Assignment Prompt & Instructions
see attachment
– ## HSmodule4asig1.docx
– ## HSMODULE4CLASS.pptx
**## HSmodule4asig1.docx**
_Develop a Brochure_
**Instructions**
1. View the PowerPoint presentation for this module and seek information from additional academic resources.
2. Think about what kind of information you would like to receive to guide you on the topics discussed in this module. Think about how we can educate others about human sexuality through science. Consider what information you would have liked to learn more about erotic behavior, sexual diversity, paraphilias, and others. Choose a specific topic from those discussed in the module or related for this assignment (Example: Guidance material on paraphilias).
3. Search academic and scientific resources for information on new research and findings on the selected topic. Summarize the most important points and design the brochure. Remember to create the brochure with scientific information in mind that can be used to educate and provide guidance on the topic you selected.
4. You can create the brochure using Microsoft Word or Publisher.
Contribute a minimum of 2 – 4 pages. It should include at least 2 academic sources, formatted and cited in APA.
Be sure to review the
[academic expectations](https://agmu.instructure.com/courses/1876/pages/expectations-and-best-practices-for-assignments) for your submission.
**Submission Instructions:**
· Submit your assignment by 11:59 PM Eastern on Sunday.
· Review the rubric to determine how your assignment will be graded.
· Your assignment will be run through Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
**## HSMODULE4CLASS.pptx**
Module 4
Erotic Behavior and Sexual Disorders
PSYC 360
Huamana Sexuality Seminar
Objectives
At the end of the module the student will:
Distinguish and analyze the key differences in defining typical and atypical behavior in human sexuality, and examine the various manifestations.
Raise awareness and evaluate the different sources of influence on how we define and perceive erotic behavior and sexual diversity in people.
In the previous modules we discussed the basic concepts of the study of human sexuality, as well as the biological, sociological and psychological factors that influence its formation. In this module we shift the focus to understanding what is erotic, how sexual behaviors vary, and the diversity of acts that cause pleasure. In order to explore these types of behavior, it is necessary to define how psychology distinguishes what is normal and what mental disorders are associated with sexuality.
In this module we explore what is erotic behavior and the diversity of sexual behavior in individuals. Included in this exploration is behavior associated and not associated with mental disorders, based on scientific evidence.
Introduction
In general, psychology has been evolving as a scientific discipline to avoid personal prejudices influencing what is established as a mental disorder. In order to explain what is typical or atypical behavior, psychology focuses on the concept of adaptive behavior.
The objective way to study human behavior is through the scientific method and with respect for cultural and individual diversity.
In short, if the behavior does not harm others or oneself, there is no problem of mental disorder. The concept of normal is socially constructed
What is Normal?
Adaptive behavior refers to the level of daily performance of tasks required for a person to fulfill typical roles in society, including maintaining independence and meeting cultural expectations regarding personal and social responsibility.
Specific categories in which adaptive behavior is generally assessed include self-help, mobility, health care, communication, household skills, consumer skills, community use, practical academic skills, and vocational skills.
Limitations in adaptive behavior are one of the criteria for diagnosis or classification of intellectual disability and for determining legal competency.
Adaptive Behavior
Excitement and Eroticism
Sexual arousal occurs when different stimuli and factors are mixed together. The brain, hormones and our five senses all play an important role. The brain is your largest sexual organ, it is where sexual arousal and response is controlled. The level of control and how you respond varies greatly.
The production of neurotransmitters, the substances that transmit signals between nerve cells, is key to sexual desire. Dopamine increases arousal and increases the likelihood of sexual behavior. Serotonin has the opposite effect.
Las fantasías de índole sexual son imágenes e historias de conducta sexual que no se limitan al mundo real, ni a la situación actual de la persona. Son ideas que van más allá de la gratificación física y pueden relacionarse a nuestras necesidades psicológicas.
