Assignment Prompt & Instructions
see attachment
– ## HSmodule3Interview.docx
– ## HSmodule3class.pdf
**## HSmodule3Interview.docx**
**_Interview_**
**Instructions**
1. 1. Review the discussion material for this module and additional references. Review the previous modules and the topics discussed in the course so far.
2. This activity consists of interviewing a person who works in an area related to the topics or study of human sexuality.
3. Some suggestions of individuals to choose from:
A. Sexologist/Forensic sexologist.
B. Psychologist, psychiatrist, counselor, social worker, or other specialty in the discipline of mental health and behavior.
C. Doctor of medicine (pediatrician, internist, surgeon, etc.).
D. University professor with a specialty related to sexuality.
E. Researcher who has completed scientific research on a topic related to human sexuality.
F. Salesperson of sex act products (only those directed at adults that do not include illegal sexual acts).
G. Police or investigator who specializes in sex crimes or related experience h. Student at the master's level (only those directed at adults that do not include illegal sex acts) Salesperson of sex act products (only those directed to adults that do not include illegal sexual acts).
H. Police or investigator specializing in sex crimes or with related experience.
I. Master's or doctoral level student in areas related to human sexology.
J. Criminal attorney who has handled sex crime cases
K. Employee of a government agency or public corporation involved in services to victims or victimizers of sex crimes.
*If you do not have access to any of these options, consult with the course instructor to consider other alternatives.
4. You should prepare a minimum of 10 guiding questions to include in your interview. These questions should be
**open-ended questions that relate to the topics in modules 1-3. You may include questions related to what you have learned in previous modules, as long as it relates to the main topic of the course.** Other questions will arise during your discussion based on the answers to your guiding questions. Questions should be related to the topics of human sexuality, anatomy as it relates to sexuality, social programming, influences, their relationship, and any other related topics based on the professional's specialty. You are encouraged to be creative, respectful and take the opportunity to have a professional conversation.
5. If possible and if the person agrees, you can record the audio of your interview. Be sure to ask permission to do so and that the person agrees in writing and on the audio. If this is not possible, take careful notes during your interview. The interview can be virtual (remote) using an application such as Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Google Meet, Skype, etc.
6. Write a report including information about the interviewee and his or her credentials. Include your guiding questions, the answers, major themes that emerged in the interview, and what you learned from the experience (information you did not know, positive/negative aspects, etc.). That report is due in activity section #1.
7. Your teacher will indicate the due date for this assignment.
Contribute a minimum of 4 -2 pages. It should include at least 2 academic sources, formatted and cited in APA.
Be sure to review the
[academic expectations](https://agmu.instructure.com/courses/1876/pages/expectations-and-best-practices-for-assignments) for your submission.
**Submission Instructions:**
· Submit your assignment by 11:59 PM Eastern on Sunday.
· Review the rubric to determine how your assignment will be graded.
· Your assignment will be run through Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
**## HSmodule3class.pdf**
Module 3
Psychological and Social
Dimension of Sexuality
PSYC 360 Human Sexuality Seminar
Objectives
At the end of the module the student will:
Distinguish between social and psychological
factors that influence sexual behavior.
To relate the sexual development of the individual to
the social programming we receive, and the multiple
stimuli that are present in the different stages.
Reflect for a moment on the messages we receive on a daily basis related to
sexuality.
What examples come to mind? Perhaps you saw an advertisement, read a joke, or
heard a sexual comment. Perhaps you are thinking about sexual issues right now as
you read this paragraph and associating it with some personal experience. This
example reiterates that the topic of human sexuality is present in many of the stimuli
and messages we are exposed to from different sources or reasons.
This module begins to delve deeper into the topic of human sexuality and how it
relates to psychology through a look at social influences, our psychological
interpretation and its influence on behavior.
Introduction
Social factors are factors that affect thinking or behavior in social contexts or
that affect self-concept vis-à-vis other individuals or groups.
Psychological factors are functional, as opposed to biological, factors that
contribute to personality development, maintenance of health and well-being,
and the etiology of mental and behavioral disorders.
Examples of psychological factors include the nature of important
relationships in childhood and adulthood, the experience of reassurance or
stress in social settings (e.g., school, work), and the experience of trauma.
Social and Psychological
Culture refers to the specific customs, values, beliefs, knowledge,
art and language of a society or community. These values and
concepts are passed from generation to generation and are the
basis for everyday behaviors and practices.
What Is Culture According to Psychology?
What Is Culture According to
Psychology?
CultureBeliefs
Customs
Values
Knowledge
Language
In Western culture, the emphasis of sex education has been mainly
on reproduction until the 1980's, and the clitoris (pleasure-only
organ) was not discussed.
Some Caribbean cultures view sex as taboo and little is said about
sexuality. Religion and patriarchal society have been associated
with such attitudes.
Social programming about human sexuality is related to race,
culture, ethnicity and gender.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Some of the oldest artifacts recovered are believed to be fertility totems.
The Hindu Kama Sutra, for example, is an ancient text that discusses
desire, pleasure and love, and includes instructions on how to have sex.
It includes instructions on how to have sex. The Muslim Koran, Jewish
Torah and Christian bible include advice, rules and stories about sex.
There are cultures that place great emphasis on a woman's virginity
before marriage, especially in Japan and the Middle East.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Some of the oldest artifacts recovered are believed to be fertility totems.
The Hindu Kama Sutra, for example, is an ancient text that discusses
desire, pleasure and love, and includes instructions on how to have sex. It
includes instructions on how to have sex. The Muslim Koran, Jewish
Torah, and Christian bible include advice, rules and stories about sex.
There are cultures that place great emphasis on a woman's virginity before
marriage, especially in Japan and the Middle East.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
The macro sexological system refers to broader systems
that influence without the individual necessarily having
direct contact with them: culture, social norms, attitudes
and beliefs, and laws. Examples:
The way sex as a business is regulated (Legal in some places, but not in
others).
