Category: Psychology

  • [Solved] helpp

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    Complete the [Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale](http://www.kordoutis.gr/STLS.pdf). Once you are done, you should calculate your score and evaluate your test. Is this a valid test of a relationship? Explain. Compose a two-page describing the test and sharing your comments. Your response should be gr…

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    Complete the [Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale](http://www.kordoutis.gr/STLS.pdf). Once you are done, you should calculate your score and evaluate your test. Is this a valid test of a relationship? Explain.
    Compose a two-page describing the test and sharing your comments. Your response should be grammatically correct and include references to research and theories cited in APA format.

  • [Solved] helppp

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    1. View the YouTube video(s) on aging and discuss what you have learned about the aging process. – [How to Cure Aging – During Your Lifetime?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjdpR-TY6QU) 2. The Nun Study is particularly interesting. View the following: – [Nuns help researchers discover more about…

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    1. View the YouTube video(s) on aging and discuss what you have learned about the aging process.
    – [How to Cure Aging – During Your Lifetime?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjdpR-TY6QU)
    2. The Nun Study is particularly interesting. View the following:
    – [Nuns help researchers discover more about Alzheimer's](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmMVoltH6nE)
    – Since the video has been removed, listen to the audio that remains: [Nun study video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nw2lafKIEio)
    3. What are some of the results of the unusual study?
    4. What do the above mice and human studies reveal about aging? Be specific.
    5. List recommendations for healthy aging.
    Your submission should be two pages in length and include references to the sources of your information using APA documentation.

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    **Observation:** Observe **three individuals from three points** in the life span. **Only use subjects you do not know and to whom you are not related.** Select one subject from each of the following periods: – Early Childhood (3-5 years old) – Middle Childhood through Adolescence (7-19 years old) -…

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    **Observation:** Observe **three individuals from three points** in the life span. **Only use subjects you do not know and to whom you are not related.** Select one subject from each of the following periods:
    – Early Childhood (3-5 years old)
    – Middle Childhood through Adolescence (7-19 years old)
    – Adulthood (20 years and older)
    **Record:** Record **at least one** example for each of the terms on the [Life-Span Development Observation Form](https://content.ctcd.edu/courses/psyc2314/m23/docs/psyc2314_proj_obsv_form.rtf).
    **Assign Code Names:** Assign a code name to subjects observed to protect their privacy. Code names usually reflect a characteristic of the subject such as "Miss Eats A Lot" or "Little Blue Shirt."
    **Locations:** Complete observations in a public place such as McDonald's, a classroom, a clinic waiting room, athletic practice, a church youth group, a retirement center, or a workplace. If you are a **deployed student**, inform the course instructor of your situation. In such cases, children may be observed through movies or parent interviews.
    **Signatures Required:** Obtain the signature of an adult in the observation environment as a supervisor. This is for your protection. An adult is then a witness that you are intently observing a subject for academic purposes. If it is difficult to transmit a signature, obtain contact information to record on the form.
    **Record Specific, Objective Descriptions of Behavior for Each Term Listed:** This is a clinical-style report. Therefore, list the term and provide an example of the behavior. Do not state an opinion or make a judgment concerning the behavior. Simply describe the behavior observed. Be descriptive and provide specific factual information. Below is an example of a Receptive Language description:
    Receptive Language: The teacher asked Red Shirt to place his coat in his cubby. Red Shirt said, "Yes, mam." He placed his coat in the correct cubby.
    Receptive Language: "Hero could hear his coach call him to come on the field from a distance of approximately 50 feet with traffic noise in the background."
    **Avoid Non-Objective Statements:** For example: "He has a great vocabulary for his age." "She had an attitude toward her mother." "Bright Eyes was the tallest in her class."
    **Time:** Allow yourself sufficient time to gather data. Young children move more rapidly and produce a great deal of observable data very quickly. Older adults may require a longer observation period in order to collect a sample for each term listed.