Un estudio con 4,175 participantes americanos encontró que el 89%de los participantes habían tenido la fantasía de tener un trío sexual. Se cree que ese tipo de fantasía puede estar relacionado a un deseo de ser admirados, ser el centro de atención o sentirse que son atractivos, y que sus habilidades sexuales son buenas.
Nuestras necesidades psicológicas cambian en las distintas etapas de desarrollo al igual que las fantasías sexuales.
Sexual Fantasies
Masturbation refers to the manipulation of our sexual organs, such as the penis or clitoris, for sexual gratification. The act is usually related to sexual fantasies and the use of other means of stimulation (videos, toys, among others). It is a way to relieve sexual tension, reduce stress, induce pleasure, relaxation and satisfaction. People of all genders and sexual orientations explore their bodies through masturbation. Children, on occasion, do so as well. With children, the problem is not masturbation that occurs naturally and out of curiosity about their bodies. It becomes a problem if the act is induced by an adult, or they are presented with pornographic material with the intent of abuse.
There is a lot of negative stigma against masturbation, and it is an act that sometimes conflates with cultural and religious teachings. But, considering that it is a safe act that rarely has negative consequences to the individual, psychology considers it a normal and healthy activity.
Masturbation
The DSM-5 makes a distinction between uncommon sexual behaviors that do not cause harm to self or others (some paraphilias), and those that do (paraphilic disorder). It is important to distinguish whether the paraphilia causes distress and discomfort to the individual, regardless of whether it is harmful in general or not.
A paraphilia represents an unusual sexual interest that does not necessarily require treatment.
A paraphilic disorder is different in that it is an unusual sexual interest that causes distress or personal discomfort to the individual and others. It represents a persistent pattern of problematic behavior.
The distinction is very important and a sign of progress in the discipline, as it seeks to avoid discrimination and negative stigma for people with unusual sexual interests that do not cause harm or distress.
Paraphilias
Paraphilic (coercive/victimizing) disorders:
Sexual sadism disorder
Pedophilia disorder
Paraphilias (Non-coercive/non-victimizing):
Masochism (consensual)
Fetishism
Examples of Paraphilias and Paraphilic Disorders
A sexual dysfunction is in cases in which some sexual problem is persistent and causes distress to the person or to the couple's life.
Having a sex life with little satisfaction does not mean that the person has a sexual disorder or dysfunction.
There are many physical illnesses that can cause problems in your sexual functioning. A physical illness is not the same as a sexual dysfunction, but it may be related to the psychological effect it has.
Sexual Dysfunction
Types of Sexual Dysfunction
Problems with arousal
Problems with orgasm
Problems with desire
Sexual Dysfunction
Problems with pain (painful intercourse)
Desire problems:
Hypoactive male sexual desire disorder
Disorder of female sexual interest/excitation
Excitation problems:
Persistent genital arousal disorder
Erectile disorder/erectile dysfunction
Orgasm problems:
Premature orgasm
Orgasmic Disorder/Delayed Ejaculation
Pain problems:
Penetration disorder/genito-pelvic pain
Vaginismus
Examples of Disorders Associated With Sexual Dysfunction
Behavioral Approach
The goal is to change the way people deal with sex and change what causes them stress from intercourse to pleasure.
Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
Cognitive behavioral sex therapy combines the behavioral approach with theories of cognition. It focuses on the thoughts and feelings behind sexual behaviors.
Other (Pharmacotherapy/Sexual surrogacy)
Sexual surrogacy involves cases in which the client is provided with a "practice" or surrogate individual to achieve the goals of therapy. For example, a client with a physical disability. It is a controversial technique, considered unethical (possibly illegal) and underutilized.
Management and Treatment: Sex Therapy
Mental health professionals must have vast knowledge about human sexuality in order to help others. Sometimes our experiences and upbringing can intervene with the impartiality necessary to be a behavioral scientist. Understanding issues related to eroticism, nontraditional sexual behaviors, and sexual dysfunction are necessary to understand more about the type of sexual experience people seek.
This fourth module is aimed at investigating the diversity of sexual behaviors, what motivates us sexually, and the ways in which psychology as a discipline seeks to define sexual dysfunction.