The historical oppression of the LGBTIQ+ community.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Social interactions are among the first experiences that shape our perceptions of
gender and sex.
When we tell a boy or girl that a particular color or toy is for boys or girls, it's a
message that lingers. These are gender stereotypes that begin to have an effect
on the way we define these concepts.
It is important to recognize that we adults have already been influenced in many
ways and have much to unlearn in order to learn.
The interaction between the child and parents, teachers, relatives, the media,
among others, are key to their development.
The Role of Social Interactions
The decision to become a mother/father
o Reproducing is a complex decision and is not always planned. Some
cultures place a high value on the ability to reproduce and others do
not. The pressure to reproduce is part of the message we receive from
social and psychological influences, in addition to biological ones.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Abortion
o This is a controversial topic in constant public debate. When it is discussed, it must be done in an
objective and inclusive manner, as it is not as simple as for or against. There are valid points on both
sides.
• Some of the reasons that have been identified for women to resort to abortion are economic
problems, not wanting children or more children, being in an unstable relationship, being too young
or emotionally immature, having health problems, among others. A 2012 study included over 9,000
women in the United States who were considered to be at high risk for pregnancy in a longitudinal
study. They were provided with different contraceptive methods. The results were that there were
far fewer teenage pregnancies and abortions over the 3 years of the study. This study supports
what has been proposed by many human rights groups, that the availability of contraceptive
methods and sex education can have an effect of reducing abortions and unwanted pregnancies.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
LGBTQI+ Community
Sexual orientation can take many forms and should be studied in terms of attraction,
behavior and identity.
Although most studies of non-heterosexual orientation focus on homosexuality or
bisexuality, there are different sexualities. Consider the following additional categories,
such as pansexuality and asexuality. Same-sex couples' express satisfaction and
commitment as do heterosexual couples, but there is evidence of a greater tendency to
break up. But it is important to interpret this finding with the knowledge that non-
heterosexual couples have less social support, have been marginalized, and do not
have the same right to marriage in some countries as heterosexual couples.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Monogamy, No monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, polygyny
The commitment to be with one person or more is a conscious decision but influenced by various social forces.
Love is not directly related to sexual fidelity or monogamy; such ideas are reinforced by culture, and other social
and psychological factors.
o Some examples of consensual non-monogamy:
o Monogamy: the commitment of emotional and sexual fidelity to one person.
• No-monogamy:
Open relationships-They are together but have the ability to have other intimate relationships.
"Swinging"- A sexual practice in which married couples exchange partners for a short time.
Polyamory- The practice of having multiple emotional and/or sexual partners simultaneously. The
difference is that it does not occur only in marriage and the emphasis is not purely sexual, more on
intimate relationships.
• Polygamy- A type of marriage in which one has multiple husbands or wives. Polygamy has been found
to be permitted in approximately 84% of human cultures. Although it is permitted, it is rare.
• Polyandry- A woman has multiple husbands/Polygyny- A man has multiple wives.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Myths and Realities
Myth Reality
Sex manuals originated in
modern times.
In Chinese culture, one of the first sexual manuals is known,
approximately 200 years BC. This manual discusses how the
male should extend the time of intercourse as long as
possible in order to absorb more of his wife's natural
essence (yin) to increase his masculine essence (yang).
Importance was given to the female orgasm and the role of
the male in helping the woman to achieve it.
In the history of mankind,
homosexual sex has always
been rejected.
In ancient Greece, the Greeks believed that people were
equally capable of sexual activity between a man and
woman, or between a man and another man. In addition,
Reflection: Your Macro Sexual System
Think about the attitudes toward sex in your culture and how they have
affected your development.
o What are your attitudes about how people of either gender are supposed to act in
a sexual relationship?
o What are your beliefs about the place of sexuality in a person's life?
o How does culture impact the type of sex education offered to minors? Think about
the most popular movies for infants and children. How many gender and sex
stereotypes are present in those movies?
o Do you think most sex differences in attitudes and personality are a function of
biological differences between males and females or the result of different social
interactions and expectations?
.
One module is not enough to explore all the different areas of sexuality that are
affected by social customs and psychological factors. Some of the major related
issues were discussed, taking into consideration current topics of discussion. The
student is encouraged to continue reading and learning about these topics
through the pursuit of academic resources.
This third module is aimed at exploring the ways in which social programming
influences our sexual behavior and the way we perceive sexuality.
Summary
Recommended resources
American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/
Crowell, C., Mosley, D. V., & Stevens-Watkins, D. (2017). Studying Sex: A Content Analysis of Sexuality Research in
Counseling Psychology. The Counseling psychologist, 45(4), 528–546.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576496/
Hussein, J., & Ferguson, L. (2019). Eliminating stigma and discrimination in sexual and reproductive health care: a
public health imperative. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 27(3), 1–5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7887974/
Makleff, S., Wilkins, R., Wachsmann, H., Gupta, D., Wachira, M., Bunde, W., Radhakrishnan, U., Cislaghi, B., & Baum, S.
E. (2019). Exploring stigma and social norms in women's abortion experiences and their expectations of
care. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 27(3), 1661753.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7887901/
Papalia, D. E. & Feldman, R. D. (2012). Desarrollo humano (12a ed.). México, D. F.: McGraw- Hill Education.
Paris, J., Ricardo, A., & Rymond, D. (2019). Child Growth and Development. College of the Canyons.
References
Consultation text (Suggested)
Dodd, S. (2020). Sex-positive social work. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Lehmiller, J. J. (2017). The Psychology of Human Sexuality. Second edition. Chichester: John Wiley &
Sons.
