Importance of health care research in current times
Write
a 700- to 1,050-word paper on the importance of health care research in current times. Include your views on health care research and why you feel it is important as it relates to the concepts outlined below:
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The impact of health care research on evidence-based practice
Include references in your paper
Plagiarism free paper
History of Health Insurance and Managed Care Essay Assignment.
Health insurance began in the early part of the twentieth century as a means to protect an organization’s assets, either its financial assets or its manpower. Since the early days, health insurance evolved into a system of managed care in order to control issues such as overutilization, skyrocketing costs, limited restrictions, and low-quality care.
Using the Internet, search for articles on health insurance and managed care. Based on your research, summarize your findings and answer the following questions in a History of Health Insurance and Managed Care Essay Assignment:
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Examine the main events in the history of health insurance from the mid-twentieth century to the present. Explain how these events led up to the evolution of managed care organizations.
Evaluate the purpose of health care insurance in the early days.
Evaluate the evolution of health insurance and managed care. What is the relationship between the two and how has managed care risen to prominence in today’s health care market?
Explain how the perspective of health insurance has or hasn’t changed in today’s managed care environment.
Analyze the public policy and market forces leading to the growth of managed care.
Analyze the current trends in managed care and its future in the context of health care reforms.
Based on your understanding, create a 4 page Microsoft Word document that includes the answers to the above questions.
Support your responses with examples.
Cite any sources in your History of Health Insurance and Managed Care Essay Assignment in APA format .
In this assignment you will write a report on the significance of patient safety and the impact of organizational culture on quality and safety initiatives. Share quality and safety experiences that you have encountered in your current or former organization.
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You will also create a one-page questionnaire designed to survey co-workers on the organization’s patient safety culture. It will consist of Likert Scale questions. Review the following website for more information on Likert Scaling:
https://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/scallik.php
Your well-written assignment should meet the following requirements:
Two-page report
, not including the cover or reference pages.
One-page questionnaire, with
15 Likert Scale questions.
Formatted per APA.
Provide support for your work with in-text citations from
a minimum of five scholarly
articles. Two of these sources may be from the class readings, textbook, or lectures, but two must be external.
Provide full
APA references
for the sources used, along with appropriate
in-text citations.
Utilize headings to organize the content in your work.
Psychosocial Theories in Nursing essay assignment
For this Discussion, you will explore how social and behavioral theories apply in a clinical setting by analyzing a case study.
To prepare:
With information from this week’s Learning Resources in mind, reflect on the influence of sociological and behavioral factors on health.
Read the case study of the woman admitted for a mastectomy presented on page 328, #3 of the course text Theoretical Basis for Nursing. Consider which concepts from sociological and/or behavioral theories could be used in nursing practice for addressing the patient’s health care needs. Conduct additional research as necessary using credible websites and the Walden library. Also consider how these theories are used in your own clinical practice.
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Write 2 pages Psychosocial Theories in Nursing essay assignment on the following:
1) What concepts from the various theories could be used in planning the 65-year-old woman’s care?
2) How might her care be changed if the woman were 25 years old or 45 years old?
3) How have social psychology theories been used in promoting breast cancer awareness? Provide at least one example to support your response.
4) How have social psychology theories been used in your clinical practice area? Provide at least one example to support your response.
Psychosocial Theories in Nursing essay assignment References
Required Readings
McEwin, M., & Wills, E.M. (2014). Theoretical basis for nursing. (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Chapter 13, “Theories From the Sociologic Sciences”
Chapter 14, “Theories From the Behavioral Sciences”
Carnegie, E., & Kiger, A. (2009). Being and doing politics: An outdated model or 21st century reality? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(9), 1976–1984. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05084.x
Conrad, P., & Barker, K. (2010). The social construction of illness: Key Insights and policy implications. Journal of Health and Social Behavior: Special Issue, 51, S67–S79. doi: 10.1177/0022146510383495
Ford, C. L., & Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (2010). Critical race theory, race equity, and public health: Toward antiracism praxis. American Journal of Public Health, 100(S1), S30–S35. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.171058
Using Health Information Technology as a Source of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing
Before the digital revolution, health information technology supplied very limited support for evidence-based practice. If nurses wanted to be informed about cutting-edge research, their best bet was to either subscribe to leading journals or make periodic trips to the library. With the establishment of research databases, however, nurses became empowered to learn about and facilitate interdisciplinary and translational research. Databases are just one example of how health information technology supports evidence-based practice.
