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    – ## WK8BLOG.docx **## WK8BLOG.docx** The Intersection of Social Determinants of Health on HIT and Patient Outcomes ![A person talking to a doctor AI-generated content may be incorrect.](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/wk-8-blog-resp-20928339) Health literacy is defined by the World Health Orga…

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    – ## WK8BLOG.docx

    **## WK8BLOG.docx**

    The Intersection of Social Determinants of Health on HIT and Patient Outcomes

    ![A person talking to a doctor AI-generated content may be incorrect.](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/wk-8-blog-resp-20928339)

    Health literacy is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as, “the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health” (n.d.). The American Medical Association (AMA) defines health literacy as, “a constellation of skills, including the ability to perform basic reading and numerical tasks required to function in the health care environment” (Baker, 2006). These definitions highlight the importance of health literacy for both healthcare workers and patients.

    Whether it is the ability to fully analyze and interpret a researched study, or to speak to patients in a way that gains their trust and develops their understanding, health literacy directly relates to patient care.

    However, understanding the importance of health literacy does not directly correlate to effective health literacy, so how does health literacy impact patient outcomes? What barriers or social determinants might impact health literacy?

    For this Discussion, reflect on your understanding of health literacy, health information technology, and health economics. Consider the impact of each of these topics and explore how they are related to patient care. You will also recommend strategies to overcome potential barriers as they relate to the topics.

    References:
    Baker, D. W. (2006). The meaning and measure of health literacy.
    _Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21_(8), 878–883. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00540.x

    World Health Organization. (n.d.).
    _Health promotion_. https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/enhanced-wellbeing/seventh-global-conference/health-literacy#:~:text=Health%20Literacy%20has%20been%20defined,promote%20and%20maintain%20good%20health

    Resources

    Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
    Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

    [**WEEKLY RESOURCES**](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/175732/modules/items/6883481)

    [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/175732/pages/week-8-learning-resources?module_item_id=6883481)

    · American Nurses Association. (2015).
    [_Nursing informaticsLinks to an external site._](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1021761&site=eds-live&scope=site&authtype=shib&custid=s6527200) _: Scope and standards of practice_  (2nd ed.).

    · “Standard 5: Implementation” (pp. 73–74)

    · “Standard 5a: Coordination of Activities” (p. 75)

    · “Standard 6: Evaluation” (p. 78)

    · “Standard 11: Communication” (p. 86)

    · “Standard 12: Leadership” (pp. 87–88)

    · “Standard 15: Resource Utilization” (p. 92)

    · Bakken, S., & Dreisbach, C. (2022).
    [Informatics and data science perspective on Future of Nursing 2020–2030: Charting a pathway to health equityLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS002965542200063X).
    _Nursing Outlook, 70_, S77–S87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2022.04.004

    · Cummins, M., Kennedy, R., McBride, S. & Carrington, J. (2021).
    [Policy priorities in nursing informatics: The American Academy of Nursing Informatics and Technology Expert Panel in 2020Links to an external site.](https://access.ovid.com/custom/redirector/index.html?dest=https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&AN=00024665-202103000-00002&D=ovft).
    _CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing_,
    _39_(3), 120–122. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000731

    · Johnson, C. B. (2024).
    [Nurse informaticists’ role in promoting health equityLinks to an external site.](https://access.ovid.com/custom/redirector/index.html?dest=https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&AN=00152193-202405000-00012&D=ovft).
    _Nursing_,
    _54_(5), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0001007640.39208.74

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/175732/pages/week-8-learning-resources?module_item_id=6883481)

    · Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, January 12).
    [_Health equity_ Links to an external site.](https://youtu.be/F8UAanK5WNA?si=7h4swUKKO3cEfJ9X) [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/F8UAanK5WNA?si=7h4swUKKO3cEfJ9X

    · Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing. (2021, November 15).
    [_Nurses are chipping away at the layers of social determinants of health_ Links to an external site.](https://youtu.be/mA1E-Dw0LfU?si=zOr8yOWEgxO_1wK-) [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/mA1E-Dw0LfU?si=zOr8yOWEgxO_1wK-

    [Optional Resources](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/175732/pages/week-8-learning-resources?module_item_id=6883481)

    · Palakshappa, D., Scheerer, M., Semelka, C. T., & Foley, K. L. (2020).
    [Screening for social determinants of health in free and charitable clinics in North CarolinaLinks to an external site.](https://search.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/screening-social-determinants-health-free/docview/2368696004/se-2?accountid=14872).
    _Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 31_ (1), 382–397. doi:10.1353/hpu.2020.0029

    To Prepare

    · Review the Learning Resources associated with the topics: Health Literacy, Health Information Technology (HIT) on Patient Outcomes, and Health Economics.

    · Consider the role of each of these topics in influencing how healthcare is delivered and practiced in your healthcare organization or nursing practice.

    By Day 3 of Week 8

    **Post** a cohesive response that addresses the following:

    · What strategies do you recommend for addressing barriers and challenges associated with social determinants of health in nursing practice? How can nurses effectively use information technologies to support the delivery of equitable care to all patients?

    By Day 6 of Week 8

    **Read** a selection of your colleagues’ blog posts and
    **respond** to
    **at least two** of your colleagues on
    **two different days** by expanding upon their responses or sharing additional or alternative perspectives.

    RESPOND TO THIS DISCUSSION POST

    **Elizabeth N**

    **The Intersection of Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) with Health Information Technology (HIT) and Patient Outcomes.**

    Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) are conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. They include factors like socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood and physical environment, employment, social support networks, and access to healthcare (Chelak & Chakole, 2023). Various social factors influence health and how effectively health information technology (HIT) improves patient care, such as access to technology, health literacy, cultural competence, and economic factors (Rangachari & Thapa, 2025).

    For instance, individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may lack access to the internet or devices needed to use HIT effectively. This can create disparities in health information access and lead to poorer health outcomes for these populations. Moreover, individuals with lower educational attainment may find it difficult to understand health information provided through HIT, potentially resulting in mismanagement of health conditions and lower adherence to treatment plans (Rangachari & Thapa, 2025).

    Cultural differences can also affect how patients interact with HIT. For example, if technology does not consider cultural contexts, it may not be used effectively, which may result in a lack of engagement with health care services and resources, leading to worse health outcomes. Additionally, economic instability can limit patients' ability to afford necessary healthcare services, even if they have access to HIT, leading to delayed care or avoidance of necessary treatments, and negatively impacting health outcomes (Rangachari & Thapa, 2025).

    **Strategies to Address Barriers and Challenges Associated with SDOH in Nursing Practice.**

    Addressing barriers and challenges associated with social determinants of health in nursing practice is crucial for providing holistic patient care. Several strategies that nurses can be implemented to tackle these barriers effectively include comprehensive assessment, interdisciplinary collaboration, patient education, community resource integration, advocacy, policy engagement, and cultural competence (Gagnon et al., 2022).

    Healthcare providers must conduct thorough patient assessments during initial patient intakes that include SDOH factors such as socioeconomic status, education level, housing stability, and access to resources, while utilizing standardized screening tools such as the PRAPARE (Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patients' Assets, Risks, and Experiences) to help identify and understand patients' social needs. Patient education should also be provided and tailored to patients’ backgrounds and literacy levels to empower them in managing their health. For example, the use of plain language, visual aids, materials in multiple languages, and teach-back methods can ensure patients understand their health conditions and treatment plans. Additionally, working collaboratively with other healthcare professionals, such as social workers, nutritionists, and mental health professionals, can help to create a holistic care plan for patients while addressing both medical and social needs (Gagnon et al., 2022).

    As healthcare providers, establishing connections with community organizations and resources is of the utmost importance to assist patients facing social challenges. For instance, as DNP-prepared nurses, we can create a resource directory that includes local food banks, housing assistance, financial counseling, and transportation services, and refer patients to these resources as needed. Additionally, advocating for policies that address systemic barriers related to SDOH can help improve healthcare access for underserved populations. This can be implemented through community and nursing organizations’ engagement that support policy changes and health equity. As healthcare providers, we can also cultivate cultural competence among nursing staff to better understand and respond to the diverse backgrounds of patients through training on cultural sensitivity and the impact of SDOH on health outcomes. This will encourage nurses to approach each patient as an individual and consider their cultural context when providing care (Kreuter et al., 2021).

    Employing these strategies can help address the barriers associated with social determinants of health, enhance patient care and outcomes, and contribute to reducing health disparities within communities.

    **Different Approaches Nurses Can Utilize Information to Support the Delivery of Equitable Care to All Patients.**

    Nurses have a crucial role in leveraging information technologies (IT) to support equitable care delivery to all patients. Several strategies that nurses can employ include the utilization of Electronic Health Records (EHRs), patient portals, communication tools, telehealth services, and health informatics for Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) (Patterson et al., 2019).

    EHRs allow for standardized documentation of patient information, including socioeconomic factors, health history, and social determinants of health (SDOH). Nurses can use EHRs to identify and track health disparities among different patient populations. For example, data analytics can help identify which groups are experiencing poorer outcomes and may require targeted interventions. Moreover, patient portals empower patients by providing access to their health information, lab results, and educational materials. Nurses can use secure messaging systems within patient portals to facilitate communication with patients, address their concerns, and provide health education, especially for patients who may have difficulty accessing care in person (Oruche & Zapolski, 2020).

    Telehealth services are a strategy that increases accessibility and can lower barriers to healthcare for patients in remote or underserved communities. Nurses can utilize telehealth platforms to conduct assessments, follow-ups, and health education sessions. However, when providing telehealth services, nurses should be trained in cultural competence to ensure they are sensitive to the diverse backgrounds of their patients, adapting their communication styles to meet individual needs. Additionally, Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) tools can assist nurses in making evidence-based decisions regarding patient care, analyzing patient outcomes, and adjusting care processes based on real-time data, helping to ensure equitable healthcare delivery (Patterson et al., 2019).