Links to publications and/or articles on the Web:
Lucas, D. & Fox, J. (2021). The psychology of human sexuality. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener
(Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. http://noba.to/9gsqhd6v
Potki, R., Ziaei, T., Faramarzi, M., Moosazadeh, M., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2017). Bio-psycho-social factors
affecting sexual self-concept: A systematic review. Electronic physician, 9(9), 5172–5178.
https://doi.org/10.19082/5172
Britannica. (2020). Social and Cultural Aspects. In Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-
sexual-activity/Social-and-cultural-aspects
Vázquez, S. (2021). Módulo 3: Dimensión psicológica y social de la sexualidad. [Diapositivas de
PowerPoint]. Universidad Ana G. Méndez Recinto Online. Seminario de Sexualidad Humana.
Blackboard. http://uagm.blackboard.com
References
**## HSmodule3class.pdf**
Module 3
Psychological and Social
Dimension of Sexuality
PSYC 360 Human Sexuality Seminar
Objectives
At the end of the module the student will:
Distinguish between social and psychological
factors that influence sexual behavior.
To relate the sexual development of the individual to
the social programming we receive, and the multiple
stimuli that are present in the different stages.
Reflect for a moment on the messages we receive on a daily basis related to
sexuality.
What examples come to mind? Perhaps you saw an advertisement, read a joke, or
heard a sexual comment. Perhaps you are thinking about sexual issues right now as
you read this paragraph and associating it with some personal experience. This
example reiterates that the topic of human sexuality is present in many of the stimuli
and messages we are exposed to from different sources or reasons.
This module begins to delve deeper into the topic of human sexuality and how it
relates to psychology through a look at social influences, our psychological
interpretation and its influence on behavior.
Introduction
Social factors are factors that affect thinking or behavior in social contexts or
that affect self-concept vis-à-vis other individuals or groups.
Psychological factors are functional, as opposed to biological, factors that
contribute to personality development, maintenance of health and well-being,
and the etiology of mental and behavioral disorders.
Examples of psychological factors include the nature of important
relationships in childhood and adulthood, the experience of reassurance or
stress in social settings (e.g., school, work), and the experience of trauma.
Social and Psychological
Culture refers to the specific customs, values, beliefs, knowledge,
art and language of a society or community. These values and
concepts are passed from generation to generation and are the
basis for everyday behaviors and practices.
What Is Culture According to Psychology?
What Is Culture According to
Psychology?
CultureBeliefs
Customs
Values
Knowledge
Language
In Western culture, the emphasis of sex education has been mainly
on reproduction until the 1980's, and the clitoris (pleasure-only
organ) was not discussed.
Some Caribbean cultures view sex as taboo and little is said about
sexuality. Religion and patriarchal society have been associated
with such attitudes.
Social programming about human sexuality is related to race,
culture, ethnicity and gender.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Some of the oldest artifacts recovered are believed to be fertility totems.
The Hindu Kama Sutra, for example, is an ancient text that discusses
desire, pleasure and love, and includes instructions on how to have sex.
It includes instructions on how to have sex. The Muslim Koran, Jewish
Torah and Christian bible include advice, rules and stories about sex.
There are cultures that place great emphasis on a woman's virginity
before marriage, especially in Japan and the Middle East.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Some of the oldest artifacts recovered are believed to be fertility totems.
The Hindu Kama Sutra, for example, is an ancient text that discusses
desire, pleasure and love, and includes instructions on how to have sex. It
includes instructions on how to have sex. The Muslim Koran, Jewish
Torah, and Christian bible include advice, rules and stories about sex.
There are cultures that place great emphasis on a woman's virginity before
marriage, especially in Japan and the Middle East.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
The macro sexological system refers to broader systems
that influence without the individual necessarily having
direct contact with them: culture, social norms, attitudes
and beliefs, and laws. Examples:
The way sex as a business is regulated (Legal in some places, but not in
others).
The historical oppression of the LGBTIQ+ community.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Social interactions are among the first experiences that shape our perceptions of
gender and sex.
When we tell a boy or girl that a particular color or toy is for boys or girls, it's a
message that lingers. These are gender stereotypes that begin to have an effect
on the way we define these concepts.
It is important to recognize that we adults have already been influenced in many
ways and have much to unlearn in order to learn.
The interaction between the child and parents, teachers, relatives, the media,
among others, are key to their development.
The Role of Social Interactions
The decision to become a mother/father
o Reproducing is a complex decision and is not always planned. Some
cultures place a high value on the ability to reproduce and others do
not. The pressure to reproduce is part of the message we receive from
social and psychological influences, in addition to biological ones.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Abortion
o This is a controversial topic in constant public debate. When it is discussed, it must be done in an
objective and inclusive manner, as it is not as simple as for or against. There are valid points on both
sides.
• Some of the reasons that have been identified for women to resort to abortion are economic
problems, not wanting children or more children, being in an unstable relationship, being too young
or emotionally immature, having health problems, among others. A 2012 study included over 9,000
women in the United States who were considered to be at high risk for pregnancy in a longitudinal
study. They were provided with different contraceptive methods. The results were that there were
far fewer teenage pregnancies and abortions over the 3 years of the study. This study supports
what has been proposed by many human rights groups, that the availability of contraceptive
methods and sex education can have an effect of reducing abortions and unwanted pregnancies.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
LGBTQI+ Community
Sexual orientation can take many forms and should be studied in terms of attraction,
behavior and identity.
Although most studies of non-heterosexual orientation focus on homosexuality or
bisexuality, there are different sexualities. Consider the following additional categories,
such as pansexuality and asexuality. Same-sex couples' express satisfaction and
commitment as do heterosexual couples, but there is evidence of a greater tendency to
break up. But it is important to interpret this finding with the knowledge that non-
heterosexual couples have less social support, have been marginalized, and do not
have the same right to marriage in some countries as heterosexual couples.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Monogamy, No monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, polygyny
The commitment to be with one person or more is a conscious decision but influenced by various social forces.