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To prepare:
Read the following scenario from the text (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015, p. 445):
Twelve-hour shifts are problematic for patient and nurse safety, and yet hospitals continue to keep the 12-hour shift schedule. In 2004, the Institute of Medicine (Board on Health Care Services & Institute of Medicine, 2004) published a report that referred to studies as early as 1988 that discussed the negative effects of rotating shifts on intervention accuracy. Workers with 12-hour shifts realized more fatigue than workers on 8-hour shifts. In another study done in Turkey by Ilhan, Durukan, Aras, Turkcuoglu, and Aygun (2006), factors relating to increased risk for injury were age of 24 or less, less than 4 years of nursing experience, working in the surgical intensive care units, and working for more than 8 hours.
Consider how the resources identified in the scenario above could influence an organization’s practice.
Select an issue in your practice that is of concern to you. Using health information technology, locate at least three evidence-based practice resources that address your concern and that could possibly inform further action.
Question:
Post
a description of your practice concern. Outline how you used health information technology to locate evidence-based practices that address this concern. Cite and include insights from the resources. Analyze how health information technology supports evidence-based practice.
Give a positive response to the following child maltreatment essay by a student;
Young infants, less than six months old are subject to child maltreatment and have rates of physical and abusive trauma twice the rate of children one to three years in age (Harper, et.al., 2014). Abuse symptoms most often seen in non-mobile infants are bruising, burns, fractures and traumatic brain injuries. Infants have a wide variety of developmental ability and mobility, but in general they are not mobile enough to sustain fractures, or get into things in their environment that would cause the injuries that they may present with. Often with infant abuse, mother’s or parents bring their infants to be evaluated for difficult temperaments or excessive crying. The provider may notice bruising, and when assessing and questioning the parent may give inconsistent stories on how or when the bruising appeared. Bruising in any pre-mobile infant is a red flag for abuse with high suspicion for more serious internal injuries (Harper, et.al., 2014). Injuries of this nature should always lead to further investigation. On imaging studies, fractures may be seen on the skull, in long bones of legs and arms as well as hands and feet. Multiple fractures of varying stages of healing almost always are attributed to infant abuse. Fractures in the absence of trauma confirms the likelihood of physical abuse and the incidence is higher the younger the child (Paddock, Sprigg, &Offiah, 2017). Failure to thrive, threatening weight loss, uncleanliness and diapering may also lead the provider to further investigations of suspected abuse. The most serious of abuse and injuries is that of shaken baby syndrome, resulting in traumatic brain injury, retinal hemorrhages, and intracranial bleeds. An emotional assessment can be difficult in infancy in revealing abuse. Although, infants can be withdrawn or cry excessively from the pain of physical injuries. Traditional cultural healing can also be misidentified as abuse, when the provider visualizes burns, abrasions, or petechial marks on the chest or back of infants. For example, in the Asian community treatment of cough and fever may be alleviated by heated ointments applied by metal coins or spoons. Minor burns may result from the vigorous rubbing of heated herbs and appear as linear abrasions or bruising (Stanford Medicine, 2017).
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As a medical professional and nurse, I am a mandated reporter of suspected abuse. There are often medical diagnosis that can lead to injuries that mimic abuse, although in California they do not need to be ruled out prior to reporting. The standard for which a report should be made is “reasonable suspicion” (Rady’s Children’s Hospital San Diego, 2012). Failure to report can result in a misdemeanor, imprisonment, and fines. Reports should be made immediately or as soon as possible to the county child welfare services or police/sheriff’s department. The report can be made by phone or written report transmitted by fax, mail or electronically. Child Maltreatment Essay.
References
Harper, N. S., Feldman, K. W., Sugar, N. F., Anderst, J. D., & Lindberg, D. M. (2014). Additional Injuries in Young Infants with Concern for Abuse and Apparently Isolated Bruises. The Journal Of Pediatrics, 165383-388.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.04.004
National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome (2016). Retrieved from https://dontshake.org/learn-more
Paddock, M., Sprigg, A., & Offiah, A. (2017). Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Part 1: initial considerations and appendicular skeleton. Clinical Radiology, (3), 179. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2016.11.016
Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego (2012). The California Child Abuse and Neglect Report Law. Retrieved from http://mandatedreporterca.com/images/pub132.pdf
Linear Regression Exercises Due 10/13/17 by 10 pm
Simple Regression
Research Question: Does the number of hours worked per week (
workweek
) predict family income (
income
)?