    The intersection of SDOH, HIT, and patient outcomes is complex but crucial for improving healthcare equity. By understanding and addressing the barriers posed by social determinants, healthcare providers can enhance the effectiveness of HIT and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

    **References**

    Chelak, K., & Chakole, S. (2023). The role of social determinants of health in promoting health equality: A narrative review.
    _Cureus, 15_(1), e33425.
    [https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33425Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33425)

    Gagnon, K., Ortiz-Siberón, Á., Patel, N. D., James, R., Hawk, M., Damian, A. J., Beidas, R. (2022). Identifying facilitators, barriers, and strategies to implement social determinants of health screening, referral, and follow-up in the US: A scoping review protocol.
    _JBI Evidence Synthesis, 20_(6), 1568-1577.
    [https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-21-00161Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-21-00161)

    Kreuter, M. W., Thompson, T., McQueen, A., Garg, R. (2021). Addressing social needs in health care settings: Evidence, challenges, and opportunities for public health.
    _Annual Review of Public Health, 42_, 329-344.
    [https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102204Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102204)

    Oruche, U. M., & Zapolski, T. C. B. (2020). The role of nurses in eliminating health disparities and achieving health equity.
    _Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58_(12), 2-4.
    [https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20201112-01Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20201112-01)

    Patterson, B. W., Pulia, M. S., Ravi, S., Hoonakker, P. L. T., Schoofs Hundt, A., Wiegmann, D., Wirkus, E. J., Johnson, S. (2019). Scope and influence of electronic health record-integrated clinical decision support in the emergency department: A systematic review.
    _Annals of Emergency Medicine, 74_(2), 285-296.
    [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.10.034Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.10.034)

    Rangachari, P., & Thapa, A. (2025). Impact of hospital and health system initiatives to address social determinants of health (SDOH) in the United States: A scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature.
    _BMC Health Services Research, 25_, 342.
    [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12494-2Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12494-2)

    ## image1.jpeg

    **## WK8BLOG.docx**

    The Intersection of Social Determinants of Health on HIT and Patient Outcomes

    ![A person talking to a doctor AI-generated content may be incorrect.](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/wk-8-blog-resp-20928339)

    Health literacy is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as, “the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health” (n.d.). The American Medical Association (AMA) defines health literacy as, “a constellation of skills, including the ability to perform basic reading and numerical tasks required to function in the health care environment” (Baker, 2006). These definitions highlight the importance of health literacy for both healthcare workers and patients.

    Whether it is the ability to fully analyze and interpret a researched study, or to speak to patients in a way that gains their trust and develops their understanding, health literacy directly relates to patient care.

    However, understanding the importance of health literacy does not directly correlate to effective health literacy, so how does health literacy impact patient outcomes? What barriers or social determinants might impact health literacy?

    For this Discussion, reflect on your understanding of health literacy, health information technology, and health economics. Consider the impact of each of these topics and explore how they are related to patient care. You will also recommend strategies to overcome potential barriers as they relate to the topics.

    References:
    Baker, D. W. (2006). The meaning and measure of health literacy.
    _Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21_(8), 878–883. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00540.x

    World Health Organization. (n.d.).
    _Health promotion_. https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/enhanced-wellbeing/seventh-global-conference/health-literacy#:~:text=Health%20Literacy%20has%20been%20defined,promote%20and%20maintain%20good%20health

    Resources

    Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
    Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

    [**WEEKLY RESOURCES**](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/175732/modules/items/6883481)

    [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/175732/pages/week-8-learning-resources?module_item_id=6883481)

    · American Nurses Association. (2015).
    [_Nursing informaticsLinks to an external site._](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1021761&site=eds-live&scope=site&authtype=shib&custid=s6527200) _: Scope and standards of practice_  (2nd ed.).

    · “Standard 5: Implementation” (pp. 73–74)

    · “Standard 5a: Coordination of Activities” (p. 75)

    · “Standard 6: Evaluation” (p. 78)

    · “Standard 11: Communication” (p. 86)

    · “Standard 12: Leadership” (pp. 87–88)

    · “Standard 15: Resource Utilization” (p. 92)

    · Bakken, S., & Dreisbach, C. (2022).
    [Informatics and data science perspective on Future of Nursing 2020–2030: Charting a pathway to health equityLinks to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS002965542200063X).
    _Nursing Outlook, 70_, S77–S87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2022.04.004

    · Cummins, M., Kennedy, R., McBride, S. & Carrington, J. (2021).
    [Policy priorities in nursing informatics: The American Academy of Nursing Informatics and Technology Expert Panel in 2020Links to an external site.](https://access.ovid.com/custom/redirector/index.html?dest=https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&AN=00024665-202103000-00002&D=ovft).
    _CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing_,
    _39_(3), 120–122. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000731

    · Johnson, C. B. (2024).
    [Nurse informaticists’ role in promoting health equityLinks to an external site.](https://access.ovid.com/custom/redirector/index.html?dest=https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&AN=00152193-202405000-00012&D=ovft).
    _Nursing_,
    _54_(5), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0001007640.39208.74

    [Required Media](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/175732/pages/week-8-learning-resources?module_item_id=6883481)

    · Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, January 12).
    [_Health equity_ Links to an external site.](https://youtu.be/F8UAanK5WNA?si=7h4swUKKO3cEfJ9X) [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/F8UAanK5WNA?si=7h4swUKKO3cEfJ9X

    · Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing. (2021, November 15).
    [_Nurses are chipping away at the layers of social determinants of health_ Links to an external site.](https://youtu.be/mA1E-Dw0LfU?si=zOr8yOWEgxO_1wK-) [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/mA1E-Dw0LfU?si=zOr8yOWEgxO_1wK-

    [Optional Resources](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/175732/pages/week-8-learning-resources?module_item_id=6883481)

    · Palakshappa, D., Scheerer, M., Semelka, C. T., & Foley, K. L. (2020).
    [Screening for social determinants of health in free and charitable clinics in North CarolinaLinks to an external site.](https://search.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/screening-social-determinants-health-free/docview/2368696004/se-2?accountid=14872).
    _Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 31_ (1), 382–397. doi:10.1353/hpu.2020.0029

    To Prepare

    · Review the Learning Resources associated with the topics: Health Literacy, Health Information Technology (HIT) on Patient Outcomes, and Health Economics.

    · Consider the role of each of these topics in influencing how healthcare is delivered and practiced in your healthcare organization or nursing practice.

    By Day 3 of Week 8

    **Post** a cohesive response that addresses the following:

    · What strategies do you recommend for addressing barriers and challenges associated with social determinants of health in nursing practice? How can nurses effectively use information technologies to support the delivery of equitable care to all patients?

    By Day 6 of Week 8

    **Read** a selection of your colleagues’ blog posts and
    **respond** to
    **at least two** of your colleagues on
    **two different days** by expanding upon their responses or sharing additional or alternative perspectives.

    RESPOND TO THIS DISCUSSION POST

    **Elizabeth N**

    **The Intersection of Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) with Health Information Technology (HIT) and Patient Outcomes.**

    Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) are conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. They include factors like socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood and physical environment, employment, social support networks, and access to healthcare (Chelak & Chakole, 2023). Various social factors influence health and how effectively health information technology (HIT) improves patient care, such as access to technology, health literacy, cultural competence, and economic factors (Rangachari & Thapa, 2025).

    For instance, individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may lack access to the internet or devices needed to use HIT effectively. This can create disparities in health information access and lead to poorer health outcomes for these populations. Moreover, individuals with lower educational attainment may find it difficult to understand health information provided through HIT, potentially resulting in mismanagement of health conditions and lower adherence to treatment plans (Rangachari & Thapa, 2025).

    Cultural differences can also affect how patients interact with HIT. For example, if technology does not consider cultural contexts, it may not be used effectively, which may result in a lack of engagement with health care services and resources, leading to worse health outcomes. Additionally, economic instability can limit patients' ability to afford necessary healthcare services, even if they have access to HIT, leading to delayed care or avoidance of necessary treatments, and negatively impacting health outcomes (Rangachari & Thapa, 2025).

    **Strategies to Address Barriers and Challenges Associated with SDOH in Nursing Practice.**

    Addressing barriers and challenges associated with social determinants of health in nursing practice is crucial for providing holistic patient care. Several strategies that nurses can be implemented to tackle these barriers effectively include comprehensive assessment, interdisciplinary collaboration, patient education, community resource integration, advocacy, policy engagement, and cultural competence (Gagnon et al., 2022).

    Healthcare providers must conduct thorough patient assessments during initial patient intakes that include SDOH factors such as socioeconomic status, education level, housing stability, and access to resources, while utilizing standardized screening tools such as the PRAPARE (Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patients' Assets, Risks, and Experiences) to help identify and understand patients' social needs. Patient education should also be provided and tailored to patients’ backgrounds and literacy levels to empower them in managing their health. For example, the use of plain language, visual aids, materials in multiple languages, and teach-back methods can ensure patients understand their health conditions and treatment plans. Additionally, working collaboratively with other healthcare professionals, such as social workers, nutritionists, and mental health professionals, can help to create a holistic care plan for patients while addressing both medical and social needs (Gagnon et al., 2022).

    As healthcare providers, establishing connections with community organizations and resources is of the utmost importance to assist patients facing social challenges. For instance, as DNP-prepared nurses, we can create a resource directory that includes local food banks, housing assistance, financial counseling, and transportation services, and refer patients to these resources as needed. Additionally, advocating for policies that address systemic barriers related to SDOH can help improve healthcare access for underserved populations. This can be implemented through community and nursing organizations’ engagement that support policy changes and health equity. As healthcare providers, we can also cultivate cultural competence among nursing staff to better understand and respond to the diverse backgrounds of patients through training on cultural sensitivity and the impact of SDOH on health outcomes. This will encourage nurses to approach each patient as an individual and consider their cultural context when providing care (Kreuter et al., 2021).

    Employing these strategies can help address the barriers associated with social determinants of health, enhance patient care and outcomes, and contribute to reducing health disparities within communities.

    **Different Approaches Nurses Can Utilize Information to Support the Delivery of Equitable Care to All Patients.**

    Nurses have a crucial role in leveraging information technologies (IT) to support equitable care delivery to all patients. Several strategies that nurses can employ include the utilization of Electronic Health Records (EHRs), patient portals, communication tools, telehealth services, and health informatics for Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) (Patterson et al., 2019).

    EHRs allow for standardized documentation of patient information, including socioeconomic factors, health history, and social determinants of health (SDOH). Nurses can use EHRs to identify and track health disparities among different patient populations. For example, data analytics can help identify which groups are experiencing poorer outcomes and may require targeted interventions. Moreover, patient portals empower patients by providing access to their health information, lab results, and educational materials. Nurses can use secure messaging systems within patient portals to facilitate communication with patients, address their concerns, and provide health education, especially for patients who may have difficulty accessing care in person (Oruche & Zapolski, 2020).

    Telehealth services are a strategy that increases accessibility and can lower barriers to healthcare for patients in remote or underserved communities. Nurses can utilize telehealth platforms to conduct assessments, follow-ups, and health education sessions. However, when providing telehealth services, nurses should be trained in cultural competence to ensure they are sensitive to the diverse backgrounds of their patients, adapting their communication styles to meet individual needs. Additionally, Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) tools can assist nurses in making evidence-based decisions regarding patient care, analyzing patient outcomes, and adjusting care processes based on real-time data, helping to ensure equitable healthcare delivery (Patterson et al., 2019).