Love is not directly related to sexual fidelity or monogamy; such ideas are reinforced by culture, and other social
and psychological factors.
o Some examples of consensual non-monogamy:
o Monogamy: the commitment of emotional and sexual fidelity to one person.
• No-monogamy:
Open relationships-They are together but have the ability to have other intimate relationships.
"Swinging"- A sexual practice in which married couples exchange partners for a short time.
Polyamory- The practice of having multiple emotional and/or sexual partners simultaneously. The
difference is that it does not occur only in marriage and the emphasis is not purely sexual, more on
intimate relationships.
• Polygamy- A type of marriage in which one has multiple husbands or wives. Polygamy has been found
to be permitted in approximately 84% of human cultures. Although it is permitted, it is rare.
• Polyandry- A woman has multiple husbands/Polygyny- A man has multiple wives.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Myths and Realities
Myth Reality
Sex manuals originated in
modern times.
In Chinese culture, one of the first sexual manuals is known,
approximately 200 years BC. This manual discusses how the
male should extend the time of intercourse as long as
possible in order to absorb more of his wife's natural
essence (yin) to increase his masculine essence (yang).
Importance was given to the female orgasm and the role of
the male in helping the woman to achieve it.
In the history of mankind,
homosexual sex has always
been rejected.
In ancient Greece, the Greeks believed that people were
equally capable of sexual activity between a man and
woman, or between a man and another man. In addition,
Reflection: Your Macro Sexual System
Think about the attitudes toward sex in your culture and how they have
affected your development.
o What are your attitudes about how people of either gender are supposed to act in
a sexual relationship?
o What are your beliefs about the place of sexuality in a person's life?
o How does culture impact the type of sex education offered to minors? Think about
the most popular movies for infants and children. How many gender and sex
stereotypes are present in those movies?
o Do you think most sex differences in attitudes and personality are a function of
biological differences between males and females or the result of different social
interactions and expectations?
.
One module is not enough to explore all the different areas of sexuality that are
affected by social customs and psychological factors. Some of the major related
issues were discussed, taking into consideration current topics of discussion. The
student is encouraged to continue reading and learning about these topics
through the pursuit of academic resources.
This third module is aimed at exploring the ways in which social programming
influences our sexual behavior and the way we perceive sexuality.
Summary
Recommended resources
American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/
Crowell, C., Mosley, D. V., & Stevens-Watkins, D. (2017). Studying Sex: A Content Analysis of Sexuality Research in
Counseling Psychology. The Counseling psychologist, 45(4), 528–546.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576496/
Hussein, J., & Ferguson, L. (2019). Eliminating stigma and discrimination in sexual and reproductive health care: a
public health imperative. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 27(3), 1–5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7887974/
Makleff, S., Wilkins, R., Wachsmann, H., Gupta, D., Wachira, M., Bunde, W., Radhakrishnan, U., Cislaghi, B., & Baum, S.
E. (2019). Exploring stigma and social norms in women's abortion experiences and their expectations of
care. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 27(3), 1661753.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7887901/
Papalia, D. E. & Feldman, R. D. (2012). Desarrollo humano (12a ed.). México, D. F.: McGraw- Hill Education.
Paris, J., Ricardo, A., & Rymond, D. (2019). Child Growth and Development. College of the Canyons.
References
Consultation text (Suggested)
Dodd, S. (2020). Sex-positive social work. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Lehmiller, J. J. (2017). The Psychology of Human Sexuality. Second edition. Chichester: John Wiley &
Sons.
Links to publications and/or articles on the Web:
Lucas, D. & Fox, J. (2021). The psychology of human sexuality. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener
(Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. http://noba.to/9gsqhd6v
Potki, R., Ziaei, T., Faramarzi, M., Moosazadeh, M., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2017). Bio-psycho-social factors
affecting sexual self-concept: A systematic review. Electronic physician, 9(9), 5172–5178.
https://doi.org/10.19082/5172
Britannica. (2020). Social and Cultural Aspects. In Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-
sexual-activity/Social-and-cultural-aspects
Vázquez, S. (2021). Módulo 3: Dimensión psicológica y social de la sexualidad. [Diapositivas de
PowerPoint]. Universidad Ana G. Méndez Recinto Online. Seminario de Sexualidad Humana.
Blackboard. http://uagm.blackboard.com
References
**## HSmodule3Interview.docx**
**_Interview_**
**Instructions**
1. 1. Review the discussion material for this module and additional references. Review the previous modules and the topics discussed in the course so far.
2. This activity consists of interviewing a person who works in an area related to the topics or study of human sexuality.
3. Some suggestions of individuals to choose from:
A. Sexologist/Forensic sexologist.
B. Psychologist, psychiatrist, counselor, social worker, or other specialty in the discipline of mental health and behavior.
C. Doctor of medicine (pediatrician, internist, surgeon, etc.).
D. University professor with a specialty related to sexuality.
E. Researcher who has completed scientific research on a topic related to human sexuality.
F. Salesperson of sex act products (only those directed at adults that do not include illegal sexual acts).
G. Police or investigator who specializes in sex crimes or related experience h. Student at the master's level (only those directed at adults that do not include illegal sex acts) Salesperson of sex act products (only those directed to adults that do not include illegal sexual acts).
H. Police or investigator specializing in sex crimes or with related experience.
I. Master's or doctoral level student in areas related to human sexology.
J. Criminal attorney who has handled sex crime cases
K. Employee of a government agency or public corporation involved in services to victims or victimizers of sex crimes.
*If you do not have access to any of these options, consult with the course instructor to consider other alternatives.