Using Polit2SetA data set, run a simple regression using Family Income (
income
) as the outcome variable (Y) and Number of Hours Worked per Week (
workweek
) as the independent variable (X). When conducting any regression analysis, the dependent (outcome) variables is always (Y) and is placed on the y-axis, and the independent (predictor) variable is always (X) and is placed on the x-axis.
Follow these steps when using SPSS:
1. Open Polit2SetA data set.
2. Click on
Analyze
, then click on
Regression
, then
Linear
.
3. Move the dependent variable (
income
) in the box labeled “Dependent” by clicking the arrow button. The dependent variable is a continuous variable.
4. Move the independent variable (
workweek
) into the box labeled “Independent.”
5. Click on the
Statistics
button (right side of box) and click on
Descriptives
,
Estimates
,
Confidence Interval
(should be 95%), and
Model Fit
, then click on
Continue
.
6. Click on
OK
.
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Assignment:
Through analysis of the SPSS output, answer the following questions. Answer questions 1 – 10 individually, not in paragraph form
1. What is the total sample size?
2. What is the mean income and mean number of hours worked?
3. What is the correlation coefficient between the outcome and predictor variables? Is it significant? How would you describe the strength and direction of the relationship?
4. What it the value of R squared (coefficient of determination)? Interpret the value.
5. Interpret the standard error of the estimate? What information does this value provide to the researcher?
6. The model fit is determined by the ANOVA table results (
F
statistic = 37.226, 1,376 degrees of freedom, and the
p
value is .001). Based on these results, does the model fit the data? Briefly explain. (Hint: A significant finding indicates good model fit.)
7. Based on the coefficients, what is the value of the y-intercept (point at which the line of best fit crosses the y-axis)?
8. Based on the output, write out the regression equation for predicting family income.
9. Using the regression equation, what is the predicted monthly family income for women working 35 hours per week?
10. Using the regression equation, what is the predicted monthly family income for women working 20 hours per week?
For this assignment, answer question 1 through 10 individually. DO NOT ANSWER IN PARAGRAPH FORM.
Multiple Regression
Assignment:
In this assignment we are trying to predict CES-D score (depression) in women. The research question is: How well do age, educational attainment, employment, abuse, and poor health predict depression?
Using Polit2SetC data set, run a multiple regression using CES-D Score (
cesd
) as the outcome variable (Y) and respondent’s age (
age
), educational attainment (
educatn
), currently employed (
worknow
), number, types of abuse (
nabuse
), and poor health (
poorhlth
) as the independent variables (X). When conducting any regression analysis, the dependent (outcome) variables is always (Y) and is placed on the y-axis, and the independent (predictor) variable is always (X) and is placed on the x-axis.
Follow these steps when using SPSS:
1. Open Polit2SetC data set.
2. Click on
Analyze,
then click on
Regression
, then
Linear
.
3. Move the dependent variable, CES-D Score (
cesd
) into the box labeled “Dependent” by clicking on the arrow button. The dependent variable is a continuous variable.
4. Move the independent variables (
age
,
educatn
,
worknow
, and
poorhlth
) into the box labeled “Independent.” This is the first block of variables to be entered into the analysis (block 1 of 1). Click on the bottom (top right of independent box), marked “Next”; this will give you another box to enter the next block of indepdent variables (block 2 of 2). Here you are to enter (
nabuse
).
Note:
Be sure the Method box states “Enter”.
5. Click on the
Statistics
button (right side of box) and click on
Descriptives
,
Estimates
,
Confidence Interval
(should be 95%),
R square change
, and
Model Fit
, and then click on
Continue
.
6. Click on
OK
.
Assignment:
(When answering all questions, use the data on the coefficients panel from Model 2). Answer questions 1 – 5 individually, not in paragraph form
1. Analyze the data from the SPSS output and write a paragraph summarizing the findings. (Use the example in the SPSS output file as a guide for your write-up.)