  • [Solved] 6202-6d

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  • [Solved] replies

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    min 90 words each \ ReplyDonnaDisc2.PNG](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/replydonnadisc2-png "ReplyDonnaDisc2.PNG") \ ReplyLaurenDisc2.PNG](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/replylaurendisc2-png "ReplyLaurenDisc2.PNG") \ ReplyTiaraDisc1.PNG](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/replytiaradisc1-png "R…

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    min 90 words each
    \
    ReplyDonnaDisc2.PNG](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/replydonnadisc2-png "ReplyDonnaDisc2.PNG")
    \
    ReplyLaurenDisc2.PNG](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/replylaurendisc2-png "ReplyLaurenDisc2.PNG")
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  • [Solved] presentation

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    Use power point for reference since is part of the group presentation. Need to get Slide 2 and 5 done. – ## CLCSuicidePreventionProgramPresentationObj.8.11.pdf – SlidesPart2.PNG – SlidesPart1.PNG **## CLCSuicidePreventionProgramPresentationObj.8.11.pdf** Hope in Action: A Comprehensive Suicide Preve…

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    Use power point for reference since is part of the group presentation. Need to get Slide 2 and 5 done.

    – ## CLCSuicidePreventionProgramPresentationObj.8.11.pdf

    – SlidesPart2.PNG
    – SlidesPart1.PNG

    **## CLCSuicidePreventionProgramPresentationObj.8.11.pdf**

    Hope in Action:
    A Comprehensive Suicide Prevention Program for LGBTQ

    Youth

    Empowering Lives Through Awareness, Support, and Connection

    Charisma Carter, Darci Folsom, Joy Hunter, Rosmery Cardenas
    June 8, 2025

    CLC Suicide Prevention Program Presentation (OBJ. 8.1)
    PSY-470-O501-Abnormal Psychology

    Anna Cicirale Pullara

    Introduction
    to Target

    Population

    Veterans are individuals who have served
    in the military and may face unique
    challenges when transitioning to civilian
    life.
    • Demographics:
    • Veterans are people who have served

    in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,
    or Coast Guard.

    • They come from all age groups, but
    many are older adults.

    • They might live in urban, suburban,
    or rural areas across the country.

    • Risk Factors:
    • Veterans often face issues like PTSD

    (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder),
    depression, and anxiety.

    • They might struggle with adjusting to
    life after military service.

    • Some veterans have experienced
    trauma, which can increase their risk
    of suicide.

    Why is this
    Population at
    Greater Risk?

    Risk Factors
    • Mental Health Issues: PTSD, depression, and anxiety are

    common among veterans. These conditions make it harder
    for them to cope with everyday challenges.

    • Trauma Exposure: Many veterans have seen or experienced
    traumatic events, which can leave lasting emotional scars.

    • Difficulty Adjusting to Civilian Life: After serving in the
    military, veterans may feel isolated or disconnected from
    civilian life.

    • Substance Abuse: Some veterans turn to alcohol or drugs to
    cope with their emotional pain, which increases the risk of
    suicide.

    • Lack of Support: Veterans may feel like they don’t have
    enough support or understanding from others, which can
    increase feelings of loneliness and hopelessness.

    Veterans are at greater risk for suicide because of their unique
    experiences and struggles.

    Bringing It All Together –
    A Complete Prevention

    Program

    • Our suicide prevention program
    will:

    • Identify those at-risk using behavior
    signs and brain-based measures.

    • Provide easy access to help through
    hotlines, therapy, and online tools.

    • Break barriers like stigma with
    education, faith-based partnerships,
    and community outreach.

    • Offer support through peer groups,
    trained counselors, and safe spaces.

    • The program will be ongoing, with
    regular training, updates, and
    check-ins with at-risk individuals.

    • Faith and community leaders will
    play a big role in supporting healing
    and hope.

    Strategies to
    Encourage

    Help-Seeking
    and Spread
    Awareness

    • Start school and community
    programs that teach people how
    to spot warning signs and where
    to get help.