4. You should prepare a minimum of 10 guiding questions to include in your interview. These questions should be
**open-ended questions that relate to the topics in modules 1-3. You may include questions related to what you have learned in previous modules, as long as it relates to the main topic of the course.** Other questions will arise during your discussion based on the answers to your guiding questions. Questions should be related to the topics of human sexuality, anatomy as it relates to sexuality, social programming, influences, their relationship, and any other related topics based on the professional's specialty. You are encouraged to be creative, respectful and take the opportunity to have a professional conversation.
5. If possible and if the person agrees, you can record the audio of your interview. Be sure to ask permission to do so and that the person agrees in writing and on the audio. If this is not possible, take careful notes during your interview. The interview can be virtual (remote) using an application such as Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Google Meet, Skype, etc.
6. Write a report including information about the interviewee and his or her credentials. Include your guiding questions, the answers, major themes that emerged in the interview, and what you learned from the experience (information you did not know, positive/negative aspects, etc.). That report is due in activity section #1.
7. Your teacher will indicate the due date for this assignment.
Contribute a minimum of 4 -2 pages. It should include at least 2 academic sources, formatted and cited in APA.
Be sure to review the
[academic expectations](https://agmu.instructure.com/courses/1876/pages/expectations-and-best-practices-for-assignments) for your submission.
**Submission Instructions:**
· Submit your assignment by 11:59 PM Eastern on Sunday.
· Review the rubric to determine how your assignment will be graded.
· Your assignment will be run through Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
**## HSmodule3class.pdf**
Module 3
Psychological and Social
Dimension of Sexuality
PSYC 360 Human Sexuality Seminar
Objectives
At the end of the module the student will:
Distinguish between social and psychological
factors that influence sexual behavior.
To relate the sexual development of the individual to
the social programming we receive, and the multiple
stimuli that are present in the different stages.
Reflect for a moment on the messages we receive on a daily basis related to
sexuality.
What examples come to mind? Perhaps you saw an advertisement, read a joke, or
heard a sexual comment. Perhaps you are thinking about sexual issues right now as
you read this paragraph and associating it with some personal experience. This
example reiterates that the topic of human sexuality is present in many of the stimuli
and messages we are exposed to from different sources or reasons.
This module begins to delve deeper into the topic of human sexuality and how it
relates to psychology through a look at social influences, our psychological
interpretation and its influence on behavior.
Introduction
Social factors are factors that affect thinking or behavior in social contexts or
that affect self-concept vis-à-vis other individuals or groups.
Psychological factors are functional, as opposed to biological, factors that
contribute to personality development, maintenance of health and well-being,
and the etiology of mental and behavioral disorders.
Examples of psychological factors include the nature of important
relationships in childhood and adulthood, the experience of reassurance or
stress in social settings (e.g., school, work), and the experience of trauma.
Social and Psychological
Culture refers to the specific customs, values, beliefs, knowledge,
art and language of a society or community. These values and
concepts are passed from generation to generation and are the
basis for everyday behaviors and practices.
What Is Culture According to Psychology?
What Is Culture According to
Psychology?
CultureBeliefs
Customs
Values
Knowledge
Language
In Western culture, the emphasis of sex education has been mainly
on reproduction until the 1980's, and the clitoris (pleasure-only
organ) was not discussed.
Some Caribbean cultures view sex as taboo and little is said about
sexuality. Religion and patriarchal society have been associated
with such attitudes.
Social programming about human sexuality is related to race,
culture, ethnicity and gender.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Some of the oldest artifacts recovered are believed to be fertility totems.
The Hindu Kama Sutra, for example, is an ancient text that discusses
desire, pleasure and love, and includes instructions on how to have sex.
It includes instructions on how to have sex. The Muslim Koran, Jewish
Torah and Christian bible include advice, rules and stories about sex.
There are cultures that place great emphasis on a woman's virginity
before marriage, especially in Japan and the Middle East.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Some of the oldest artifacts recovered are believed to be fertility totems.
The Hindu Kama Sutra, for example, is an ancient text that discusses
desire, pleasure and love, and includes instructions on how to have sex. It
includes instructions on how to have sex. The Muslim Koran, Jewish
Torah, and Christian bible include advice, rules and stories about sex.
There are cultures that place great emphasis on a woman's virginity before
marriage, especially in Japan and the Middle East.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
The macro sexological system refers to broader systems
that influence without the individual necessarily having
direct contact with them: culture, social norms, attitudes
and beliefs, and laws. Examples:
The way sex as a business is regulated (Legal in some places, but not in
others).
The historical oppression of the LGBTIQ+ community.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Social interactions are among the first experiences that shape our perceptions of
gender and sex.
When we tell a boy or girl that a particular color or toy is for boys or girls, it's a
message that lingers. These are gender stereotypes that begin to have an effect
on the way we define these concepts.
It is important to recognize that we adults have already been influenced in many
ways and have much to unlearn in order to learn.
The interaction between the child and parents, teachers, relatives, the media,
among others, are key to their development.
The Role of Social Interactions
The decision to become a mother/father
o Reproducing is a complex decision and is not always planned. Some
cultures place a high value on the ability to reproduce and others do
not. The pressure to reproduce is part of the message we receive from
social and psychological influences, in addition to biological ones.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Abortion
o This is a controversial topic in constant public debate. When it is discussed, it must be done in an
objective and inclusive manner, as it is not as simple as for or against. There are valid points on both
sides.
• Some of the reasons that have been identified for women to resort to abortion are economic
problems, not wanting children or more children, being in an unstable relationship, being too young
or emotionally immature, having health problems, among others. A 2012 study included over 9,000
women in the United States who were considered to be at high risk for pregnancy in a longitudinal
study. They were provided with different contraceptive methods. The results were that there were
far fewer teenage pregnancies and abortions over the 3 years of the study. This study supports
what has been proposed by many human rights groups, that the availability of contraceptive
methods and sex education can have an effect of reducing abortions and unwanted pregnancies.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
LGBTQI+ Community
Sexual orientation can take many forms and should be studied in terms of attraction,
behavior and identity.