2. Which of the predictors were significant predictors in the model?
3. Which of the predictors was the most relevant predictor in the model?
4. Interpret the unstandardized coefficents for educational attainment and poor health.
5. If you wanted to predict a woman’s current CES-D score based on the analysis, what would the unstandardized regression equation be? Include unstandardized coefficients in the equation.
For this assignment, answer question 1 through 5 individually. DO NOT ANSWER IN PARAGRAPH FORM.
Required Readings
Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017)
. Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence
(8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier
.
Chapter 24, “Using Statistics to Predict”
This chapter asserts that predictive analyses are based on probability theory instead of decision theory. It also analyzes how variation plays a critical role in simple linear regression and multiple regression.
Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research
Chapter 9, “Correlation and Simple Regression” (pp. 208–222)
This section of Chapter 9 discusses the simple regression equation and outlines major components of regression, including errors of prediction, residuals, OLS regression, and ordinary least-square regression.
Chapter 10, “Multiple Regression”
Chapter 10 focuses on multiple regression as a statistical procedure and explains multivariate statistics and their relationship to multiple regression concepts, equations, and tests.
Chapter 12, “Logistic Regression”
This chapter provides an overview of logistic regression, which is a form of statistical analysis frequently used in nursing research.
Give a positive response to the following Child abuse and maltreatment essay assignment by a student;
Child abuse and maltreatment is a common occurrence in the United States there for it remains very important as nurses to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of possible abuse. According to American Academy of Pediatrics, approximately three million cases of child abuse and neglect are reported each year, with the majority of cases being neglect followed by physical and sexual abuse (AAP, 2017). Some statistics show that the highest rate of fatal child abuse occurs in children 0-4 years of age commonly caused by head injuries, then suffocation and abdominal injuries (WHO, 2002). These young children are most vulnerable to physical abuse most likely by a family member or someone close to them. It is not always an easy task to recognize when a child has been abused or neglected due to either fear, the abuser was a loved one, or the child thinks they will be blamed or no one will believe them. This is where us nurses come in by being able to recognize the signs without being verbally told, and be able to understand that there are no specific signs that point to specific types of abuse. There can be physical signs, such as any injuries that have no explanation, genital pain or bleeding out of the norm; behavioral changes such as fearful behaviors for no reason, bedwetting, extreme sexual behavior, changes in self-confidence, physical complaints with no medical causes, education issues, passive or aggressive behaviors out of the norm, weight changes, and social withdraw(AAP,2017). Most times children do not come out and report abuse, so being diligent in an assessment, asking the right questions and making this children feel safe and comfortable will be important in getting them proper treatment as soon as possible in cases of suspected abuse. Child abuse and maltreatment comes with a great amount of long term emotional damage that can be detrimental to their wellbeing as adults. Some cultures practice differently than others and how they treat children can often be seen in Western Medicine as abusive behavior such as cao gio which is performed in some Southeast Asian cultures (Davis, 2000). This method of dermabrasion is used to treat wind diseases by rubbing or pinching the skin to bring bad blood to the surface of the skin which allows bad wind to escape from the body of the sick (Davis, 2000). This is often performed on the back, shoulders, chest, temples and forehead often leaving large bruises or extreme redness that can often look like signs of child abuse.
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As a nurse, it is my responsibility to report suspected child abuse appropriately, only after I have gathered as much information as possible. I must be very confident I believe the signs I am assessing have come from child abuse or neglect before reporting my findings to the local department of social services or the Child Abuse and Neglect Hotline. There is a list of local departments of social services, addresses and phone numbers for the Virginia area available at http://www.dss.virginia.gov/localagency (VDSS, n.d.). I will be asked to provide as much information as possible in order for a CPS worker to investigate further. I, as the nurse of this child, have a legal and ethical responsibility to report suspected abuse to local social services to ensure this abuse does not go on and prevent future abuse and neglect cases for this child. Child abuse and maltreatment essay assignment.