    • Share real stories from survivors
    and families to reduce shame
    and encourage hope.

    • Use social media to reach young
    people with messages of support
    and where to get help.

    • Set up 24/7 hotlines and text
    lines with trained counselors who
    understand the needs of the
    target group.

    • Offer peer-led support groups, so
    people feel less alone and more
    understood.

    • Work with local leaders, schools,
    and churches to hold community
    events and training.

    BARRIERS TO HELP

    Stigma through
    judgement,

    discrimination, being
    labeled weak.

    Fear of out of pocket
    expenses and lack of
    insurance to assess

    mental health service.

    Uneven access to
    mental health services
    across different regions

    and populations.

    Major underfunding to
    suicide prevention

    programs and mental
    health services

    Systemic and structural
    poverty, housing, and

    systemic racism.

    Overcoming Suicide Prevention
    Barriers

    • Enhancing access to mental health resources-
    support networks, public education
    campaigns, and peer support networks.

    • Increase a change to affordable health care
    through insurance reform, expand community
    health centers, and offer low cost counseling.

    • Support individuals with suicidal thoughts
    with teachings of compassion, love, and the
    sanctity of life.

    • Christian principles can foster hope, provide
    support, and work alongside mental health
    professionals.

    References

    • American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. (2024). National poll on perceptions of mental health and
    suicide prevention reveals most U.S. adults believe suicide is preventable . American Foundation for Suicide
    Prevention. https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention

    • Aoun, J., Spodenkiewicz, M., & Marimoutou, C. (2024). Scoping review on prevention of suicidal thoughts
    and behaviors in adolescents: Methods, effectiveness, and future directions. Frontiers in Child and
    Adolescent Psychiatry, 3, Article 1367075. https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1367075

    • Comer, R. J., & Comer, J. S. (2021). *Abnormal psychology* (11th ed.). Worth Publishers.
    • Johnson, B. & Moore, M. (2018). The Role of Faith Communities in Suicide Prevention . American

    Foundation for Suicide Prevention. https://afsp.org/story/the-role-of-faith-communities-in-suicide-
    prevention/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

    • Occa, A., Francis, D. B., & Silwal, A. (2025). Identifying communication strategies in suicide prevention
    education: An evaluation of infographics targeting college students. Journal of American College Health.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2025.2510698

    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2023). *Suicide
    prevention.*https://www.samhsa.gov/suicide

    • Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (n.d.). *Comprehensive approach to suicide
    prevention.*https://sprc.org

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1367075](https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1367075)

    – Slide 1: Hope in Action: A Comprehensive Suicide Prevention Program for LGBTQ Youth
    – Slide 2: Introduction to Target Population
    – Slide 3: Why is this Population at Greater Risk?
    – Slide 4: Bringing It All Together – A Complete Prevention Program
    – Slide 5: Strategies to Encourage Help-Seeking and Spread Awareness
    – Slide 6: BARRIERS TO HELP
    – Slide 7: Overcoming Suicide Prevention Barriers
    – Slide 8: References

    **SlidesPart2.PNG**

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    **SlidesPart1.PNG**

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    **## CLCSuicidePreventionProgramPresentationObj.8.11.pdf**

    Hope in Action:
    A Comprehensive Suicide Prevention Program for LGBTQ

    Youth

    Empowering Lives Through Awareness, Support, and Connection

    Charisma Carter, Darci Folsom, Joy Hunter, Rosmery Cardenas
    June 8, 2025

    CLC Suicide Prevention Program Presentation (OBJ. 8.1)
    PSY-470-O501-Abnormal Psychology

    Anna Cicirale Pullara

    Introduction
    to Target

    Population

    Veterans are individuals who have served
    in the military and may face unique
    challenges when transitioning to civilian
    life.
    • Demographics:
    • Veterans are people who have served

    in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,
    or Coast Guard.

    • They come from all age groups, but
    many are older adults.

    • They might live in urban, suburban,
    or rural areas across the country.