Although most studies of non-heterosexual orientation focus on homosexuality or
bisexuality, there are different sexualities. Consider the following additional categories,
such as pansexuality and asexuality. Same-sex couples' express satisfaction and
commitment as do heterosexual couples, but there is evidence of a greater tendency to
break up. But it is important to interpret this finding with the knowledge that non-
heterosexual couples have less social support, have been marginalized, and do not
have the same right to marriage in some countries as heterosexual couples.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Monogamy, No monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, polygyny
The commitment to be with one person or more is a conscious decision but influenced by various social forces.
Love is not directly related to sexual fidelity or monogamy; such ideas are reinforced by culture, and other social
and psychological factors.
o Some examples of consensual non-monogamy:
o Monogamy: the commitment of emotional and sexual fidelity to one person.
• No-monogamy:
Open relationships-They are together but have the ability to have other intimate relationships.
"Swinging"- A sexual practice in which married couples exchange partners for a short time.
Polyamory- The practice of having multiple emotional and/or sexual partners simultaneously. The
difference is that it does not occur only in marriage and the emphasis is not purely sexual, more on
intimate relationships.
• Polygamy- A type of marriage in which one has multiple husbands or wives. Polygamy has been found
to be permitted in approximately 84% of human cultures. Although it is permitted, it is rare.
• Polyandry- A woman has multiple husbands/Polygyny- A man has multiple wives.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Myths and Realities
Myth Reality
Sex manuals originated in
modern times.
In Chinese culture, one of the first sexual manuals is known,
approximately 200 years BC. This manual discusses how the
male should extend the time of intercourse as long as
possible in order to absorb more of his wife's natural
essence (yin) to increase his masculine essence (yang).
Importance was given to the female orgasm and the role of
the male in helping the woman to achieve it.
In the history of mankind,
homosexual sex has always
been rejected.
In ancient Greece, the Greeks believed that people were
equally capable of sexual activity between a man and
woman, or between a man and another man. In addition,
Reflection: Your Macro Sexual System
Think about the attitudes toward sex in your culture and how they have
affected your development.
o What are your attitudes about how people of either gender are supposed to act in
a sexual relationship?
o What are your beliefs about the place of sexuality in a person's life?
o How does culture impact the type of sex education offered to minors? Think about
the most popular movies for infants and children. How many gender and sex
stereotypes are present in those movies?
o Do you think most sex differences in attitudes and personality are a function of
biological differences between males and females or the result of different social
interactions and expectations?
.
One module is not enough to explore all the different areas of sexuality that are
affected by social customs and psychological factors. Some of the major related
issues were discussed, taking into consideration current topics of discussion. The
student is encouraged to continue reading and learning about these topics
through the pursuit of academic resources.
This third module is aimed at exploring the ways in which social programming
influences our sexual behavior and the way we perceive sexuality.
Summary
Recommended resources
American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/
Crowell, C., Mosley, D. V., & Stevens-Watkins, D. (2017). Studying Sex: A Content Analysis of Sexuality Research in
Counseling Psychology. The Counseling psychologist, 45(4), 528–546.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576496/
Hussein, J., & Ferguson, L. (2019). Eliminating stigma and discrimination in sexual and reproductive health care: a
public health imperative. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 27(3), 1–5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7887974/
Makleff, S., Wilkins, R., Wachsmann, H., Gupta, D., Wachira, M., Bunde, W., Radhakrishnan, U., Cislaghi, B., & Baum, S.
E. (2019). Exploring stigma and social norms in women's abortion experiences and their expectations of
care. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 27(3), 1661753.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7887901/
Papalia, D. E. & Feldman, R. D. (2012). Desarrollo humano (12a ed.). México, D. F.: McGraw- Hill Education.
Paris, J., Ricardo, A., & Rymond, D. (2019). Child Growth and Development. College of the Canyons.
References
Consultation text (Suggested)
Dodd, S. (2020). Sex-positive social work. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Lehmiller, J. J. (2017). The Psychology of Human Sexuality. Second edition. Chichester: John Wiley &
Sons.
Links to publications and/or articles on the Web:
Lucas, D. & Fox, J. (2021). The psychology of human sexuality. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener
(Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. http://noba.to/9gsqhd6v
Potki, R., Ziaei, T., Faramarzi, M., Moosazadeh, M., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2017). Bio-psycho-social factors
affecting sexual self-concept: A systematic review. Electronic physician, 9(9), 5172–5178.
https://doi.org/10.19082/5172
Britannica. (2020). Social and Cultural Aspects. In Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-
sexual-activity/Social-and-cultural-aspects
Vázquez, S. (2021). Módulo 3: Dimensión psicológica y social de la sexualidad. [Diapositivas de
PowerPoint]. Universidad Ana G. Méndez Recinto Online. Seminario de Sexualidad Humana.
Blackboard. http://uagm.blackboard.com
References
**## HSmodule3Interview.docx**
**_Interview_**
**Instructions**
1. 1. Review the discussion material for this module and additional references. Review the previous modules and the topics discussed in the course so far.
2. This activity consists of interviewing a person who works in an area related to the topics or study of human sexuality.
3. Some suggestions of individuals to choose from:
A. Sexologist/Forensic sexologist.
B. Psychologist, psychiatrist, counselor, social worker, or other specialty in the discipline of mental health and behavior.
C. Doctor of medicine (pediatrician, internist, surgeon, etc.).
D. University professor with a specialty related to sexuality.
E. Researcher who has completed scientific research on a topic related to human sexuality.
F. Salesperson of sex act products (only those directed at adults that do not include illegal sexual acts).
G. Police or investigator who specializes in sex crimes or related experience h. Student at the master's level (only those directed at adults that do not include illegal sex acts) Salesperson of sex act products (only those directed to adults that do not include illegal sexual acts).
