 14, “Money, Banking, and Financial Institutions,” pages 313–331.

Chapter 15, “Money Creation,” pages 335–348.

Chapter 16, “Interest Rates and Monetary Policy,” pages 351–377.

Assessment Instructions

Businesses are as vulnerable as individuals to the economic upswings and downturns of a nation’s economy. Savvy business leaders understand how to see the economic trends, as well as how those trends will affect the business.

Requirements

There are two parts to this assessment. Be sure to complete both parts before submitting.

Part I

Explain how
each
of the following relate to the financial crisis of 2007–2008:

Declines in real estate values.

Subprime mortgage loans.

Mortgage-backed securities.

Part II

Analyze what economists mean when they say that monetary policy can exhibit cyclical asymmetry.

How does the idea of a liquidity trap relate to cyclical asymmetry?

Why is the possibility of a liquidity trap significant to policymakers?

Organize your assessment logically with appropriate headings and subheadings. Support your work with at least 3 scholarly or professional resources and follow APA guidelines for your citations and references. Be sure to include a title page and reference page.

Additional Requirements

Include a title page and reference page.

Number of pages: 3–4, not including title page and reference page.

Number of resources: At least 3.

APA format for citations and references.

Font and spacing: Times New Roman, 12 point; double-spaced.

Health Care Ethics Case Study

In each case, answer the questions at the end of the case and give researched references to support your assertions; also, explain what would be the ethical course of action and the legal requirements for action in the case.

Case One

Mary Stokes is in need of a kidney transplant, and her parents and siblings have been tested for compatibility. Her father is afraid of operations and knows that kidney trouble runs in the family. Before the test, Mary’s father tells the doctor that he does not want anyone, especially his wife, to know that he is compatible. He explains that if the family knows they will pressure him into being a donor. The father turns out to be the only one who is compatible. Mary asks the doctor, “Are you sure no one in my family is compatible?”

Is the father a patient and protected by confidentiality? Even if he is not a patient, is his explicit request, which was not refused, a protection of his confidentiality? If the matter is confidential, what can the physician say or do to protect the secret?

Case Two

Dr. Curious has a habit of wandering around the hospital and looking at the records of friends who are in the hospital. The nurses have tried to stop him, but he has retaliated by making their lives miserable and belittling them in public at every opportunity. The nursing administration has been notified but has done nothing, as it wants to avoid rocking the boat.

What are the nurses’ ethical obligations after they have done everything mentioned in the text? See Chapter 2 (Garrett). Is “not wanting to rock the boat” a sufficient excuse for the administration to do nothing further?

Clinical Exercise Testing

assume the role of a non-physician who is trained in conducting clinical exercise testing. The following events happen on a sunny day in August: You receive a call from Jake, a personal trainer at XYZ Gym. Jake is with a client, Rose (age 26), who has decided to lose weight. She wants to start cardiorespiratory endurance training and take some group fitness classes at the gym. Rose’s goal is to work out five times per week for one hour each day to get in shape by December, as she is engaged to be married on New Year’s Eve. However, Rose has never exercised before; she has a BMI of 36 and a family history of Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. She has not seen a practitioner for 10 years, and therefore, no other health-related data is available. Jake does not feel comfortable administering an exercise test on Rose and is therefore referring the client to you. Rose does not feel she should be tested as she feels fine. She has expressed her readiness to exercise and lose some excess weight.  Given this scenario, address the following in your response:

•Analyze whether Rose should undergo clinical exercise testing. Support your decision with a clear rationale.

•Explain your role and duties to Rose, as well as your recommendation for or against clinical exercise testing. Be convincing in your explanation so that Rose fully understands your recommendations and rationale.  •Assess Rose’s potential risks and complications involved in exercising and/or exercise testing. •Recommend a specific intensity and duration for daily exercise to Rose. State the rationale for your recommendation.

•Recommend two specific dietary changes which may aid Rose in losing weight.  Support your work with your course text and the 
Supervision of Exercise Testing by Nonphysicians 

Links to an external site. article. You may utilize additional resources, as desired. Your initial posting must be at least 250 to 300 words in length.  Guided Response: Respond to two peers by Day 7. Each reply should entail a minimum of 100 words and encompass a comparison of your decisions and rationale. Compare and contrast your assessment of risks and complications, as well as recommendations for exercise and dietary changes to the work of your peers.