Summary
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/
Lehmiller, J. J. (2018). Tell Me What You Want: The Science of Sexual Desire and How It Can Help You Improve Your Sex Life. Boston, MA: Da Capo.
Lehmiller, J. J. (2017). The Psychology of Human Sexuality. Second edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
References
## image1.png
## image2.png
## image4.png
## image5.png
**## HSMODULE4CLASS.pptx**
Module 4
Erotic Behavior and Sexual Disorders
PSYC 360
Huamana Sexuality Seminar
Objectives
At the end of the module the student will:
Distinguish and analyze the key differences in defining typical and atypical behavior in human sexuality, and examine the various manifestations.
Raise awareness and evaluate the different sources of influence on how we define and perceive erotic behavior and sexual diversity in people.
In the previous modules we discussed the basic concepts of the study of human sexuality, as well as the biological, sociological and psychological factors that influence its formation. In this module we shift the focus to understanding what is erotic, how sexual behaviors vary, and the diversity of acts that cause pleasure. In order to explore these types of behavior, it is necessary to define how psychology distinguishes what is normal and what mental disorders are associated with sexuality.
In this module we explore what is erotic behavior and the diversity of sexual behavior in individuals. Included in this exploration is behavior associated and not associated with mental disorders, based on scientific evidence.
Introduction
In general, psychology has been evolving as a scientific discipline to avoid personal prejudices influencing what is established as a mental disorder. In order to explain what is typical or atypical behavior, psychology focuses on the concept of adaptive behavior.
The objective way to study human behavior is through the scientific method and with respect for cultural and individual diversity.
In short, if the behavior does not harm others or oneself, there is no problem of mental disorder. The concept of normal is socially constructed
What is Normal?
Adaptive behavior refers to the level of daily performance of tasks required for a person to fulfill typical roles in society, including maintaining independence and meeting cultural expectations regarding personal and social responsibility.
Specific categories in which adaptive behavior is generally assessed include self-help, mobility, health care, communication, household skills, consumer skills, community use, practical academic skills, and vocational skills.
Limitations in adaptive behavior are one of the criteria for diagnosis or classification of intellectual disability and for determining legal competency.
Adaptive Behavior
Excitement and Eroticism
Sexual arousal occurs when different stimuli and factors are mixed together. The brain, hormones and our five senses all play an important role. The brain is your largest sexual organ, it is where sexual arousal and response is controlled. The level of control and how you respond varies greatly.
The production of neurotransmitters, the substances that transmit signals between nerve cells, is key to sexual desire. Dopamine increases arousal and increases the likelihood of sexual behavior. Serotonin has the opposite effect.
Las fantasías de índole sexual son imágenes e historias de conducta sexual que no se limitan al mundo real, ni a la situación actual de la persona. Son ideas que van más allá de la gratificación física y pueden relacionarse a nuestras necesidades psicológicas.
Un estudio con 4,175 participantes americanos encontró que el 89%de los participantes habían tenido la fantasía de tener un trío sexual. Se cree que ese tipo de fantasía puede estar relacionado a un deseo de ser admirados, ser el centro de atención o sentirse que son atractivos, y que sus habilidades sexuales son buenas.
Nuestras necesidades psicológicas cambian en las distintas etapas de desarrollo al igual que las fantasías sexuales.
Sexual Fantasies
Masturbation refers to the manipulation of our sexual organs, such as the penis or clitoris, for sexual gratification. The act is usually related to sexual fantasies and the use of other means of stimulation (videos, toys, among others). It is a way to relieve sexual tension, reduce stress, induce pleasure, relaxation and satisfaction. People of all genders and sexual orientations explore their bodies through masturbation. Children, on occasion, do so as well. With children, the problem is not masturbation that occurs naturally and out of curiosity about their bodies. It becomes a problem if the act is induced by an adult, or they are presented with pornographic material with the intent of abuse.