H. Police or investigator specializing in sex crimes or with related experience.
I. Master's or doctoral level student in areas related to human sexology.
J. Criminal attorney who has handled sex crime cases
K. Employee of a government agency or public corporation involved in services to victims or victimizers of sex crimes.
*If you do not have access to any of these options, consult with the course instructor to consider other alternatives.
4. You should prepare a minimum of 10 guiding questions to include in your interview. These questions should be
**open-ended questions that relate to the topics in modules 1-3. You may include questions related to what you have learned in previous modules, as long as it relates to the main topic of the course.** Other questions will arise during your discussion based on the answers to your guiding questions. Questions should be related to the topics of human sexuality, anatomy as it relates to sexuality, social programming, influences, their relationship, and any other related topics based on the professional's specialty. You are encouraged to be creative, respectful and take the opportunity to have a professional conversation.
5. If possible and if the person agrees, you can record the audio of your interview. Be sure to ask permission to do so and that the person agrees in writing and on the audio. If this is not possible, take careful notes during your interview. The interview can be virtual (remote) using an application such as Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Google Meet, Skype, etc.
6. Write a report including information about the interviewee and his or her credentials. Include your guiding questions, the answers, major themes that emerged in the interview, and what you learned from the experience (information you did not know, positive/negative aspects, etc.). That report is due in activity section #1.
7. Your teacher will indicate the due date for this assignment.
Contribute a minimum of 4 -2 pages. It should include at least 2 academic sources, formatted and cited in APA.
Be sure to review the
[academic expectations](https://agmu.instructure.com/courses/1876/pages/expectations-and-best-practices-for-assignments) for your submission.
**Submission Instructions:**
· Submit your assignment by 11:59 PM Eastern on Sunday.
· Review the rubric to determine how your assignment will be graded.
· Your assignment will be run through Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
**## HSmodule3class.pdf**
Module 3
Psychological and Social
Dimension of Sexuality
PSYC 360 Human Sexuality Seminar
Objectives
At the end of the module the student will:
Distinguish between social and psychological
factors that influence sexual behavior.
To relate the sexual development of the individual to
the social programming we receive, and the multiple
stimuli that are present in the different stages.
Reflect for a moment on the messages we receive on a daily basis related to
sexuality.
What examples come to mind? Perhaps you saw an advertisement, read a joke, or
heard a sexual comment. Perhaps you are thinking about sexual issues right now as
you read this paragraph and associating it with some personal experience. This
example reiterates that the topic of human sexuality is present in many of the stimuli
and messages we are exposed to from different sources or reasons.
This module begins to delve deeper into the topic of human sexuality and how it
relates to psychology through a look at social influences, our psychological
interpretation and its influence on behavior.
Introduction
Social factors are factors that affect thinking or behavior in social contexts or
that affect self-concept vis-à-vis other individuals or groups.
Psychological factors are functional, as opposed to biological, factors that
contribute to personality development, maintenance of health and well-being,
and the etiology of mental and behavioral disorders.
Examples of psychological factors include the nature of important
relationships in childhood and adulthood, the experience of reassurance or
stress in social settings (e.g., school, work), and the experience of trauma.
Social and Psychological
Culture refers to the specific customs, values, beliefs, knowledge,
art and language of a society or community. These values and
concepts are passed from generation to generation and are the
basis for everyday behaviors and practices.
What Is Culture According to Psychology?
What Is Culture According to
Psychology?
CultureBeliefs
Customs
Values
Knowledge
Language
In Western culture, the emphasis of sex education has been mainly
on reproduction until the 1980's, and the clitoris (pleasure-only
organ) was not discussed.
Some Caribbean cultures view sex as taboo and little is said about
sexuality. Religion and patriarchal society have been associated
with such attitudes.
Social programming about human sexuality is related to race,
culture, ethnicity and gender.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Some of the oldest artifacts recovered are believed to be fertility totems.
The Hindu Kama Sutra, for example, is an ancient text that discusses
desire, pleasure and love, and includes instructions on how to have sex.
It includes instructions on how to have sex. The Muslim Koran, Jewish
Torah and Christian bible include advice, rules and stories about sex.
There are cultures that place great emphasis on a woman's virginity
before marriage, especially in Japan and the Middle East.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Some of the oldest artifacts recovered are believed to be fertility totems.
The Hindu Kama Sutra, for example, is an ancient text that discusses
desire, pleasure and love, and includes instructions on how to have sex. It
includes instructions on how to have sex. The Muslim Koran, Jewish
Torah, and Christian bible include advice, rules and stories about sex.
There are cultures that place great emphasis on a woman's virginity before
marriage, especially in Japan and the Middle East.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
The macro sexological system refers to broader systems
that influence without the individual necessarily having
direct contact with them: culture, social norms, attitudes
and beliefs, and laws. Examples:
The way sex as a business is regulated (Legal in some places, but not in
others).
The historical oppression of the LGBTIQ+ community.
How Does Culture Influence Sexuality?
Social interactions are among the first experiences that shape our perceptions of
gender and sex.
When we tell a boy or girl that a particular color or toy is for boys or girls, it's a
message that lingers. These are gender stereotypes that begin to have an effect
on the way we define these concepts.
It is important to recognize that we adults have already been influenced in many
ways and have much to unlearn in order to learn.
The interaction between the child and parents, teachers, relatives, the media,
among others, are key to their development.
The Role of Social Interactions
The decision to become a mother/father
o Reproducing is a complex decision and is not always planned. Some
cultures place a high value on the ability to reproduce and others do
not. The pressure to reproduce is part of the message we receive from
social and psychological influences, in addition to biological ones.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Abortion
o This is a controversial topic in constant public debate. When it is discussed, it must be done in an
objective and inclusive manner, as it is not as simple as for or against. There are valid points on both
sides.