    The intersection of SDOH, HIT, and patient outcomes is complex but crucial for improving healthcare equity. By understanding and addressing the barriers posed by social determinants, healthcare providers can enhance the effectiveness of HIT and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

    **References**

    Chelak, K., & Chakole, S. (2023). The role of social determinants of health in promoting health equality: A narrative review.
    _Cureus, 15_(1), e33425.
    [https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33425Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33425)

    Gagnon, K., Ortiz-Siberón, Á., Patel, N. D., James, R., Hawk, M., Damian, A. J., Beidas, R. (2022). Identifying facilitators, barriers, and strategies to implement social determinants of health screening, referral, and follow-up in the US: A scoping review protocol.
    _JBI Evidence Synthesis, 20_(6), 1568-1577.
    [https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-21-00161Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-21-00161)

    Kreuter, M. W., Thompson, T., McQueen, A., Garg, R. (2021). Addressing social needs in health care settings: Evidence, challenges, and opportunities for public health.
    _Annual Review of Public Health, 42_, 329-344.
    [https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102204Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102204)

    Oruche, U. M., & Zapolski, T. C. B. (2020). The role of nurses in eliminating health disparities and achieving health equity.
    _Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58_(12), 2-4.
    [https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20201112-01Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20201112-01)

    Patterson, B. W., Pulia, M. S., Ravi, S., Hoonakker, P. L. T., Schoofs Hundt, A., Wiegmann, D., Wirkus, E. J., Johnson, S. (2019). Scope and influence of electronic health record-integrated clinical decision support in the emergency department: A systematic review.
    _Annals of Emergency Medicine, 74_(2), 285-296.
    [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.10.034Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.10.034)

    Rangachari, P., & Thapa, A. (2025). Impact of hospital and health system initiatives to address social determinants of health (SDOH) in the United States: A scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature.
    _BMC Health Services Research, 25_, 342.
    [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12494-2Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12494-2)

    ## image1.jpeg

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    See Document Attached – ## CSIA485Project2-ImplementationPlanv2022.docx – rubricforproject2.pdf **## CSIA485Project2-ImplementationPlanv2022.docx** ![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/project-2-cybersecurity-implementation-plan-your-task)**CSIA 485: Practical Applications in Cybersecurity Manag…

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    **## CSIA485Project2-ImplementationPlanv2022.docx**

    ![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/project-2-cybersecurity-implementation-plan-your-task)**CSIA 485: Practical Applications in Cybersecurity Management & Policy**

    ## Project #2: Cybersecurity Implementation Plan

    ### Your Task:

    The Acquisition of Island Banking Services has moved from the strategy development phase to the integration phase. In this phase, the M&A team will develop transition and implementation plans. Padgett-Beale’s Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has recommended that a separate Cybersecurity Management Program be established for the Padgett-Beale Financial Services (PBI-FS) subsidiary to isolate as much risk as possible to the PBI-FS organization. This management program will require the establishment of policies, plans, and procedures which are customized to the financial service industry and the operating structure of PBI-FS.

    The CISO has asked you to continue supporting the Merger & Acquisition team’s efforts. Your specific tasking is to assist in developing an implementation plan for the previously developed Cybersecurity strategy (Project #1). Since there have been additional developments in the M&A strategy overall, you should pay close attention to the Background Information provided later in this document.

    Using your prior work (Project 1), develop a high-level plan for implementing a Cybersecurity Management Plan that will allow PBI-FS to begin operations in its new, on-island location. (The plan for the U.S. headquarters is being developed separately from your efforts.) This plan must take into account compliance requirements for U.S. banking laws, regulations, and standards. It must also include recommendations for required security controls, replacement of outdated hardware and software, and other measures necessary to reduce risk to an acceptable level. You must specifically address measures to reduce risks associated with both insider threats and external threats and threat actors.

    **Note: you MUST use the implementation plan outline provided later in this document.**

    You may need to perform additional analysis to address issues specific to the findings from the M&A team regarding the as-is state of the purchased assets which comprise the existing IT infrastructure.

    Your high-level plan should include the system development life cycle (SDLC) gates/decision points and relevant tasks required to implement changes in the company’s hardware, software, and infrastructure. See
    [https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_Life_Cycle_Process_Models:_Vee](https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_Life_Cycle_Process_Models:_Vee) for more information about the gates & decision points.

    You must also address any systems or software interoperability issues which may arise (especially those associated with the company’s existing custom software applications). You do not need to prepare a comprehensive Interoperability Assessment but, you should identify key issues and concerns. See the following resources for definitions and guidance:

    ·
    [https://www.smartgrid.gov/recovery_act/overview/standards_interoperability.html](https://www.smartgrid.gov/recovery_act/overview/standards_interoperability.html)

    ·
    [https://www.fcc.gov/general/interoperability](https://www.fcc.gov/general/interoperability)

    You must clearly show that you have applied the following frameworks and concepts in your analysis and planning:

    · Cybersecurity Principles: confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, authentication, auditability, accountability

    · NIST Cybersecurity Framework (see
    [https://‌nvlpubs. ‌nist.gov/‌nistpubs/‌CSWP/‌NIST. ‌CSWP. ‌04162018.pdf](https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/CSWP/NIST.CSWP.04162018.pdf) )

    · NIST Security and Privacy Controls (see NIST SP 800-53) OR Center for Internet Security (CIS) 20 Critical Security Controls for Effective Cyber Defense (see
    [https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/security-controls/cis-top-20-critical-security-controls/](https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/security-controls/cis-top-20-critical-security-controls/) )

    · Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) – ISO 27001/27002 (see
    [https://www.praxiom.com/toc35.htm](https://www.praxiom.com/toc35.htm) and
    [https://www.praxiom.com/iso-27001.htm](https://www.praxiom.com/iso-27001.htm) )

    **Note: Make sure that you include (in detail) the steps you would take to secure the new infrastructure.**

    ### Background:

    As part of the purchase agreement for Island Banking Services, Padgett-Beale made a commitment to the bankruptcy court to operate the call center and transaction processing center on the island for the next five years. The Padgett-Beale, Inc. Merger and Acquisition Strategy for Island Banking Services has been updated and now includes the following stipulations which are derived from requirements to comply with U.S. laws and regulations while also implementing the contractual agreement to continue some operations on the island.

    1. Island Banking Services will become Padgett-Beale, Inc – Financial Services (PBI-FS).

    2. PBI-FS will operate as a wholly owned subsidiary with its own management structure.

    3. PBI-FS's will be incorporated as a U.S. corporation and will comply with all applicable laws and regulations.

    4. PBI-FS's headquarters unit and executive staff (including the CEO, COO, and CFO) will have separate offices from PBI but will be located within a 5 mile radius of the PBI Headquarters.

    5. PBI-FS's call center and transactions processing center will remain on the island but will move to a vacant office building adjacent to the existing Padgett-Beale resort property.

    6. The deputy CISO from Padgett-Beale will serve as the interim CISO for PBI-FS.

    7. The CISO from Padgett-Beale will serve as a consultant to PBI-FS for all matters relating to the establishment of the subsidiary's Cybersecurity Management Program.

    As part of its
    _due diligence_ efforts, the Padgett-Beale M&A team reviewed the existing cybersecurity posture for Island Banking Services. This review determined that, while there were some IT security protections in place, Island Banking Services never had a formal IT security program. Instead, the company outsourced management of its hardware, software, and networks to an islander owned and operated IT services company. This company installed and managed the networking equipment, firewalls, and workstations. Some workstations were used by tellers to conduct financial transactions using a web-based interface to a back-end database. The M&A team is suspicious of the existing software and databases due to the level of criminal activity that was uncovered during the police investigation into money laundering.

    The M&A team also reviewed the inventory of digital assets (HW/SW/Licenses) included in the purchase of Island Banking Services. The team also reviewed existing contracts for services related to those assets. It has determined:

    1.
    **Telecommunications**. Undersea fiber optic cables connect the island to the global Internet. These cables are managed by a consortium of companies that contract with national and regional governments to provide telecommunications services (voice, video, and data) to a country or region. On-island access to Internet, cable television, and land-line telephone service are provided to residents and businesses on a contract basis by a government owned Communications Services company. The island’s local communications infrastructure was upgraded to buried fiber optic cables providing broad-band service after a hurricane destroyed the previous above ground copper cable infrastructure. Island Banking Services’ contract for communications services includes Voice over IP telephone service, one physical telecommunications connection via fiber optic cable, and one static IP address associated with that connection. Domain name services for the company’s Internet presence are provided by the island’s Communications Services company. The company uses network address translation services provided by the premises router to assign internal IP addresses to workstations and servers.

    2.
    **Network Equipment**. The network equipment is more than five years old and should be replaced. Since the company is moving PBI-FS’s operations to a new physical location, the entire network infrastructure from cables to routers to firewalls to wireless access points will be replaced. The network equipment closet also contains a special purpose access control system that uses hard wired RFID badge readers and RFID badges to control employee access to exterior and interior doors. This equipment is out of date and will need to be replaced once the company moves.

    3.
    **Workstations**. The computer workstations are more than five years old and currently run Windows 8.1. The workstations were custom built using refurbished components. All copies of Windows have an OEM license installed.

    a. Licenses for Office 2019 were included in the purchased assets.

    b. Three business licenses for an anti-virus program were included in the purchased assets. These licenses were installed on computers that were seized and taken into evidence as part of the ongoing law enforcement investigation. It is unclear whether these licenses will be usable in the future.

    c. More than 10 computer workstations were found to be using “free” versions of an anti-virus application. These licenses state “for non-commercial or personal, home use only.”

    4.
    **Banking Applications Database & Servers (Hardware & Software)**. The current banking applications software uses a custom browser-based interface built on an Apache Web server connected to a MySQL database. The Apache Web server also hosted the company’s internal web site. The server software licenses, the code for the custom browser-based interface, and the web server and database server hardware were included in the purchased digital assets. The storage media (hard disk drives) containing the Linux operating system, applications software, and database files were seized as part of the investigation and have not yet been returned to the company.

    5.
    **Electronic Mail and Public Web Server**. At the time of purchase, Island Banking Services was in the middle of converting from an internally hosted email server based on Linux/Exim to individual Gmail accounts (not owned or managed by the company). The company had recently moved its public website from the internal Apache server to the Wix hosting service. This public website provides customers with access to the company’s custom built, web-based mobile banking services application.