Process Control Quality Management Essay

This week you have learned about process control. You have had the opportunity to learn about the various charts and statistical tools that can be used in order to control a process. Assume that you are a part of the quality assurance team for a pharmaceutical company that is about to release a new medication to control blood pressure. The quality assurance department is torn as to what method should be used in process control. Half of your department feel s-charts should be used and the other half of the department feel x-Bar charts should be used. Our discussion will be in the format of a debate this week. If your last name begins A-L, you will be for using x-Bar charts. If your last name begins M-Z, you will be for using s-Charts. Be sure to use your course materials and outside research to support your reply.

Your initial response should be a minimum of 150 words. Your work should be in your own words and should include research to support your response. Be sure to avoid Wikipedia as a resource as this is not a reliable source. Include your resources at the end of your response. Once you have completed your response, you will want to respond to at least two (2) of your classmates responses. Please remember that your responses to your classmates should be substantive and should promote additional discussion within the classroom. Simple “I agree” responses will not be counted towards your participation grade.

Adaptive Response As an advanced practice nurse, you will examine patients presenting with a variety of disorders. You must, therefore, understand how the body normally functions so that you can identify when it is reacting to changes. Often, when changes occur in body systems, the body reacts with compensatory mechanisms. These compensatory mechanisms, such as adaptive responses, might be signs and symptoms of alterations or underlying disorders. In the clinical setting, you use these responses, along with other patient factors, to lead you to a diagnosis. Consider the following scenarios: Scenario 1:

Jennifer is a 2-year-old female who presents with her mother. Mom is concerned because Jennifer has been “running a temperature” for the last 3 days. Mom says that Jennifer is usually healthy and has no significant medical history. She was in her usual state of good health until 3 days ago when she started to get fussy, would not eat her breakfast, and would not sit still for her favorite television cartoon. Since then she has had a fever off and on, anywhere between 101oF and today’s high of 103.2oF. Mom has been giving her ibuprofen, but when the fever went up to 103.2oF today, she felt that she should come in for evaluation. A physical examination reveals a height and weight appropriate 2-year-old female who appears acutely unwell. Her skin is hot and dry. The tympanic membranes are slightly reddened on the periphery, but otherwise normal in appearance. The throat is erythematous with 4+ tonsils and diffuse exudates. Anterior cervical nodes are readily palpable and clearly tender to touch on the left side. The child indicates that her throat hurts “a lot” and it is painful to swallow. Vital signs reveal a temperature of 102.8oF, a pulse of 128 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 24 beats per minute.

Scenario 2:

Jack is a 27-year-old male who presents with redness and irritation of his hands. He reports that he has never had a problem like this before, but about 2 weeks ago he noticed that both his hands seemed to be really red and flaky. He denies any discomfort, stating that sometimes they feel “a little bit hot,” but otherwise they feel fine. He does not understand why they are so red. His wife told him that he might have an allergy and he should get some steroid cream. Jack has no known allergies and no significant medical history except for recurrent ear infections as a child. He denies any traumatic injury or known exposure to irritants. He is a maintenance engineer in a newspaper building and admits that he often works with abrasive solvents and chemicals. Normally he wears protective gloves, but lately they seem to be in short supply so sometimes he does not use them. He has exposed his hands to some of these cleaning fluids, but says that it never hurt and he always washed his hands when he was finished.

Scenario 3:

Martha is a 65-year-old woman who recently retired from her job as an administrative assistant at a local hospital. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, which has been controlled for years with hydrochlorothiazide. She reports that lately she is having a lot of trouble sleeping, she occasionally feels like she has a “racing heartbeat,” and she is losing her appetite. She emphasizes that she is not hungry like she used to be. The only significant change that has occurred lately in her life is that her 87-year-old mother moved into her home a few years ago. Mom had always been healthy, but she fell down a flight of stairs and broke her hip. Her recovery was a difficult one, as she has lost a lot of mobility and independence and needs to rely on her daughter for assistance with activities of daily living. Martha says it is not the retirement she dreamed about, but she is an only child and is happy to care for her mother. Mom wakes up early in the morning, likes to bathe every day, and has always eaten 5 small meals daily. Martha has to put a lot of time into caring for her mother, so it is almost a “blessing” that Martha is sleeping and eating less. She is worried about her own health though and wants to know why, at her age, she suddenly needs less sleep.