    • Risk Factors:
    • Veterans often face issues like PTSD

    (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder),
    depression, and anxiety.

    • They might struggle with adjusting to
    life after military service.

    • Some veterans have experienced
    trauma, which can increase their risk
    of suicide.

    Why is this
    Population at
    Greater Risk?

    Risk Factors
    • Mental Health Issues: PTSD, depression, and anxiety are

    common among veterans. These conditions make it harder
    for them to cope with everyday challenges.

    • Trauma Exposure: Many veterans have seen or experienced
    traumatic events, which can leave lasting emotional scars.

    • Difficulty Adjusting to Civilian Life: After serving in the
    military, veterans may feel isolated or disconnected from
    civilian life.

    • Substance Abuse: Some veterans turn to alcohol or drugs to
    cope with their emotional pain, which increases the risk of
    suicide.

    • Lack of Support: Veterans may feel like they don’t have
    enough support or understanding from others, which can
    increase feelings of loneliness and hopelessness.

    Veterans are at greater risk for suicide because of their unique
    experiences and struggles.

    Bringing It All Together –
    A Complete Prevention

    Program

    • Our suicide prevention program
    will:

    • Identify those at-risk using behavior
    signs and brain-based measures.

    • Provide easy access to help through
    hotlines, therapy, and online tools.

    • Break barriers like stigma with
    education, faith-based partnerships,
    and community outreach.

    • Offer support through peer groups,
    trained counselors, and safe spaces.

    • The program will be ongoing, with
    regular training, updates, and
    check-ins with at-risk individuals.

    • Faith and community leaders will
    play a big role in supporting healing
    and hope.

    Strategies to
    Encourage

    Help-Seeking
    and Spread
    Awareness

    • Start school and community
    programs that teach people how
    to spot warning signs and where
    to get help.

    • Share real stories from survivors
    and families to reduce shame
    and encourage hope.

    • Use social media to reach young
    people with messages of support
    and where to get help.

    • Set up 24/7 hotlines and text
    lines with trained counselors who
    understand the needs of the
    target group.

    • Offer peer-led support groups, so
    people feel less alone and more
    understood.

    • Work with local leaders, schools,
    and churches to hold community
    events and training.

    BARRIERS TO HELP

    Stigma through
    judgement,

    discrimination, being
    labeled weak.

    Fear of out of pocket
    expenses and lack of
    insurance to assess

    mental health service.

    Uneven access to
    mental health services
    across different regions

    and populations.

    Major underfunding to
    suicide prevention

    programs and mental
    health services

    Systemic and structural
    poverty, housing, and

    systemic racism.

    Overcoming Suicide Prevention
    Barriers

    • Enhancing access to mental health resources-
    support networks, public education
    campaigns, and peer support networks.

    • Increase a change to affordable health care
    through insurance reform, expand community
    health centers, and offer low cost counseling.

    • Support individuals with suicidal thoughts
    with teachings of compassion, love, and the
    sanctity of life.

    • Christian principles can foster hope, provide
    support, and work alongside mental health
    professionals.

    References

    • American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. (2024). National poll on perceptions of mental health and
    suicide prevention reveals most U.S. adults believe suicide is preventable . American Foundation for Suicide
    Prevention. https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention

    • Aoun, J., Spodenkiewicz, M., & Marimoutou, C. (2024). Scoping review on prevention of suicidal thoughts
    and behaviors in adolescents: Methods, effectiveness, and future directions. Frontiers in Child and
    Adolescent Psychiatry, 3, Article 1367075. https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1367075

    • Comer, R. J., & Comer, J. S. (2021). *Abnormal psychology* (11th ed.). Worth Publishers.
    • Johnson, B. & Moore, M. (2018). The Role of Faith Communities in Suicide Prevention . American

    Foundation for Suicide Prevention. https://afsp.org/story/the-role-of-faith-communities-in-suicide-
    prevention/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