    6.
    **Data Backups and Data Recovery Services**. The system administrator for Island Banking Services used a commercial image backup utility to manually backup the company’s servers on a weekly basis. The image backups were written to multiple Solid State Disks (SSDs) that were connected to a Linux server connected to the company’s internal network. The financial transactions software (custom written) used electronic journaling to create copies of each transaction record in a MySQL instance hosted in a private cloud (Platform as a Service). The entire transactions database was copied to this private cloud once every 12 hours. Transaction records were copied to the cloud database every 30 minutes.

    ![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/project-2-cybersecurity-implementation-plan-your-task)

    **Figure 1. Island Banking Services IT Infrastructure (as-is).**

    ### Putting It All Together

    Your plan will be a combination of a paper and a detailed list of steps and resources that you would follow to implement and complete this project. Think about all of the actions, resources, and tasks that you would need to ensure a successful implementation of the “to-be” state for the PBI-FS cybersecurity program and infrastructure. These should also be included as part of the plan. The minimum structure for this assignment is below:

    · INTRODUCTION

    · Purpose of Plan (implementation of the security strategy)

    · GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

    · Business Goals and Objectives

    · Project Goals and Objectives

    · SCOPE

    · Scope Definition

    · Items Beyond Scope

    · ASSUMPTIONS

    · Project Assumptions

    · CONSTRAINTS

    · Project Constraints

    · Barriers to Success

    · PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN (for implementation of the security strategy)

    · People

    · Processes

    · Technologies

    · STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

    · Security Controls

    · Baseline (mandatory controls)

    · Compensatory Controls (Administrative, Operational, Tactical)

    · System Development Life Cycle/Schedule

    · The 7 phases are: planning, requirements, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance

    · Milestones

    · Resource Requirements (People, Finances)

    · ENTERPRISE IT ARCHITECTURE (“To-Be” – must include overview diagram)

    · Hardware

    · Software

    · Network Infrastructure

    · Cybersecurity Defenses

    ### Additional Information

    1. Consult the grading rubric for specific content and formatting requirements for this assignment.

    2. Your 10-12 page Implementation Plan should be professional in appearance with consistent use of fonts, font sizes, margins, etc. You should use headings and page breaks to organize your paper. The listed page length is a recommended target. You should not, however, exceed double that page count (i.e. no more than 25 pages including diagrams, tables, and lists).

    3. Your deliverable should use standard terms and definitions for cybersecurity. See Course Content > Cybersecurity Concepts Review for recommended resources.

    4. Your Enterprise IT Architecture Overview diagram may be constructed using commercial clip art but you may not copy / glue together architecture diagrams from other sources. MS Word and Power Point both provide drawing tools and clip art which you can use to construct your diagram. See Figure 1 in this file for an example of the type of diagram / level of detail required.

    5. The CSIA program recommends that you follow standard APA formatting since this will give you a document that meets the “professional appearance” requirements. APA formatting guidelines and examples are found under Course Resources. An APA template file (MS Word format) has also been provided for your use CSIA_Paper_Template(TOC+TOF,2021).docx.

    6. You must include a cover page with the assignment title, your name, and the due date. Your reference list must be on a separate page at the end of your file. These pages do not count towards the assignment’s page count.

    7. You are expected to write grammatically correct English in every assignment that you submit for grading. Do not turn in any work without (a) using spell check, (b) using grammar check, (c) verifying that your punctuation is correct and (d) reviewing your work for correct word usage and correctly structured sentences and paragraphs.

    8. You are expected to credit your sources using in-text citations and reference list entries. Both your citations and your reference list entries must follow a consistent citation style (APA, MLA, etc.). Note: you may use footnotes to credit sources when doing so will improve the readability of the deliverable.

    Copyright © 2022 by University of Maryland Global Campus. All rights reserved.

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.png

    **rubricforproject2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/rubricforproject2-pdf)

    **rubricforproject2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/rubricforproject2-pdf)

    **## CSIA485Project2-ImplementationPlanv2022.docx**

    ![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/project-2-cybersecurity-implementation-plan-your-task)**CSIA 485: Practical Applications in Cybersecurity Management & Policy**

    ## Project #2: Cybersecurity Implementation Plan

    ### Your Task:

    The Acquisition of Island Banking Services has moved from the strategy development phase to the integration phase. In this phase, the M&A team will develop transition and implementation plans. Padgett-Beale’s Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has recommended that a separate Cybersecurity Management Program be established for the Padgett-Beale Financial Services (PBI-FS) subsidiary to isolate as much risk as possible to the PBI-FS organization. This management program will require the establishment of policies, plans, and procedures which are customized to the financial service industry and the operating structure of PBI-FS.

    The CISO has asked you to continue supporting the Merger & Acquisition team’s efforts. Your specific tasking is to assist in developing an implementation plan for the previously developed Cybersecurity strategy (Project #1). Since there have been additional developments in the M&A strategy overall, you should pay close attention to the Background Information provided later in this document.

    Using your prior work (Project 1), develop a high-level plan for implementing a Cybersecurity Management Plan that will allow PBI-FS to begin operations in its new, on-island location. (The plan for the U.S. headquarters is being developed separately from your efforts.) This plan must take into account compliance requirements for U.S. banking laws, regulations, and standards. It must also include recommendations for required security controls, replacement of outdated hardware and software, and other measures necessary to reduce risk to an acceptable level. You must specifically address measures to reduce risks associated with both insider threats and external threats and threat actors.

    **Note: you MUST use the implementation plan outline provided later in this document.**

    You may need to perform additional analysis to address issues specific to the findings from the M&A team regarding the as-is state of the purchased assets which comprise the existing IT infrastructure.

    Your high-level plan should include the system development life cycle (SDLC) gates/decision points and relevant tasks required to implement changes in the company’s hardware, software, and infrastructure. See
    [https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_Life_Cycle_Process_Models:_Vee](https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_Life_Cycle_Process_Models:_Vee) for more information about the gates & decision points.

    You must also address any systems or software interoperability issues which may arise (especially those associated with the company’s existing custom software applications). You do not need to prepare a comprehensive Interoperability Assessment but, you should identify key issues and concerns. See the following resources for definitions and guidance:

    ·
    [https://www.smartgrid.gov/recovery_act/overview/standards_interoperability.html](https://www.smartgrid.gov/recovery_act/overview/standards_interoperability.html)

    ·
    [https://www.fcc.gov/general/interoperability](https://www.fcc.gov/general/interoperability)

    You must clearly show that you have applied the following frameworks and concepts in your analysis and planning:

    · Cybersecurity Principles: confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, authentication, auditability, accountability

    · NIST Cybersecurity Framework (see
    [https://‌nvlpubs. ‌nist.gov/‌nistpubs/‌CSWP/‌NIST. ‌CSWP. ‌04162018.pdf](https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/CSWP/NIST.CSWP.04162018.pdf) )

    · NIST Security and Privacy Controls (see NIST SP 800-53) OR Center for Internet Security (CIS) 20 Critical Security Controls for Effective Cyber Defense (see
    [https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/security-controls/cis-top-20-critical-security-controls/](https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/security-controls/cis-top-20-critical-security-controls/) )

    · Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) – ISO 27001/27002 (see
    [https://www.praxiom.com/toc35.htm](https://www.praxiom.com/toc35.htm) and
    [https://www.praxiom.com/iso-27001.htm](https://www.praxiom.com/iso-27001.htm) )

    **Note: Make sure that you include (in detail) the steps you would take to secure the new infrastructure.**

    ### Background:

    As part of the purchase agreement for Island Banking Services, Padgett-Beale made a commitment to the bankruptcy court to operate the call center and transaction processing center on the island for the next five years. The Padgett-Beale, Inc. Merger and Acquisition Strategy for Island Banking Services has been updated and now includes the following stipulations which are derived from requirements to comply with U.S. laws and regulations while also implementing the contractual agreement to continue some operations on the island.

    1. Island Banking Services will become Padgett-Beale, Inc – Financial Services (PBI-FS).

    2. PBI-FS will operate as a wholly owned subsidiary with its own management structure.

    3. PBI-FS's will be incorporated as a U.S. corporation and will comply with all applicable laws and regulations.

    4. PBI-FS's headquarters unit and executive staff (including the CEO, COO, and CFO) will have separate offices from PBI but will be located within a 5 mile radius of the PBI Headquarters.

    5. PBI-FS's call center and transactions processing center will remain on the island but will move to a vacant office building adjacent to the existing Padgett-Beale resort property.

    6. The deputy CISO from Padgett-Beale will serve as the interim CISO for PBI-FS.

    7. The CISO from Padgett-Beale will serve as a consultant to PBI-FS for all matters relating to the establishment of the subsidiary's Cybersecurity Management Program.

    As part of its
    _due diligence_ efforts, the Padgett-Beale M&A team reviewed the existing cybersecurity posture for Island Banking Services. This review determined that, while there were some IT security protections in place, Island Banking Services never had a formal IT security program. Instead, the company outsourced management of its hardware, software, and networks to an islander owned and operated IT services company. This company installed and managed the networking equipment, firewalls, and workstations. Some workstations were used by tellers to conduct financial transactions using a web-based interface to a back-end database. The M&A team is suspicious of the existing software and databases due to the level of criminal activity that was uncovered during the police investigation into money laundering.

    The M&A team also reviewed the inventory of digital assets (HW/SW/Licenses) included in the purchase of Island Banking Services. The team also reviewed existing contracts for services related to those assets. It has determined:

    1.
    **Telecommunications**. Undersea fiber optic cables connect the island to the global Internet. These cables are managed by a consortium of companies that contract with national and regional governments to provide telecommunications services (voice, video, and data) to a country or region. On-island access to Internet, cable television, and land-line telephone service are provided to residents and businesses on a contract basis by a government owned Communications Services company. The island’s local communications infrastructure was upgraded to buried fiber optic cables providing broad-band service after a hurricane destroyed the previous above ground copper cable infrastructure. Island Banking Services’ contract for communications services includes Voice over IP telephone service, one physical telecommunications connection via fiber optic cable, and one static IP address associated with that connection. Domain name services for the company’s Internet presence are provided by the island’s Communications Services company. The company uses network address translation services provided by the premises router to assign internal IP addresses to workstations and servers.

    2.
    **Network Equipment**. The network equipment is more than five years old and should be replaced. Since the company is moving PBI-FS’s operations to a new physical location, the entire network infrastructure from cables to routers to firewalls to wireless access points will be replaced. The network equipment closet also contains a special purpose access control system that uses hard wired RFID badge readers and RFID badges to control employee access to exterior and interior doors. This equipment is out of date and will need to be replaced once the company moves.