There is a lot of negative stigma against masturbation, and it is an act that sometimes conflates with cultural and religious teachings. But, considering that it is a safe act that rarely has negative consequences to the individual, psychology considers it a normal and healthy activity.
Masturbation
The DSM-5 makes a distinction between uncommon sexual behaviors that do not cause harm to self or others (some paraphilias), and those that do (paraphilic disorder). It is important to distinguish whether the paraphilia causes distress and discomfort to the individual, regardless of whether it is harmful in general or not.
A paraphilia represents an unusual sexual interest that does not necessarily require treatment.
A paraphilic disorder is different in that it is an unusual sexual interest that causes distress or personal discomfort to the individual and others. It represents a persistent pattern of problematic behavior.
The distinction is very important and a sign of progress in the discipline, as it seeks to avoid discrimination and negative stigma for people with unusual sexual interests that do not cause harm or distress.
Paraphilias
Paraphilic (coercive/victimizing) disorders:
Sexual sadism disorder
Pedophilia disorder
Paraphilias (Non-coercive/non-victimizing):
Masochism (consensual)
Fetishism
Examples of Paraphilias and Paraphilic Disorders
A sexual dysfunction is in cases in which some sexual problem is persistent and causes distress to the person or to the couple's life.
Having a sex life with little satisfaction does not mean that the person has a sexual disorder or dysfunction.
There are many physical illnesses that can cause problems in your sexual functioning. A physical illness is not the same as a sexual dysfunction, but it may be related to the psychological effect it has.
Sexual Dysfunction
Types of Sexual Dysfunction
Problems with arousal
Problems with orgasm
Problems with desire
Sexual Dysfunction
Problems with pain (painful intercourse)
Desire problems:
Hypoactive male sexual desire disorder
Disorder of female sexual interest/excitation
Excitation problems:
Persistent genital arousal disorder
Erectile disorder/erectile dysfunction
Orgasm problems:
Premature orgasm
Orgasmic Disorder/Delayed Ejaculation
Pain problems:
Penetration disorder/genito-pelvic pain
Vaginismus
Examples of Disorders Associated With Sexual Dysfunction
Behavioral Approach
The goal is to change the way people deal with sex and change what causes them stress from intercourse to pleasure.
Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
Cognitive behavioral sex therapy combines the behavioral approach with theories of cognition. It focuses on the thoughts and feelings behind sexual behaviors.
Other (Pharmacotherapy/Sexual surrogacy)
Sexual surrogacy involves cases in which the client is provided with a "practice" or surrogate individual to achieve the goals of therapy. For example, a client with a physical disability. It is a controversial technique, considered unethical (possibly illegal) and underutilized.
Management and Treatment: Sex Therapy
Mental health professionals must have vast knowledge about human sexuality in order to help others. Sometimes our experiences and upbringing can intervene with the impartiality necessary to be a behavioral scientist. Understanding issues related to eroticism, nontraditional sexual behaviors, and sexual dysfunction are necessary to understand more about the type of sexual experience people seek.
This fourth module is aimed at investigating the diversity of sexual behaviors, what motivates us sexually, and the ways in which psychology as a discipline seeks to define sexual dysfunction.
Summary
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/
Lehmiller, J. J. (2018). Tell Me What You Want: The Science of Sexual Desire and How It Can Help You Improve Your Sex Life. Boston, MA: Da Capo.
Lehmiller, J. J. (2017). The Psychology of Human Sexuality. Second edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
References
## image1.png
## image2.png
## image4.png
## image5.png
**## HSmodule4asig1.docx**
_Develop a Brochure_
**Instructions**
1. View the PowerPoint presentation for this module and seek information from additional academic resources.
2. Think about what kind of information you would like to receive to guide you on the topics discussed in this module. Think about how we can educate others about human sexuality through science. Consider what information you would have liked to learn more about erotic behavior, sexual diversity, paraphilias, and others. Choose a specific topic from those discussed in the module or related for this assignment (Example: Guidance material on paraphilias).