To Prepare

1. Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 6 in the Huether and McCance text. 2. Identify the pathophysiology of the disorders presented in each of the three scenarios, including their associated alterations. Consider the adaptive responses to the alterations. 3. Review the examples of “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in this week’s Learning Resources. Then select one of the disorders you identified from the scenarios. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to alterations. 4. Review the Application Assignment Rubric found under Course Information

To Complete

Write a 2- to 3-page paper excluding the title page, reference page and Mind Map that addresses the following:

1. For each of the three scenarios explain the pathophysiology, associated alterations and the patients’ adaptive responses to the alterations caused by the disease processes. You are required to discuss all three scenarios within the paper component of this assignment. 2. Construct one mind map on a selected disorder presented in one of the scenarios. Your Mind Map must include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to alterations.

Note: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references.

The Human Role in Quality Management Essay

You have learned about the important role the humans play in quality management. Thinking about your current place of employment, what role do you feel you and your colleagues play in quality management for the product or service offered to your customers? If you are not currently employed, you may use a previous employer or a fictional company.

Your initial response should be a minimum of 150 words. Your work should be in your own words and should include research to support your response. Be sure to avoid Wikipedia as a resource as this is not a reliable source. Include your resources at the end of your response. Once you have completed your response, you will want to respond to at least two (2) of your classmates responses. Please remember that your responses to your classmates should be substantive and should promote additional discussion within the classroom. Simple “I agree” responses will not be counted towards your participation grade.

Review the strategy for overcoming any organizational barriers in a setting where your topic (Clinical Pathway: ED Admissions “Intractable Pain” and Social Admissions – Inpatient vs Observation – Preventing Readmissions)  may be an issue.

Identify any legal, ethical, and sociocultural considerations, including institutional review board guidelines.

Finalize the needs assessment plan based on any needed changes. This is a theoretical plan that you are developing as if you were going to administer the needs assessment.

Begin completing 6 annotated bibliography related to the need for your chosen topic. (Clinical Pathway: ED Admissions “Intractable Pain” and Social Admissions – Inpatient vs Observation – Preventing Readmissions)

Quality Management Paper

You have learned about the ins and outs of quality and the tools and techniques that can be used to ensure that quality is met and controlled within the workplace. As you begin your final week in your journey towards quality, you will learn about costs and the role of people in quality management.

You might be wondering what role costs have when considering quality standards. This would be a good question as some overlook the aspect that money plays when managing workplace quality. Imagine this, you have purchased a brand new vehicle that you absolutely love. You can’t wait to get it home and show it to your friends and family. A few weeks into owning the vehicle, you get a letter stating that the vehicle has a recall on it. You now must take the vehicle to the shop to have it repaired which takes time out of your day and can be a bit frustrating. On the end of the vehicle manufacturer, they are forced to pay for the repairs on the vehicle which means that they are paying labor costs and for the costs of the parts. Not to mention that if the recall results in a lawsuit, the vehicle manufacturer will also have legal costs to endure.

In quality control situations, there are four categories to consider when determining costs.

First, you must consider the costs associated with prevention. These are the costs associated with research, product development, reviews, audits, etc. Time and money was put into making sure that the product developed was going to be sold with no issues at all. There are costs with the appraisal which measures and evaluates production to ensure there are no issues. This category includes inspections, training, setups, etc. There are internal failure costs which consist of the costs of failures prior to the delivery to the customers. These costs come into effect when there are errors found in production, repairs, reworks, material changes, etc. Finally we have the external failure costs that are the costs we may be more familiar with as these costs occur when the product has been sold and an issue has been found. Aside from simply losing money on the product, a company has to consider that they may lose a customer. Anyone in the business industry knows that customers are a necessity in order to succeed, so this alone can be detrimental to an organization.

Cost of Quality System

In order to help avoid losing money due to the categories we just discussed, Philip Crosby came up with a cost of quality system as a means of helping to keep companies from losing money. Sower (2011) quotes Philip Crosby in the textbook by stating “the goal of a quality cost system is to provide a means of showing management that reducing the cost of quality is in fact an opportunity to increase profits without raising sales, buying equipment, or hiring new people. In addition to getting management’s attention, a cost of quality system also provides a measurement base for seeing how quality improvement is doing.” In other words, the goal is to aim for zero failure costs in the production to the selling process. The cost of quality system put into place within the workplace aims to do just this.