    3.
    **Workstations**. The computer workstations are more than five years old and currently run Windows 8.1. The workstations were custom built using refurbished components. All copies of Windows have an OEM license installed.

    a. Licenses for Office 2019 were included in the purchased assets.

    b. Three business licenses for an anti-virus program were included in the purchased assets. These licenses were installed on computers that were seized and taken into evidence as part of the ongoing law enforcement investigation. It is unclear whether these licenses will be usable in the future.

    c. More than 10 computer workstations were found to be using “free” versions of an anti-virus application. These licenses state “for non-commercial or personal, home use only.”

    4.
    **Banking Applications Database & Servers (Hardware & Software)**. The current banking applications software uses a custom browser-based interface built on an Apache Web server connected to a MySQL database. The Apache Web server also hosted the company’s internal web site. The server software licenses, the code for the custom browser-based interface, and the web server and database server hardware were included in the purchased digital assets. The storage media (hard disk drives) containing the Linux operating system, applications software, and database files were seized as part of the investigation and have not yet been returned to the company.

    5.
    **Electronic Mail and Public Web Server**. At the time of purchase, Island Banking Services was in the middle of converting from an internally hosted email server based on Linux/Exim to individual Gmail accounts (not owned or managed by the company). The company had recently moved its public website from the internal Apache server to the Wix hosting service. This public website provides customers with access to the company’s custom built, web-based mobile banking services application.

    6.
    **Data Backups and Data Recovery Services**. The system administrator for Island Banking Services used a commercial image backup utility to manually backup the company’s servers on a weekly basis. The image backups were written to multiple Solid State Disks (SSDs) that were connected to a Linux server connected to the company’s internal network. The financial transactions software (custom written) used electronic journaling to create copies of each transaction record in a MySQL instance hosted in a private cloud (Platform as a Service). The entire transactions database was copied to this private cloud once every 12 hours. Transaction records were copied to the cloud database every 30 minutes.

    ![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/project-2-cybersecurity-implementation-plan-your-task)

    **Figure 1. Island Banking Services IT Infrastructure (as-is).**

    ### Putting It All Together

    Your plan will be a combination of a paper and a detailed list of steps and resources that you would follow to implement and complete this project. Think about all of the actions, resources, and tasks that you would need to ensure a successful implementation of the “to-be” state for the PBI-FS cybersecurity program and infrastructure. These should also be included as part of the plan. The minimum structure for this assignment is below:

    · INTRODUCTION

    · Purpose of Plan (implementation of the security strategy)

    · GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

    · Business Goals and Objectives

    · Project Goals and Objectives

    · SCOPE

    · Scope Definition

    · Items Beyond Scope

    · ASSUMPTIONS

    · Project Assumptions

    · CONSTRAINTS

    · Project Constraints

    · Barriers to Success

    · PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN (for implementation of the security strategy)

    · People

    · Processes

    · Technologies

    · STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

    · Security Controls

    · Baseline (mandatory controls)

    · Compensatory Controls (Administrative, Operational, Tactical)

    · System Development Life Cycle/Schedule

    · The 7 phases are: planning, requirements, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance

    · Milestones

    · Resource Requirements (People, Finances)

    · ENTERPRISE IT ARCHITECTURE (“To-Be” – must include overview diagram)

    · Hardware

    · Software

    · Network Infrastructure

    · Cybersecurity Defenses

    ### Additional Information

    1. Consult the grading rubric for specific content and formatting requirements for this assignment.

    2. Your 10-12 page Implementation Plan should be professional in appearance with consistent use of fonts, font sizes, margins, etc. You should use headings and page breaks to organize your paper. The listed page length is a recommended target. You should not, however, exceed double that page count (i.e. no more than 25 pages including diagrams, tables, and lists).

    3. Your deliverable should use standard terms and definitions for cybersecurity. See Course Content > Cybersecurity Concepts Review for recommended resources.

    4. Your Enterprise IT Architecture Overview diagram may be constructed using commercial clip art but you may not copy / glue together architecture diagrams from other sources. MS Word and Power Point both provide drawing tools and clip art which you can use to construct your diagram. See Figure 1 in this file for an example of the type of diagram / level of detail required.

    5. The CSIA program recommends that you follow standard APA formatting since this will give you a document that meets the “professional appearance” requirements. APA formatting guidelines and examples are found under Course Resources. An APA template file (MS Word format) has also been provided for your use CSIA_Paper_Template(TOC+TOF,2021).docx.

    6. You must include a cover page with the assignment title, your name, and the due date. Your reference list must be on a separate page at the end of your file. These pages do not count towards the assignment’s page count.

    7. You are expected to write grammatically correct English in every assignment that you submit for grading. Do not turn in any work without (a) using spell check, (b) using grammar check, (c) verifying that your punctuation is correct and (d) reviewing your work for correct word usage and correctly structured sentences and paragraphs.

    8. You are expected to credit your sources using in-text citations and reference list entries. Both your citations and your reference list entries must follow a consistent citation style (APA, MLA, etc.). Note: you may use footnotes to credit sources when doing so will improve the readability of the deliverable.

    Copyright © 2022 by University of Maryland Global Campus. All rights reserved.

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.png

    **rubricforproject2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/rubricforproject2-pdf)

    **## CSIA485Project2-ImplementationPlanv2022.docx**

    ![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/project-2-cybersecurity-implementation-plan-your-task)**CSIA 485: Practical Applications in Cybersecurity Management & Policy**

    ## Project #2: Cybersecurity Implementation Plan

    ### Your Task:

    The Acquisition of Island Banking Services has moved from the strategy development phase to the integration phase. In this phase, the M&A team will develop transition and implementation plans. Padgett-Beale’s Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has recommended that a separate Cybersecurity Management Program be established for the Padgett-Beale Financial Services (PBI-FS) subsidiary to isolate as much risk as possible to the PBI-FS organization. This management program will require the establishment of policies, plans, and procedures which are customized to the financial service industry and the operating structure of PBI-FS.

    The CISO has asked you to continue supporting the Merger & Acquisition team’s efforts. Your specific tasking is to assist in developing an implementation plan for the previously developed Cybersecurity strategy (Project #1). Since there have been additional developments in the M&A strategy overall, you should pay close attention to the Background Information provided later in this document.

    Using your prior work (Project 1), develop a high-level plan for implementing a Cybersecurity Management Plan that will allow PBI-FS to begin operations in its new, on-island location. (The plan for the U.S. headquarters is being developed separately from your efforts.) This plan must take into account compliance requirements for U.S. banking laws, regulations, and standards. It must also include recommendations for required security controls, replacement of outdated hardware and software, and other measures necessary to reduce risk to an acceptable level. You must specifically address measures to reduce risks associated with both insider threats and external threats and threat actors.

    **Note: you MUST use the implementation plan outline provided later in this document.**

    You may need to perform additional analysis to address issues specific to the findings from the M&A team regarding the as-is state of the purchased assets which comprise the existing IT infrastructure.

    Your high-level plan should include the system development life cycle (SDLC) gates/decision points and relevant tasks required to implement changes in the company’s hardware, software, and infrastructure. See
    [https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_Life_Cycle_Process_Models:_Vee](https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/System_Life_Cycle_Process_Models:_Vee) for more information about the gates & decision points.

    You must also address any systems or software interoperability issues which may arise (especially those associated with the company’s existing custom software applications). You do not need to prepare a comprehensive Interoperability Assessment but, you should identify key issues and concerns. See the following resources for definitions and guidance:

    ·
    [https://www.smartgrid.gov/recovery_act/overview/standards_interoperability.html](https://www.smartgrid.gov/recovery_act/overview/standards_interoperability.html)

    ·
    [https://www.fcc.gov/general/interoperability](https://www.fcc.gov/general/interoperability)

    You must clearly show that you have applied the following frameworks and concepts in your analysis and planning:

    · Cybersecurity Principles: confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, authentication, auditability, accountability

    · NIST Cybersecurity Framework (see
    [https://‌nvlpubs. ‌nist.gov/‌nistpubs/‌CSWP/‌NIST. ‌CSWP. ‌04162018.pdf](https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/CSWP/NIST.CSWP.04162018.pdf) )

    · NIST Security and Privacy Controls (see NIST SP 800-53) OR Center for Internet Security (CIS) 20 Critical Security Controls for Effective Cyber Defense (see
    [https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/security-controls/cis-top-20-critical-security-controls/](https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/security-controls/cis-top-20-critical-security-controls/) )

    · Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) – ISO 27001/27002 (see
    [https://www.praxiom.com/toc35.htm](https://www.praxiom.com/toc35.htm) and
    [https://www.praxiom.com/iso-27001.htm](https://www.praxiom.com/iso-27001.htm) )

    **Note: Make sure that you include (in detail) the steps you would take to secure the new infrastructure.**

    ### Background:

    As part of the purchase agreement for Island Banking Services, Padgett-Beale made a commitment to the bankruptcy court to operate the call center and transaction processing center on the island for the next five years. The Padgett-Beale, Inc. Merger and Acquisition Strategy for Island Banking Services has been updated and now includes the following stipulations which are derived from requirements to comply with U.S. laws and regulations while also implementing the contractual agreement to continue some operations on the island.

    1. Island Banking Services will become Padgett-Beale, Inc – Financial Services (PBI-FS).

    2. PBI-FS will operate as a wholly owned subsidiary with its own management structure.

    3. PBI-FS's will be incorporated as a U.S. corporation and will comply with all applicable laws and regulations.

    4. PBI-FS's headquarters unit and executive staff (including the CEO, COO, and CFO) will have separate offices from PBI but will be located within a 5 mile radius of the PBI Headquarters.

    5. PBI-FS's call center and transactions processing center will remain on the island but will move to a vacant office building adjacent to the existing Padgett-Beale resort property.

    6. The deputy CISO from Padgett-Beale will serve as the interim CISO for PBI-FS.

    7. The CISO from Padgett-Beale will serve as a consultant to PBI-FS for all matters relating to the establishment of the subsidiary's Cybersecurity Management Program.

    As part of its
    _due diligence_ efforts, the Padgett-Beale M&A team reviewed the existing cybersecurity posture for Island Banking Services. This review determined that, while there were some IT security protections in place, Island Banking Services never had a formal IT security program. Instead, the company outsourced management of its hardware, software, and networks to an islander owned and operated IT services company. This company installed and managed the networking equipment, firewalls, and workstations. Some workstations were used by tellers to conduct financial transactions using a web-based interface to a back-end database. The M&A team is suspicious of the existing software and databases due to the level of criminal activity that was uncovered during the police investigation into money laundering.