3. Search academic and scientific resources for information on new research and findings on the selected topic. Summarize the most important points and design the brochure. Remember to create the brochure with scientific information in mind that can be used to educate and provide guidance on the topic you selected.
4. You can create the brochure using Microsoft Word or Publisher.
Contribute a minimum of 2 – 4 pages. It should include at least 2 academic sources, formatted and cited in APA.
Be sure to review the
[academic expectations](https://agmu.instructure.com/courses/1876/pages/expectations-and-best-practices-for-assignments) for your submission.
**Submission Instructions:**
· Submit your assignment by 11:59 PM Eastern on Sunday.
· Review the rubric to determine how your assignment will be graded.
· Your assignment will be run through Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
**## HSMODULE4CLASS.pptx**
Module 4
Erotic Behavior and Sexual Disorders
PSYC 360
Huamana Sexuality Seminar
Objectives
At the end of the module the student will:
Distinguish and analyze the key differences in defining typical and atypical behavior in human sexuality, and examine the various manifestations.
Raise awareness and evaluate the different sources of influence on how we define and perceive erotic behavior and sexual diversity in people.
In the previous modules we discussed the basic concepts of the study of human sexuality, as well as the biological, sociological and psychological factors that influence its formation. In this module we shift the focus to understanding what is erotic, how sexual behaviors vary, and the diversity of acts that cause pleasure. In order to explore these types of behavior, it is necessary to define how psychology distinguishes what is normal and what mental disorders are associated with sexuality.
In this module we explore what is erotic behavior and the diversity of sexual behavior in individuals. Included in this exploration is behavior associated and not associated with mental disorders, based on scientific evidence.
Introduction
In general, psychology has been evolving as a scientific discipline to avoid personal prejudices influencing what is established as a mental disorder. In order to explain what is typical or atypical behavior, psychology focuses on the concept of adaptive behavior.
The objective way to study human behavior is through the scientific method and with respect for cultural and individual diversity.
In short, if the behavior does not harm others or oneself, there is no problem of mental disorder. The concept of normal is socially constructed
What is Normal?
Adaptive behavior refers to the level of daily performance of tasks required for a person to fulfill typical roles in society, including maintaining independence and meeting cultural expectations regarding personal and social responsibility.
Specific categories in which adaptive behavior is generally assessed include self-help, mobility, health care, communication, household skills, consumer skills, community use, practical academic skills, and vocational skills.
Limitations in adaptive behavior are one of the criteria for diagnosis or classification of intellectual disability and for determining legal competency.
Adaptive Behavior
Excitement and Eroticism
Sexual arousal occurs when different stimuli and factors are mixed together. The brain, hormones and our five senses all play an important role. The brain is your largest sexual organ, it is where sexual arousal and response is controlled. The level of control and how you respond varies greatly.
The production of neurotransmitters, the substances that transmit signals between nerve cells, is key to sexual desire. Dopamine increases arousal and increases the likelihood of sexual behavior. Serotonin has the opposite effect.
Las fantasías de índole sexual son imágenes e historias de conducta sexual que no se limitan al mundo real, ni a la situación actual de la persona. Son ideas que van más allá de la gratificación física y pueden relacionarse a nuestras necesidades psicológicas.
Un estudio con 4,175 participantes americanos encontró que el 89%de los participantes habían tenido la fantasía de tener un trío sexual. Se cree que ese tipo de fantasía puede estar relacionado a un deseo de ser admirados, ser el centro de atención o sentirse que son atractivos, y que sus habilidades sexuales son buenas.
Nuestras necesidades psicológicas cambian en las distintas etapas de desarrollo al igual que las fantasías sexuales.
Sexual Fantasies
Masturbation refers to the manipulation of our sexual organs, such as the penis or clitoris, for sexual gratification. The act is usually related to sexual fantasies and the use of other means of stimulation (videos, toys, among others). It is a way to relieve sexual tension, reduce stress, induce pleasure, relaxation and satisfaction. People of all genders and sexual orientations explore their bodies through masturbation. Children, on occasion, do so as well. With children, the problem is not masturbation that occurs naturally and out of curiosity about their bodies. It becomes a problem if the act is induced by an adult, or they are presented with pornographic material with the intent of abuse.