Human Role

Now, we have established how to measure costs, how to prevent loss, how to manage quality, etc. There is one final aspect to consider and that is the human body. What role do people have in quality management? Well, they have a very important role. People, as perfect as we all try to be, have a tendency to cause an issue from time to time. Unfortunately, change is one of the biggest challenges that humans face within the workplace and when this challenge occurs, errors occur too. So, how can this be avoided? Well, for starters, it is important to understand those who are employed. Understanding what moves them, motivates them, makes them uncomfortable, etc. is a big part of avoiding change resistance. A strong manager is one who understands that people are human with feelings and emotions. Though the workplace is not necessarily the place to show these emotions and feelings, when one faces an unexpected and unexplained change, it is natural to resist. Taking the time to learn about each individual helps to curb these feelings and emotions while directing them in a more positive and productive direction.

Communication is your first step in working with your employees. If you are going to claim you have an open door policy, be sure that you truly do. Don’t let your employees feel that you are not approachable because this will lead to errors in the future. Take the ideas your employees offer and determine if they can be of use. You might find that your biggest resources are those you have working for you. The vehicle windshield wiper and airbag didn’t invent itself after all.

Motivate your employees. Studies have shown that a motivated employee is a productive employee. I am sure you would agree with this statement. I know that when I am feeling less than motivated, I have a tough time getting my work done. This is a human characteristic and it’s a normal feeling. However, lack of production leads to a decrease in profits and an increase in costs. So, again, learn about your employees and understand what motivates them. Be creative and show your employees that you are making an effort to meet their needs. Aside from needing customers to be successful, you will also need motivated employees.

Finally, set standards and policies and be sure to follow them. A manager who leads by example will have employees who follow suit. Be sure that the policies that are put into place are reasonable and something that can truly be followed. Taking the time to set an example for your employees while enforcing the policies will help to ensure a successful work environment and will help keep costs low. Imagine a shop with no injuries or a production line with no errors. These are the standards that need to be set and followed in order to create a successful and profit producing workplace.

Chapters 12 and 13 will provide you with the information necessary to costs and the role people play within the quality management process. Your main objective in finishing the weekly learning is to investigate the importance of human factors in quality. Upon completing your chapter reading, be sure to review the presentation and video that are found in your learning material.

Resources

Sower, V.E. (2011). Essentials of Quality. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Final Project Over the past 8 weeks, you have learned about the importance of quality within the workplace along with the tools and techniques that can be used to ensure that a quality product or service is being passed onto the customer. In week 8, you learned about the role of human factors in quality. Choose a company of your choice to determine how tools and techniques learned this term could benefit the company. You can include any of the methods you have found to be useful over the past 8 weeks. You will also determine the human factors that could be helpful or harmful to the company and expand upon what could be done to improve the product or service quality overall. Use your course materials and outside research to generate a solid analysis on why these methods would be helpful. Your analysis should be supported by research.

The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded:

Write between 1,500 – 1,750 words (approximately 6 – 7 pages) using Microsoft Word in APA style, see example below. Use font size 12 and 1” margins. Include cover page and reference page. At least 80% of your paper must be original content/writing. No more than 20% of your content/information may come from references. Use at least four references from outside the course material, one reference must be from EBSCOhost. Text book, lectures, and other materials in the course may be used, but are not counted toward the four reference requirement. Cite all reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) in the paper and list on a reference page in APA style. References must come from sources such as, scholarly journals found in EBSCOhost, CNN, online newspapers such as, The Wall Street Journal, government websites, etc. Sources such as, Wikis, Yahoo Answers, eHow, blogs, etc. are not acceptable for academic writing.

A detailed explanation of how to cite a source using APA can be found here (link).

Download an example here.

Grading Criteria Assignments Maximum Points Meets or exceeds established assignment criteria 40 Demonstrates an understanding of lesson concepts 20 Clearly presents well-reasoned ideas and concepts 30 Uses proper mechanics, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling 10 Total 100