• Some of the reasons that have been identified for women to resort to abortion are economic
problems, not wanting children or more children, being in an unstable relationship, being too young
or emotionally immature, having health problems, among others. A 2012 study included over 9,000
women in the United States who were considered to be at high risk for pregnancy in a longitudinal
study. They were provided with different contraceptive methods. The results were that there were
far fewer teenage pregnancies and abortions over the 3 years of the study. This study supports
what has been proposed by many human rights groups, that the availability of contraceptive
methods and sex education can have an effect of reducing abortions and unwanted pregnancies.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
LGBTQI+ Community
Sexual orientation can take many forms and should be studied in terms of attraction,
behavior and identity.
Although most studies of non-heterosexual orientation focus on homosexuality or
bisexuality, there are different sexualities. Consider the following additional categories,
such as pansexuality and asexuality. Same-sex couples' express satisfaction and
commitment as do heterosexual couples, but there is evidence of a greater tendency to
break up. But it is important to interpret this finding with the knowledge that non-
heterosexual couples have less social support, have been marginalized, and do not
have the same right to marriage in some countries as heterosexual couples.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Monogamy, No monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, polygyny
The commitment to be with one person or more is a conscious decision but influenced by various social forces.
Love is not directly related to sexual fidelity or monogamy; such ideas are reinforced by culture, and other social
and psychological factors.
o Some examples of consensual non-monogamy:
o Monogamy: the commitment of emotional and sexual fidelity to one person.
• No-monogamy:
Open relationships-They are together but have the ability to have other intimate relationships.
"Swinging"- A sexual practice in which married couples exchange partners for a short time.
Polyamory- The practice of having multiple emotional and/or sexual partners simultaneously. The
difference is that it does not occur only in marriage and the emphasis is not purely sexual, more on
intimate relationships.
• Polygamy- A type of marriage in which one has multiple husbands or wives. Polygamy has been found
to be permitted in approximately 84% of human cultures. Although it is permitted, it is rare.
• Polyandry- A woman has multiple husbands/Polygyny- A man has multiple wives.
Diversity in Sexual Coexistence
Myths and Realities
Myth Reality
Sex manuals originated in
modern times.
In Chinese culture, one of the first sexual manuals is known,
approximately 200 years BC. This manual discusses how the
male should extend the time of intercourse as long as
possible in order to absorb more of his wife's natural
essence (yin) to increase his masculine essence (yang).
Importance was given to the female orgasm and the role of
the male in helping the woman to achieve it.
In the history of mankind,
homosexual sex has always
been rejected.
In ancient Greece, the Greeks believed that people were
equally capable of sexual activity between a man and
woman, or between a man and another man. In addition,
Reflection: Your Macro Sexual System
Think about the attitudes toward sex in your culture and how they have
affected your development.
o What are your attitudes about how people of either gender are supposed to act in
a sexual relationship?
o What are your beliefs about the place of sexuality in a person's life?
o How does culture impact the type of sex education offered to minors? Think about
the most popular movies for infants and children. How many gender and sex
stereotypes are present in those movies?
o Do you think most sex differences in attitudes and personality are a function of
biological differences between males and females or the result of different social
interactions and expectations?
.
One module is not enough to explore all the different areas of sexuality that are
affected by social customs and psychological factors. Some of the major related
issues were discussed, taking into consideration current topics of discussion. The
student is encouraged to continue reading and learning about these topics
through the pursuit of academic resources.
This third module is aimed at exploring the ways in which social programming
influences our sexual behavior and the way we perceive sexuality.
Summary
Recommended resources
American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/
Crowell, C., Mosley, D. V., & Stevens-Watkins, D. (2017). Studying Sex: A Content Analysis of Sexuality Research in
Counseling Psychology. The Counseling psychologist, 45(4), 528–546.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576496/
Hussein, J., & Ferguson, L. (2019). Eliminating stigma and discrimination in sexual and reproductive health care: a
public health imperative. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 27(3), 1–5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7887974/
Makleff, S., Wilkins, R., Wachsmann, H., Gupta, D., Wachira, M., Bunde, W., Radhakrishnan, U., Cislaghi, B., & Baum, S.
E. (2019). Exploring stigma and social norms in women's abortion experiences and their expectations of
care. Sexual and reproductive health matters, 27(3), 1661753.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7887901/
Papalia, D. E. & Feldman, R. D. (2012). Desarrollo humano (12a ed.). México, D. F.: McGraw- Hill Education.
Paris, J., Ricardo, A., & Rymond, D. (2019). Child Growth and Development. College of the Canyons.
References
Consultation text (Suggested)
Dodd, S. (2020). Sex-positive social work. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Lehmiller, J. J. (2017). The Psychology of Human Sexuality. Second edition. Chichester: John Wiley &
Sons.
Links to publications and/or articles on the Web:
Lucas, D. & Fox, J. (2021). The psychology of human sexuality. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener
(Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. http://noba.to/9gsqhd6v
Potki, R., Ziaei, T., Faramarzi, M., Moosazadeh, M., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2017). Bio-psycho-social factors
affecting sexual self-concept: A systematic review. Electronic physician, 9(9), 5172–5178.
https://doi.org/10.19082/5172
Britannica. (2020). Social and Cultural Aspects. In Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-
sexual-activity/Social-and-cultural-aspects
Vázquez, S. (2021). Módulo 3: Dimensión psicológica y social de la sexualidad. [Diapositivas de
PowerPoint]. Universidad Ana G. Méndez Recinto Online. Seminario de Sexualidad Humana.
Blackboard. http://uagm.blackboard.com
References
– 1
– 2