There is a lot of negative stigma against masturbation, and it is an act that sometimes conflates with cultural and religious teachings. But, considering that it is a safe act that rarely has negative consequences to the individual, psychology considers it a normal and healthy activity.
Masturbation
The DSM-5 makes a distinction between uncommon sexual behaviors that do not cause harm to self or others (some paraphilias), and those that do (paraphilic disorder). It is important to distinguish whether the paraphilia causes distress and discomfort to the individual, regardless of whether it is harmful in general or not.
A paraphilia represents an unusual sexual interest that does not necessarily require treatment.
A paraphilic disorder is different in that it is an unusual sexual interest that causes distress or personal discomfort to the individual and others. It represents a persistent pattern of problematic behavior.
The distinction is very important and a sign of progress in the discipline, as it seeks to avoid discrimination and negative stigma for people with unusual sexual interests that do not cause harm or distress.
Paraphilias
Paraphilic (coercive/victimizing) disorders:
Sexual sadism disorder
Pedophilia disorder
Paraphilias (Non-coercive/non-victimizing):
Masochism (consensual)
Fetishism
Examples of Paraphilias and Paraphilic Disorders
A sexual dysfunction is in cases in which some sexual problem is persistent and causes distress to the person or to the couple's life.
Having a sex life with little satisfaction does not mean that the person has a sexual disorder or dysfunction.
There are many physical illnesses that can cause problems in your sexual functioning. A physical illness is not the same as a sexual dysfunction, but it may be related to the psychological effect it has.
Sexual Dysfunction
Types of Sexual Dysfunction
Problems with arousal
Problems with orgasm
Problems with desire
Sexual Dysfunction
Problems with pain (painful intercourse)
Desire problems:
Hypoactive male sexual desire disorder
Disorder of female sexual interest/excitation
Excitation problems:
Persistent genital arousal disorder
Erectile disorder/erectile dysfunction
Orgasm problems:
Premature orgasm
Orgasmic Disorder/Delayed Ejaculation
Pain problems:
Penetration disorder/genito-pelvic pain
Vaginismus
Examples of Disorders Associated With Sexual Dysfunction
Behavioral Approach
The goal is to change the way people deal with sex and change what causes them stress from intercourse to pleasure.
Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
Cognitive behavioral sex therapy combines the behavioral approach with theories of cognition. It focuses on the thoughts and feelings behind sexual behaviors.
Other (Pharmacotherapy/Sexual surrogacy)
Sexual surrogacy involves cases in which the client is provided with a "practice" or surrogate individual to achieve the goals of therapy. For example, a client with a physical disability. It is a controversial technique, considered unethical (possibly illegal) and underutilized.
Management and Treatment: Sex Therapy
Mental health professionals must have vast knowledge about human sexuality in order to help others. Sometimes our experiences and upbringing can intervene with the impartiality necessary to be a behavioral scientist. Understanding issues related to eroticism, nontraditional sexual behaviors, and sexual dysfunction are necessary to understand more about the type of sexual experience people seek.
This fourth module is aimed at investigating the diversity of sexual behaviors, what motivates us sexually, and the ways in which psychology as a discipline seeks to define sexual dysfunction.
Summary
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/
Lehmiller, J. J. (2018). Tell Me What You Want: The Science of Sexual Desire and How It Can Help You Improve Your Sex Life. Boston, MA: Da Capo.
Lehmiller, J. J. (2017). The Psychology of Human Sexuality. Second edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
References
## image1.png
## image2.png
## image4.png
## image5.png
**## HSmodule4asig1.docx**
_Develop a Brochure_
**Instructions**
1. View the PowerPoint presentation for this module and seek information from additional academic resources.
2. Think about what kind of information you would like to receive to guide you on the topics discussed in this module. Think about how we can educate others about human sexuality through science. Consider what information you would have liked to learn more about erotic behavior, sexual diversity, paraphilias, and others. Choose a specific topic from those discussed in the module or related for this assignment (Example: Guidance material on paraphilias).