    The M&A team also reviewed the inventory of digital assets (HW/SW/Licenses) included in the purchase of Island Banking Services. The team also reviewed existing contracts for services related to those assets. It has determined:

    1.
    **Telecommunications**. Undersea fiber optic cables connect the island to the global Internet. These cables are managed by a consortium of companies that contract with national and regional governments to provide telecommunications services (voice, video, and data) to a country or region. On-island access to Internet, cable television, and land-line telephone service are provided to residents and businesses on a contract basis by a government owned Communications Services company. The island’s local communications infrastructure was upgraded to buried fiber optic cables providing broad-band service after a hurricane destroyed the previous above ground copper cable infrastructure. Island Banking Services’ contract for communications services includes Voice over IP telephone service, one physical telecommunications connection via fiber optic cable, and one static IP address associated with that connection. Domain name services for the company’s Internet presence are provided by the island’s Communications Services company. The company uses network address translation services provided by the premises router to assign internal IP addresses to workstations and servers.

    2.
    **Network Equipment**. The network equipment is more than five years old and should be replaced. Since the company is moving PBI-FS’s operations to a new physical location, the entire network infrastructure from cables to routers to firewalls to wireless access points will be replaced. The network equipment closet also contains a special purpose access control system that uses hard wired RFID badge readers and RFID badges to control employee access to exterior and interior doors. This equipment is out of date and will need to be replaced once the company moves.

    3.
    **Workstations**. The computer workstations are more than five years old and currently run Windows 8.1. The workstations were custom built using refurbished components. All copies of Windows have an OEM license installed.

    a. Licenses for Office 2019 were included in the purchased assets.

    b. Three business licenses for an anti-virus program were included in the purchased assets. These licenses were installed on computers that were seized and taken into evidence as part of the ongoing law enforcement investigation. It is unclear whether these licenses will be usable in the future.

    c. More than 10 computer workstations were found to be using “free” versions of an anti-virus application. These licenses state “for non-commercial or personal, home use only.”

    4.
    **Banking Applications Database & Servers (Hardware & Software)**. The current banking applications software uses a custom browser-based interface built on an Apache Web server connected to a MySQL database. The Apache Web server also hosted the company’s internal web site. The server software licenses, the code for the custom browser-based interface, and the web server and database server hardware were included in the purchased digital assets. The storage media (hard disk drives) containing the Linux operating system, applications software, and database files were seized as part of the investigation and have not yet been returned to the company.

    5.
    **Electronic Mail and Public Web Server**. At the time of purchase, Island Banking Services was in the middle of converting from an internally hosted email server based on Linux/Exim to individual Gmail accounts (not owned or managed by the company). The company had recently moved its public website from the internal Apache server to the Wix hosting service. This public website provides customers with access to the company’s custom built, web-based mobile banking services application.

    6.
    **Data Backups and Data Recovery Services**. The system administrator for Island Banking Services used a commercial image backup utility to manually backup the company’s servers on a weekly basis. The image backups were written to multiple Solid State Disks (SSDs) that were connected to a Linux server connected to the company’s internal network. The financial transactions software (custom written) used electronic journaling to create copies of each transaction record in a MySQL instance hosted in a private cloud (Platform as a Service). The entire transactions database was copied to this private cloud once every 12 hours. Transaction records were copied to the cloud database every 30 minutes.

    ![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/project-2-cybersecurity-implementation-plan-your-task)

    **Figure 1. Island Banking Services IT Infrastructure (as-is).**

    ### Putting It All Together

    Your plan will be a combination of a paper and a detailed list of steps and resources that you would follow to implement and complete this project. Think about all of the actions, resources, and tasks that you would need to ensure a successful implementation of the “to-be” state for the PBI-FS cybersecurity program and infrastructure. These should also be included as part of the plan. The minimum structure for this assignment is below:

    · INTRODUCTION

    · Purpose of Plan (implementation of the security strategy)

    · GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

    · Business Goals and Objectives

    · Project Goals and Objectives

    · SCOPE

    · Scope Definition

    · Items Beyond Scope

    · ASSUMPTIONS

    · Project Assumptions

    · CONSTRAINTS

    · Project Constraints

    · Barriers to Success

    · PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN (for implementation of the security strategy)

    · People

    · Processes

    · Technologies

    · STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

    · Security Controls

    · Baseline (mandatory controls)

    · Compensatory Controls (Administrative, Operational, Tactical)

    · System Development Life Cycle/Schedule

    · The 7 phases are: planning, requirements, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance

    · Milestones

    · Resource Requirements (People, Finances)

    · ENTERPRISE IT ARCHITECTURE (“To-Be” – must include overview diagram)

    · Hardware

    · Software

    · Network Infrastructure

    · Cybersecurity Defenses

    ### Additional Information

    1. Consult the grading rubric for specific content and formatting requirements for this assignment.

    2. Your 10-12 page Implementation Plan should be professional in appearance with consistent use of fonts, font sizes, margins, etc. You should use headings and page breaks to organize your paper. The listed page length is a recommended target. You should not, however, exceed double that page count (i.e. no more than 25 pages including diagrams, tables, and lists).

    3. Your deliverable should use standard terms and definitions for cybersecurity. See Course Content > Cybersecurity Concepts Review for recommended resources.

    4. Your Enterprise IT Architecture Overview diagram may be constructed using commercial clip art but you may not copy / glue together architecture diagrams from other sources. MS Word and Power Point both provide drawing tools and clip art which you can use to construct your diagram. See Figure 1 in this file for an example of the type of diagram / level of detail required.

    5. The CSIA program recommends that you follow standard APA formatting since this will give you a document that meets the “professional appearance” requirements. APA formatting guidelines and examples are found under Course Resources. An APA template file (MS Word format) has also been provided for your use CSIA_Paper_Template(TOC+TOF,2021).docx.

    6. You must include a cover page with the assignment title, your name, and the due date. Your reference list must be on a separate page at the end of your file. These pages do not count towards the assignment’s page count.

    7. You are expected to write grammatically correct English in every assignment that you submit for grading. Do not turn in any work without (a) using spell check, (b) using grammar check, (c) verifying that your punctuation is correct and (d) reviewing your work for correct word usage and correctly structured sentences and paragraphs.

    8. You are expected to credit your sources using in-text citations and reference list entries. Both your citations and your reference list entries must follow a consistent citation style (APA, MLA, etc.). Note: you may use footnotes to credit sources when doing so will improve the readability of the deliverable.

    Copyright © 2022 by University of Maryland Global Campus. All rights reserved.

    ## image1.png

    ## image2.png

    **rubricforproject2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/rubricforproject2-pdf)

    – 1
    – 2

  • [Solved] Behavioral and Social Aspects of Public Health july 15, 2025

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    – ## Assignment4.docx – ## BehavioralandSocialAspectsofPublicHealth-FinaLPaperinstructions.docx – Examplesbystate1009.pdf **## Assignment4.docx** Assignment 4-Corrected Version 7/10 **Assignment Instructions** Read carefully and follow instructions. Advocacy includes a broad range of activities whic…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## Assignment4.docx

    – ## BehavioralandSocialAspectsofPublicHealth-FinaLPaperinstructions.docx

    – Examplesbystate1009.pdf

    **## Assignment4.docx**

    Assignment 4-Corrected Version 7/10

    **Assignment Instructions**

    Read carefully and follow instructions.

    Advocacy includes a broad range of activities which attempt to influence a specific behavior, policy, legislative, regulatory or implementation outcome. Public health officials can play critical roles in the advocacy process, handling policy analysis, issue development, community education, constituency organizing, lobbying, legal class actions, or creating an entire advocacy campaign.

    **Title:** _Analyzing and Comparing Public Health Media Advocacy Campaigns: A Study in Effectiveness_

    **Objectives:**

    · To develop critical analytical skills in evaluating public health advocacy campaigns.

    · To understand the strategies used in media advocacy and their impact on public health outcomes.

    **Assignment Instructions:**

    **Campaign Selection:**

    · Choose two public health media advocacy campaigns that focus on
    **similar issues** (e.g., anti-smoking, mental health awareness, or obesity prevention, harm reduction, environmental health).

    · Make sure to provide links or references to their campaign materials, such as videos, social media posts, and promotional content in your list of references.

    **Criteria to Evaluate Advocacy Campaign:**

    · Clarity of message

    · Reach and engagement-includes target population

    · Effectiveness in changing behavior or attitudes

    · Use of evidence-based strategies

    · Cultural competence and inclusivity

    **Research and Analysis:**

    · Research each campaign thoroughly, considering both quantitative data (e.g., engagement rates, survey results) and qualitative aspects (e.g., narrative strength, audience feedback).

    · Compare the campaigns based on the criteria.

    **Critical Reflection:**

    · Reflect on the campaigns’ methodologies and identify areas where they excelled or could be improved.

    · Discuss the role of media advocacy in public health and how it complements other intervention strategies.

    **Prepare at least a three page report  summarizing your findings. Include:**

    · An introduction to the campaigns and why they were chosen.

    · A detailed comparison based on the criteria.

    · Based on your analysis, which campaign had a greater impact, and why?

    ·

    An older example of state initiatives to use as a possible guide. This is just an example of older campaigns.

    **Examplesbystate1009.pdf**

    Newer campaigns can be found via this link.
    [CDC Featured Campaigns](https://www.cdc.gov/health-communication/php/communication-resources/featured-campaigns.html)

    **Comments ( Article Critique Loneliness in Young people by Marquez1 et al)**

    Additionally, the authors advocate for local-level interventions, but do not specify what these might look like. A stronger link to implementation science (e.g., CFIR) could enhance applicability to other geographic regions.

    **## BehavioralandSocialAspectsofPublicHealth-FinaLPaperinstructions.docx**

    2

    ## **Final Paper Topic Suggestions!**

    As you select your topic please keep in mind that it should be something you are interested in and will enjoy researching!

    · It should relate to what was covered in our class. For example your paper should Integrate relevant theories and models of health behavior, such as the Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory, or the Social Ecological Model, to explain the social and behavioral factors influencing the public health topic you selected.

    · Analyze Social and Behavioral Factors: Examine how social determinants, cultural norms, health beliefs, and individual behaviors contributed to this public health topic.

    These sites may help you select a topic.

    [Topics & Issues in Public Health](https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues)

    [John Hopkins School of Public Health](https://publichealth.jhu.edu/topics)

    Very broad topics

    · Bioethics.

    · Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)

    · Climate change.

    · Deafness and other communication disorders.

    · Eye disease, vision health and blindness.

    · Global health security.

    · Household air pollution.

    · Implementation science.

    ##### RESEARCH PAPER REQUIREMENTS

    The research paper should be no longer than 8 double spaced pages, including references and title page. All graphs, charts etc. should not be included in the page count and should appear in the Appendix. Your paper should be double-spaced, formatted in Times Roman font, 12 points, with one inch all around and adhere to the APA7 format.