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2017). What to Know About Child Abuse. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/What-to-Know-about-Child-Abuse.aspx
Davis, R. E. (2000). International scene: Cultural health care or child abuse? the southeast asian practice of cao gio. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), 89. Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/212880211?accountid=7374
Virginia Department of Social Services (VDSS) (n.d.). A Guide for Mandated Reporters in Recognizing and Reporting Child Abuse and Neglect. Retrieved from https://www.dss.virginia.gov/files/division/dfs/cps/intro_page/publications/general/B032-02-0280-00-eng.pdf
World Health Organization. (2002). Child Abuse and Neglect. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/factsheets/en/childabusefacts.pdf
Give a Positive Response to the following social determinants of health assignment;
Social determinants of health are related to the environment in which people live, learn, work, and play that affects a multitude of health risks and outcomes. According to the CDC (2014), these conditions are shaped by the amount of money, power, and resources that are present and determined by policy choices. When these conditions are out of balance, living a healthy lifestyle such as a well-balanced diet, getting physical exercise, obtaining vaccines, and seeking care when ill, are challenging. This is where community nurses knowing their resources is crucial to help support their patients with deficits. This unequal opportunity is influenced by poverty, lack of access to health care, inadequate education, shame, and racism (CDC, 2014). Social determinants play a role in the risk of illness and a wide range of health issues including diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. From a global standpoint, there is a vast difference in developing countries who are suffering from poverty. “Poorer countries have higher rates of death, disease, and disability” (Maurer & Smith, 2013). The children endure malnutrition and premature death. Illness not seen in places like the United States are widespread in the poor nations which effects life expectancy.
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The communicable disease chain refers to infectious diseases that develop from the interaction of agent, host, and environment. To be precise, “transmission occurs when the agent leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by some mode of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host” (CDC, 2012). There are many opportunities for nurses to help stop the spread of disease and provide the proper education to patients. The first step nurses can take to stop spreading is by interrupting this chain by properly washing their hands which are a fundamental principle of infection control. This should be performed in all required situations such as before any aseptic procedure, before and after handling any patient, touching soiled items, after using the restroom, and before and after handling food. Other examples include assessing your patient daily for the need to continue use of a Foley catheter which is a source of infection and staying up-to-date on your vaccines. Also, remaining at home when sick and covering a cough to avoid spreading. Social determinants of health assignment.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Introduction to epidemiology. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section10.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/socialdeterminants/faq.html
Maurer, F.A. & Smith, C.M. (2013). Community/public health nursing practice (5th ed). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.
Give a positive response to the following student detecting child abuse essay
Abuse does not discriminate againts age. Children of all ages suffer abuse and some of the most fragile are at the younger end of the spectrum. Shcool age children often suffer from abuse and the abuse can come in a variety of different types ranging from sexual, physical, emotionaly, and from neglect. The most common form of abuse within this age group is neglect. Neglect occurs when the responsible party fails to provide basic needs for the child. This may manifest in the form of malnutrition, lack of medical care, or lack of basic needs like clothing and hygiene. “Neglect is dangerous and can cause serious, long-term damage – even death.” (NSPCC, 2007).
Warning signs may be hard to detect. Changes in the child behavior may be evident. The child may also seem more paranoid or easily frightened. Often neglected children may have poor hygiene, wear dirty clothes, and have poor nutrtitional and dental health. Difficulty concentrating may also be something the neglected child suffers from. “Some children may directly disclose that they have experienced abuse or neglect.” (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2013).
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When assessing a school age child a nurse should always assess for any signs and symptoms of abuse. Physical abuse may be easily visable by bruises, broken bones, and injuruies healing at different levels. However, many of these types of symptoms can be due to the active life of a school aged child. Cultural practices may also be mistaken as abuse. For example, some cultures believe in cupping and coining to ward off infection. This can leave marks that look like abuse but are simply the cultural practices and beliefs of some people. Often you will have to dig deeper and look for other clues and remain culturaly competent to not misdiagnose abuse. Sexual abuse may be aparent with extreme fear and avoidance of assessment of the genitals where neglect may be aparent in the childs BMI and growth records.
In California all healthcare providers are mandated reporters for any suspision of abuse at any level. I work at a hospital and we have a resource binder we access when any abuse if suspected. We would fill out a report and fax to the appropriate agency which would be child welfare or adult protective services. As nurses it is our responsiblility to advocate for all patients, big and small.
Reference:
NSPCC. Child Neglect. (2007). Retrieved from:
https://www.nspcc.org.uk/preventing-abuse/child-abuse-and-neglect/neglect/
Child Welfare Information Gateway. What is Child Abuse and Neglect: Recognizing Signs and Symptoms. (2013). Retrieved from:
https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/whatiscan.pdf