3. Search academic and scientific resources for information on new research and findings on the selected topic. Summarize the most important points and design the brochure. Remember to create the brochure with scientific information in mind that can be used to educate and provide guidance on the topic you selected.
4. You can create the brochure using Microsoft Word or Publisher.
Contribute a minimum of 2 – 4 pages. It should include at least 2 academic sources, formatted and cited in APA.
Be sure to review the
[academic expectations](https://agmu.instructure.com/courses/1876/pages/expectations-and-best-practices-for-assignments) for your submission.
**Submission Instructions:**
· Submit your assignment by 11:59 PM Eastern on Sunday.
· Review the rubric to determine how your assignment will be graded.
· Your assignment will be run through Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
**## HSMODULE4CLASS.pptx**
Module 4
Erotic Behavior and Sexual Disorders
PSYC 360
Huamana Sexuality Seminar
Objectives
At the end of the module the student will:
Distinguish and analyze the key differences in defining typical and atypical behavior in human sexuality, and examine the various manifestations.
Raise awareness and evaluate the different sources of influence on how we define and perceive erotic behavior and sexual diversity in people.
In the previous modules we discussed the basic concepts of the study of human sexuality, as well as the biological, sociological and psychological factors that influence its formation. In this module we shift the focus to understanding what is erotic, how sexual behaviors vary, and the diversity of acts that cause pleasure. In order to explore these types of behavior, it is necessary to define how psychology distinguishes what is normal and what mental disorders are associated with sexuality.
In this module we explore what is erotic behavior and the diversity of sexual behavior in individuals. Included in this exploration is behavior associated and not associated with mental disorders, based on scientific evidence.
Introduction
In general, psychology has been evolving as a scientific discipline to avoid personal prejudices influencing what is established as a mental disorder. In order to explain what is typical or atypical behavior, psychology focuses on the concept of adaptive behavior.
The objective way to study human behavior is through the scientific method and with respect for cultural and individual diversity.
In short, if the behavior does not harm others or oneself, there is no problem of mental disorder. The concept of normal is socially constructed
What is Normal?
Adaptive behavior refers to the level of daily performance of tasks required for a person to fulfill typical roles in society, including maintaining independence and meeting cultural expectations regarding personal and social responsibility.
Specific categories in which adaptive behavior is generally assessed include self-help, mobility, health care, communication, household skills, consumer skills, community use, practical academic skills, and vocational skills.
Limitations in adaptive behavior are one of the criteria for diagnosis or classification of intellectual disability and for determining legal competency.
Adaptive Behavior
Excitement and Eroticism
Sexual arousal occurs when different stimuli and factors are mixed together. The brain, hormones and our five senses all play an important role. The brain is your largest sexual organ, it is where sexual arousal and response is controlled. The level of control and how you respond varies greatly.
The production of neurotransmitters, the substances that transmit signals between nerve cells, is key to sexual desire. Dopamine increases arousal and increases the likelihood of sexual behavior. Serotonin has the opposite effect.
Las fantasías de índole sexual son imágenes e historias de conducta sexual que no se limitan al mundo real, ni a la situación actual de la persona. Son ideas que van más allá de la gratificación física y pueden relacionarse a nuestras necesidades psicológicas.
Un estudio con 4,175 participantes americanos encontró que el 89%de los participantes habían tenido la fantasía de tener un trío sexual. Se cree que ese tipo de fantasía puede estar relacionado a un deseo de ser admirados, ser el centro de atención o sentirse que son atractivos, y que sus habilidades sexuales son buenas.
Nuestras necesidades psicológicas cambian en las distintas etapas de desarrollo al igual que las fantasías sexuales.