    Avoid using first person, this is not the place for personal recommendations or viewpoints. The recommendations should be based in research.

    Proofread your papers for typographical errors and grammar. Poor grammar reduces the readability of your paper and will have a negative impact on your grade.

    The cover page should include a) Title of the assignment, b) Your name, c) The date, d) Course Number and Course name, e) Instructor Name.

    The research paper should include the following headings/sections:

    ##### Ø Introduction

    · This section should provide an overview of the health issue, include a brief description of the overall purpose of the paper, and write the significance of doing this project.

    · What are the goals and objectives of the project?

    ##### o  Do not select a health issue that has a strong genetic determinant as you will have little opportunity to discuss behavioral factors.

    · Health Issue (Review and synthesize of pertinent literature)

    · Discuss the specific health problem/issue

    · Provide a demographic description of the population including prevalence of the disease or condition for that population.

    · How does this disease/condition affect the population? Think about disease, disability, health care expenses, and death.

    ##### Ø Introduction

    · This section should provide an overview of the health issue, include a brief description of the overall purpose of the paper, and write the significance of doing this project.

    · What are the goals and objectives of the project?

    ##### Ø Analysis of the Problem

    · Conduct a literature search to identify and explain factors (positive and negative) that influence the problem at different ecological levels, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and societal levels.

    · Discuss the relationship between the biological pathway and the major behavioral factors influencing the disease process and/or health outcome.

    · Do not use the example that is analyzed in the textbook by ecological levels. You may use it as a guide.

    ##### Ø Integration of the health issue and target population

    · Plan an intervention to address the problem. What can be done to prevent and reduce the health problem in this population?

    · Explain how cultural and social behaviors serve as risk and/or protective factors for the specific population contributing to the control and/or occurrence of the health condition.

    · Identify positive negative factors related to social and cultural behaviors

    · Depending on your intervention, identify a theoretical model that is applicable to your project. Discuss how this model may help to change the behavior of the population.

    · Provide clear description of major tasks, action steps, or products that will be delivered to achieve the goals and outcomes

    · Identify resources (Personnel, infrastructure) that you will need to get this project off the ground and make it sustainable

    · Please make sure that your plans/actions align with your objectives

    ##### Ø Discussion, conclusions and recommendations

    · Summarize the literature and your conclusions about the relationship between the population and the specific health pattern

    · Make recommendations regarding what could be done to prevent and reduce the health problem in this population and how lessons learned in this population could be applied to other populations or the nation.

    · Discuss how lessons learned in this population may be applied to other populations or the nation.

    · The recommendations should address some of the negative factors that are hindering successful implementation of the project.

    ##### Ø References Cited

    · A minimum of 6 citations from several peer-reviewed journals articles within the last 10 years are required, in addition to other reputable sources like government agency, such as the CDC, WHO or NIH.

    · Use the American Psychological Association (APA) style (7th. Edition)

    · DO NOT use Wikipedia and other non-quality sources.

    ## **Presentation Guidelines-Slides and in Class Presentation**

    Print

    [The guidelines below are copied almost verbatim from the Public Health Conference 2024 presentation guidelines. I did this as if you were preparing to present at the 6th annual international Public Health Conference. They are clear, concise and very helpful.](https://publichealthconferences.com/)

    Slides

    1. Your slides should use light color letters (Yellow and White) on a dark background. It will make your presentation easily readable.

    2. Use 36pt or bigger for headings and 24pt or bigger for body text. Recommended fonts are Arial and Sans Serif.

    3. Better to avoid using different styles (eg: Italic fonts) of fonts that are difficult to read from the distance.

    4. Plan to cover 6-8 points/sentences per slide while keeping the number of words to a maximum of 8-10. This is very important as points will be deducted for info in paragraph form on your slides.

    5. It is recommended to use 10-12 slides per presentation.

    6. Keep it simple, Illustrate major points. It is advised not to use every detail of what you have to say.

    7. Be sure your slides are free of grammatical and spelling errors.

    8. Once the presentation is prepared, proofread with care to content.

    Presentation

    1. You will be given 5 minutes for presentation and 3 minutes for Q & A.

    2. Do not spend more than 1 minute per slide.

    3. Speak slowly, clearly and loudly.

    4. Practice, practice and practice with attention to the content and time; to deliver a better presentation.

    5. Each unique session will be awarded the session’s best presentation. Following criteria will be used to evaluate your presentation.

    · Preparation (Delivery, Demeanor, Organization, Timing) (15)

    · Content (50)

    · Visual Aids (20)

    · Ability to Ask and Answer Questions (15)

    **Examplesbystate1009.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/examplesbystate1009-pdf)

    **Examplesbystate1009.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/examplesbystate1009-pdf)

    **## Assignment4.docx**

    Assignment 4-Corrected Version 7/10

    **Assignment Instructions**

    Read carefully and follow instructions.

    Advocacy includes a broad range of activities which attempt to influence a specific behavior, policy, legislative, regulatory or implementation outcome. Public health officials can play critical roles in the advocacy process, handling policy analysis, issue development, community education, constituency organizing, lobbying, legal class actions, or creating an entire advocacy campaign.

    **Title:** _Analyzing and Comparing Public Health Media Advocacy Campaigns: A Study in Effectiveness_

    **Objectives:**

    · To develop critical analytical skills in evaluating public health advocacy campaigns.

    · To understand the strategies used in media advocacy and their impact on public health outcomes.

    **Assignment Instructions:**

    **Campaign Selection:**

    · Choose two public health media advocacy campaigns that focus on
    **similar issues** (e.g., anti-smoking, mental health awareness, or obesity prevention, harm reduction, environmental health).

    · Make sure to provide links or references to their campaign materials, such as videos, social media posts, and promotional content in your list of references.

    **Criteria to Evaluate Advocacy Campaign:**

    · Clarity of message

    · Reach and engagement-includes target population

    · Effectiveness in changing behavior or attitudes

    · Use of evidence-based strategies

    · Cultural competence and inclusivity

    **Research and Analysis:**

    · Research each campaign thoroughly, considering both quantitative data (e.g., engagement rates, survey results) and qualitative aspects (e.g., narrative strength, audience feedback).

    · Compare the campaigns based on the criteria.

    **Critical Reflection:**

    · Reflect on the campaigns’ methodologies and identify areas where they excelled or could be improved.

    · Discuss the role of media advocacy in public health and how it complements other intervention strategies.

    **Prepare at least a three page report  summarizing your findings. Include:**

    · An introduction to the campaigns and why they were chosen.

    · A detailed comparison based on the criteria.

    · Based on your analysis, which campaign had a greater impact, and why?

    ·

    An older example of state initiatives to use as a possible guide. This is just an example of older campaigns.

    **Examplesbystate1009.pdf**

    Newer campaigns can be found via this link.
    [CDC Featured Campaigns](https://www.cdc.gov/health-communication/php/communication-resources/featured-campaigns.html)

    **Comments ( Article Critique Loneliness in Young people by Marquez1 et al)**

    Additionally, the authors advocate for local-level interventions, but do not specify what these might look like. A stronger link to implementation science (e.g., CFIR) could enhance applicability to other geographic regions.

    **## BehavioralandSocialAspectsofPublicHealth-FinaLPaperinstructions.docx**

    2

    ## **Final Paper Topic Suggestions!**

    As you select your topic please keep in mind that it should be something you are interested in and will enjoy researching!

    · It should relate to what was covered in our class. For example your paper should Integrate relevant theories and models of health behavior, such as the Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory, or the Social Ecological Model, to explain the social and behavioral factors influencing the public health topic you selected.

    · Analyze Social and Behavioral Factors: Examine how social determinants, cultural norms, health beliefs, and individual behaviors contributed to this public health topic.

    These sites may help you select a topic.

    [Topics & Issues in Public Health](https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues)

    [John Hopkins School of Public Health](https://publichealth.jhu.edu/topics)

    Very broad topics

    · Bioethics.

    · Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)

    · Climate change.

    · Deafness and other communication disorders.

    · Eye disease, vision health and blindness.

    · Global health security.

    · Household air pollution.

    · Implementation science.

    ##### RESEARCH PAPER REQUIREMENTS

    The research paper should be no longer than 8 double spaced pages, including references and title page. All graphs, charts etc. should not be included in the page count and should appear in the Appendix. Your paper should be double-spaced, formatted in Times Roman font, 12 points, with one inch all around and adhere to the APA7 format.

    Avoid using first person, this is not the place for personal recommendations or viewpoints. The recommendations should be based in research.

    Proofread your papers for typographical errors and grammar. Poor grammar reduces the readability of your paper and will have a negative impact on your grade.

    The cover page should include a) Title of the assignment, b) Your name, c) The date, d) Course Number and Course name, e) Instructor Name.

    The research paper should include the following headings/sections:

    ##### Ø Introduction

    · This section should provide an overview of the health issue, include a brief description of the overall purpose of the paper, and write the significance of doing this project.

    · What are the goals and objectives of the project?

    ##### o  Do not select a health issue that has a strong genetic determinant as you will have little opportunity to discuss behavioral factors.

    · Health Issue (Review and synthesize of pertinent literature)

    · Discuss the specific health problem/issue

    · Provide a demographic description of the population including prevalence of the disease or condition for that population.

    · How does this disease/condition affect the population? Think about disease, disability, health care expenses, and death.

    ##### Ø Introduction

    · This section should provide an overview of the health issue, include a brief description of the overall purpose of the paper, and write the significance of doing this project.

    · What are the goals and objectives of the project?

    ##### Ø Analysis of the Problem

    · Conduct a literature search to identify and explain factors (positive and negative) that influence the problem at different ecological levels, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and societal levels.

    · Discuss the relationship between the biological pathway and the major behavioral factors influencing the disease process and/or health outcome.

    · Do not use the example that is analyzed in the textbook by ecological levels. You may use it as a guide.

    ##### Ø Integration of the health issue and target population

    · Plan an intervention to address the problem. What can be done to prevent and reduce the health problem in this population?

    · Explain how cultural and social behaviors serve as risk and/or protective factors for the specific population contributing to the control and/or occurrence of the health condition.

    · Identify positive negative factors related to social and cultural behaviors

    · Depending on your intervention, identify a theoretical model that is applicable to your project. Discuss how this model may help to change the behavior of the population.

    · Provide clear description of major tasks, action steps, or products that will be delivered to achieve the goals and outcomes

    · Identify resources (Personnel, infrastructure) that you will need to get this project off the ground and make it sustainable

    · Please make sure that your plans/actions align with your objectives

    ##### Ø Discussion, conclusions and recommendations

    · Summarize the literature and your conclusions about the relationship between the population and the specific health pattern

    · Make recommendations regarding what could be done to prevent and reduce the health problem in this population and how lessons learned in this population could be applied to other populations or the nation.