Sexual Fantasies
Masturbation refers to the manipulation of our sexual organs, such as the penis or clitoris, for sexual gratification. The act is usually related to sexual fantasies and the use of other means of stimulation (videos, toys, among others). It is a way to relieve sexual tension, reduce stress, induce pleasure, relaxation and satisfaction. People of all genders and sexual orientations explore their bodies through masturbation. Children, on occasion, do so as well. With children, the problem is not masturbation that occurs naturally and out of curiosity about their bodies. It becomes a problem if the act is induced by an adult, or they are presented with pornographic material with the intent of abuse.
There is a lot of negative stigma against masturbation, and it is an act that sometimes conflates with cultural and religious teachings. But, considering that it is a safe act that rarely has negative consequences to the individual, psychology considers it a normal and healthy activity.
Masturbation
The DSM-5 makes a distinction between uncommon sexual behaviors that do not cause harm to self or others (some paraphilias), and those that do (paraphilic disorder). It is important to distinguish whether the paraphilia causes distress and discomfort to the individual, regardless of whether it is harmful in general or not.
A paraphilia represents an unusual sexual interest that does not necessarily require treatment.
A paraphilic disorder is different in that it is an unusual sexual interest that causes distress or personal discomfort to the individual and others. It represents a persistent pattern of problematic behavior.
The distinction is very important and a sign of progress in the discipline, as it seeks to avoid discrimination and negative stigma for people with unusual sexual interests that do not cause harm or distress.
Paraphilias
Paraphilic (coercive/victimizing) disorders:
Sexual sadism disorder
Pedophilia disorder
Paraphilias (Non-coercive/non-victimizing):
Masochism (consensual)
Fetishism
Examples of Paraphilias and Paraphilic Disorders
A sexual dysfunction is in cases in which some sexual problem is persistent and causes distress to the person or to the couple's life.
Having a sex life with little satisfaction does not mean that the person has a sexual disorder or dysfunction.
There are many physical illnesses that can cause problems in your sexual functioning. A physical illness is not the same as a sexual dysfunction, but it may be related to the psychological effect it has.
Sexual Dysfunction
Types of Sexual Dysfunction
Problems with arousal
Problems with orgasm
Problems with desire
Sexual Dysfunction
Problems with pain (painful intercourse)
Desire problems:
Hypoactive male sexual desire disorder
Disorder of female sexual interest/excitation
Excitation problems:
Persistent genital arousal disorder
Erectile disorder/erectile dysfunction
Orgasm problems:
Premature orgasm
Orgasmic Disorder/Delayed Ejaculation
Pain problems:
Penetration disorder/genito-pelvic pain
Vaginismus
Examples of Disorders Associated With Sexual Dysfunction
Behavioral Approach
The goal is to change the way people deal with sex and change what causes them stress from intercourse to pleasure.
Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
Cognitive behavioral sex therapy combines the behavioral approach with theories of cognition. It focuses on the thoughts and feelings behind sexual behaviors.
Other (Pharmacotherapy/Sexual surrogacy)
Sexual surrogacy involves cases in which the client is provided with a "practice" or surrogate individual to achieve the goals of therapy. For example, a client with a physical disability. It is a controversial technique, considered unethical (possibly illegal) and underutilized.
Management and Treatment: Sex Therapy
Mental health professionals must have vast knowledge about human sexuality in order to help others. Sometimes our experiences and upbringing can intervene with the impartiality necessary to be a behavioral scientist. Understanding issues related to eroticism, nontraditional sexual behaviors, and sexual dysfunction are necessary to understand more about the type of sexual experience people seek.
This fourth module is aimed at investigating the diversity of sexual behaviors, what motivates us sexually, and the ways in which psychology as a discipline seeks to define sexual dysfunction.
Summary
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/
Lehmiller, J. J. (2018). Tell Me What You Want: The Science of Sexual Desire and How It Can Help You Improve Your Sex Life. Boston, MA: Da Capo.
Lehmiller, J. J. (2017). The Psychology of Human Sexuality. Second edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
References
## image1.png
## image2.png
## image4.png
## image5.png
– 1
– 2