    · Discuss how lessons learned in this population may be applied to other populations or the nation.

    · The recommendations should address some of the negative factors that are hindering successful implementation of the project.

    ##### Ø References Cited

    · A minimum of 6 citations from several peer-reviewed journals articles within the last 10 years are required, in addition to other reputable sources like government agency, such as the CDC, WHO or NIH.

    · Use the American Psychological Association (APA) style (7th. Edition)

    · DO NOT use Wikipedia and other non-quality sources.

    ## **Presentation Guidelines-Slides and in Class Presentation**

    Print

    [The guidelines below are copied almost verbatim from the Public Health Conference 2024 presentation guidelines. I did this as if you were preparing to present at the 6th annual international Public Health Conference. They are clear, concise and very helpful.](https://publichealthconferences.com/)

    Slides

    1. Your slides should use light color letters (Yellow and White) on a dark background. It will make your presentation easily readable.

    2. Use 36pt or bigger for headings and 24pt or bigger for body text. Recommended fonts are Arial and Sans Serif.

    3. Better to avoid using different styles (eg: Italic fonts) of fonts that are difficult to read from the distance.

    4. Plan to cover 6-8 points/sentences per slide while keeping the number of words to a maximum of 8-10. This is very important as points will be deducted for info in paragraph form on your slides.

    5. It is recommended to use 10-12 slides per presentation.

    6. Keep it simple, Illustrate major points. It is advised not to use every detail of what you have to say.

    7. Be sure your slides are free of grammatical and spelling errors.

    8. Once the presentation is prepared, proofread with care to content.

    Presentation

    1. You will be given 5 minutes for presentation and 3 minutes for Q & A.

    2. Do not spend more than 1 minute per slide.

    3. Speak slowly, clearly and loudly.

    4. Practice, practice and practice with attention to the content and time; to deliver a better presentation.

    5. Each unique session will be awarded the session’s best presentation. Following criteria will be used to evaluate your presentation.

    · Preparation (Delivery, Demeanor, Organization, Timing) (15)

    · Content (50)

    · Visual Aids (20)

    · Ability to Ask and Answer Questions (15)

    **Examplesbystate1009.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/examplesbystate1009-pdf)

    **## Assignment4.docx**

    Assignment 4-Corrected Version 7/10

    **Assignment Instructions**

    Read carefully and follow instructions.

    Advocacy includes a broad range of activities which attempt to influence a specific behavior, policy, legislative, regulatory or implementation outcome. Public health officials can play critical roles in the advocacy process, handling policy analysis, issue development, community education, constituency organizing, lobbying, legal class actions, or creating an entire advocacy campaign.

    **Title:** _Analyzing and Comparing Public Health Media Advocacy Campaigns: A Study in Effectiveness_

    **Objectives:**

    · To develop critical analytical skills in evaluating public health advocacy campaigns.

    · To understand the strategies used in media advocacy and their impact on public health outcomes.

    **Assignment Instructions:**

    **Campaign Selection:**

    · Choose two public health media advocacy campaigns that focus on
    **similar issues** (e.g., anti-smoking, mental health awareness, or obesity prevention, harm reduction, environmental health).

    · Make sure to provide links or references to their campaign materials, such as videos, social media posts, and promotional content in your list of references.

    **Criteria to Evaluate Advocacy Campaign:**

    · Clarity of message

    · Reach and engagement-includes target population

    · Effectiveness in changing behavior or attitudes

    · Use of evidence-based strategies

    · Cultural competence and inclusivity

    **Research and Analysis:**

    · Research each campaign thoroughly, considering both quantitative data (e.g., engagement rates, survey results) and qualitative aspects (e.g., narrative strength, audience feedback).

    · Compare the campaigns based on the criteria.

    **Critical Reflection:**

    · Reflect on the campaigns’ methodologies and identify areas where they excelled or could be improved.

    · Discuss the role of media advocacy in public health and how it complements other intervention strategies.

    **Prepare at least a three page report  summarizing your findings. Include:**

    · An introduction to the campaigns and why they were chosen.

    · A detailed comparison based on the criteria.

    · Based on your analysis, which campaign had a greater impact, and why?

    ·

    An older example of state initiatives to use as a possible guide. This is just an example of older campaigns.

    **Examplesbystate1009.pdf**

    Newer campaigns can be found via this link.
    [CDC Featured Campaigns](https://www.cdc.gov/health-communication/php/communication-resources/featured-campaigns.html)

    **Comments ( Article Critique Loneliness in Young people by Marquez1 et al)**

    Additionally, the authors advocate for local-level interventions, but do not specify what these might look like. A stronger link to implementation science (e.g., CFIR) could enhance applicability to other geographic regions.

    **## BehavioralandSocialAspectsofPublicHealth-FinaLPaperinstructions.docx**

    2

    ## **Final Paper Topic Suggestions!**

    As you select your topic please keep in mind that it should be something you are interested in and will enjoy researching!

    · It should relate to what was covered in our class. For example your paper should Integrate relevant theories and models of health behavior, such as the Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory, or the Social Ecological Model, to explain the social and behavioral factors influencing the public health topic you selected.

    · Analyze Social and Behavioral Factors: Examine how social determinants, cultural norms, health beliefs, and individual behaviors contributed to this public health topic.

    These sites may help you select a topic.

    [Topics & Issues in Public Health](https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues)

    [John Hopkins School of Public Health](https://publichealth.jhu.edu/topics)

    Very broad topics

    · Bioethics.

    · Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)

    · Climate change.

    · Deafness and other communication disorders.

    · Eye disease, vision health and blindness.

    · Global health security.

    · Household air pollution.

    · Implementation science.

    ##### RESEARCH PAPER REQUIREMENTS

    The research paper should be no longer than 8 double spaced pages, including references and title page. All graphs, charts etc. should not be included in the page count and should appear in the Appendix. Your paper should be double-spaced, formatted in Times Roman font, 12 points, with one inch all around and adhere to the APA7 format.

    Avoid using first person, this is not the place for personal recommendations or viewpoints. The recommendations should be based in research.

    Proofread your papers for typographical errors and grammar. Poor grammar reduces the readability of your paper and will have a negative impact on your grade.

    The cover page should include a) Title of the assignment, b) Your name, c) The date, d) Course Number and Course name, e) Instructor Name.

    The research paper should include the following headings/sections:

    ##### Ø Introduction

    · This section should provide an overview of the health issue, include a brief description of the overall purpose of the paper, and write the significance of doing this project.

    · What are the goals and objectives of the project?

    ##### o  Do not select a health issue that has a strong genetic determinant as you will have little opportunity to discuss behavioral factors.

    · Health Issue (Review and synthesize of pertinent literature)

    · Discuss the specific health problem/issue

    · Provide a demographic description of the population including prevalence of the disease or condition for that population.

    · How does this disease/condition affect the population? Think about disease, disability, health care expenses, and death.

    ##### Ø Introduction

    · This section should provide an overview of the health issue, include a brief description of the overall purpose of the paper, and write the significance of doing this project.

    · What are the goals and objectives of the project?

    ##### Ø Analysis of the Problem

    · Conduct a literature search to identify and explain factors (positive and negative) that influence the problem at different ecological levels, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and societal levels.

    · Discuss the relationship between the biological pathway and the major behavioral factors influencing the disease process and/or health outcome.

    · Do not use the example that is analyzed in the textbook by ecological levels. You may use it as a guide.

    ##### Ø Integration of the health issue and target population

    · Plan an intervention to address the problem. What can be done to prevent and reduce the health problem in this population?

    · Explain how cultural and social behaviors serve as risk and/or protective factors for the specific population contributing to the control and/or occurrence of the health condition.

    · Identify positive negative factors related to social and cultural behaviors

    · Depending on your intervention, identify a theoretical model that is applicable to your project. Discuss how this model may help to change the behavior of the population.

    · Provide clear description of major tasks, action steps, or products that will be delivered to achieve the goals and outcomes

    · Identify resources (Personnel, infrastructure) that you will need to get this project off the ground and make it sustainable

    · Please make sure that your plans/actions align with your objectives

    ##### Ø Discussion, conclusions and recommendations

    · Summarize the literature and your conclusions about the relationship between the population and the specific health pattern

    · Make recommendations regarding what could be done to prevent and reduce the health problem in this population and how lessons learned in this population could be applied to other populations or the nation.

    · Discuss how lessons learned in this population may be applied to other populations or the nation.

    · The recommendations should address some of the negative factors that are hindering successful implementation of the project.

    ##### Ø References Cited

    · A minimum of 6 citations from several peer-reviewed journals articles within the last 10 years are required, in addition to other reputable sources like government agency, such as the CDC, WHO or NIH.

    · Use the American Psychological Association (APA) style (7th. Edition)

    · DO NOT use Wikipedia and other non-quality sources.

    ## **Presentation Guidelines-Slides and in Class Presentation**

    Print

    [The guidelines below are copied almost verbatim from the Public Health Conference 2024 presentation guidelines. I did this as if you were preparing to present at the 6th annual international Public Health Conference. They are clear, concise and very helpful.](https://publichealthconferences.com/)

    Slides

    1. Your slides should use light color letters (Yellow and White) on a dark background. It will make your presentation easily readable.

    2. Use 36pt or bigger for headings and 24pt or bigger for body text. Recommended fonts are Arial and Sans Serif.

    3. Better to avoid using different styles (eg: Italic fonts) of fonts that are difficult to read from the distance.

    4. Plan to cover 6-8 points/sentences per slide while keeping the number of words to a maximum of 8-10. This is very important as points will be deducted for info in paragraph form on your slides.

    5. It is recommended to use 10-12 slides per presentation.

    6. Keep it simple, Illustrate major points. It is advised not to use every detail of what you have to say.

    7. Be sure your slides are free of grammatical and spelling errors.

    8. Once the presentation is prepared, proofread with care to content.

    Presentation

    1. You will be given 5 minutes for presentation and 3 minutes for Q & A.

    2. Do not spend more than 1 minute per slide.

    3. Speak slowly, clearly and loudly.

    4. Practice, practice and practice with attention to the content and time; to deliver a better presentation.

    5. Each unique session will be awarded the session’s best presentation. Following criteria will be used to evaluate your presentation.

    · Preparation (Delivery, Demeanor, Organization, Timing) (15)

    · Content (50)

    · Visual Aids (20)

    · Ability to Ask and Answer Questions (15)

    **Examplesbystate1009.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/examplesbystate1009-pdf)

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