    • Occa, A., Francis, D. B., & Silwal, A. (2025). Identifying communication strategies in suicide prevention
    education: An evaluation of infographics targeting college students. Journal of American College Health.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2025.2510698

    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2023). *Suicide
    prevention.*https://www.samhsa.gov/suicide

    • Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (n.d.). *Comprehensive approach to suicide
    prevention.*https://sprc.org

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1367075](https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1367075)

    – Slide 1: Hope in Action: A Comprehensive Suicide Prevention Program for LGBTQ Youth
    – Slide 2: Introduction to Target Population
    – Slide 3: Why is this Population at Greater Risk?
    – Slide 4: Bringing It All Together – A Complete Prevention Program
    – Slide 5: Strategies to Encourage Help-Seeking and Spread Awareness
    – Slide 6: BARRIERS TO HELP
    – Slide 7: Overcoming Suicide Prevention Barriers
    – Slide 8: References

    **SlidesPart2.PNG**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/slidespart2-png)

    **SlidesPart1.PNG**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/slidespart1-png)

    **## CLCSuicidePreventionProgramPresentationObj.8.11.pdf**

    Hope in Action:
    A Comprehensive Suicide Prevention Program for LGBTQ

    Youth

    Empowering Lives Through Awareness, Support, and Connection

    Charisma Carter, Darci Folsom, Joy Hunter, Rosmery Cardenas
    June 8, 2025

    CLC Suicide Prevention Program Presentation (OBJ. 8.1)
    PSY-470-O501-Abnormal Psychology

    Anna Cicirale Pullara

    Introduction
    to Target

    Population

    Veterans are individuals who have served
    in the military and may face unique
    challenges when transitioning to civilian
    life.
    • Demographics:
    • Veterans are people who have served

    in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,
    or Coast Guard.

    • They come from all age groups, but
    many are older adults.

    • They might live in urban, suburban,
    or rural areas across the country.

    • Risk Factors:
    • Veterans often face issues like PTSD

    (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder),
    depression, and anxiety.

    • They might struggle with adjusting to
    life after military service.

    • Some veterans have experienced
    trauma, which can increase their risk
    of suicide.

    Why is this
    Population at
    Greater Risk?

    Risk Factors
    • Mental Health Issues: PTSD, depression, and anxiety are

    common among veterans. These conditions make it harder
    for them to cope with everyday challenges.

    • Trauma Exposure: Many veterans have seen or experienced
    traumatic events, which can leave lasting emotional scars.

    • Difficulty Adjusting to Civilian Life: After serving in the
    military, veterans may feel isolated or disconnected from
    civilian life.

    • Substance Abuse: Some veterans turn to alcohol or drugs to
    cope with their emotional pain, which increases the risk of
    suicide.

    • Lack of Support: Veterans may feel like they don’t have
    enough support or understanding from others, which can
    increase feelings of loneliness and hopelessness.

    Veterans are at greater risk for suicide because of their unique
    experiences and struggles.

    Bringing It All Together –
    A Complete Prevention

    Program

    • Our suicide prevention program
    will:

    • Identify those at-risk using behavior
    signs and brain-based measures.

    • Provide easy access to help through
    hotlines, therapy, and online tools.

    • Break barriers like stigma with
    education, faith-based partnerships,
    and community outreach.

    • Offer support through peer groups,
    trained counselors, and safe spaces.

    • The program will be ongoing, with
    regular training, updates, and
    check-ins with at-risk individuals.

    • Faith and community leaders will
    play a big role in supporting healing
    and hope.

    Strategies to
    Encourage

    Help-Seeking
    and Spread
    Awareness

    • Start school and community
    programs that teach people how
    to spot warning signs and where
    to get help.

    • Share real stories from survivors
    and families to reduce shame
    and encourage hope.

    • Use social media to reach young
    people with messages of support
    and where to get help.

    • Set up 24/7 hotlines and text
    lines with trained counselors who
    understand the needs of the
    target group.

    • Offer peer-led support groups, so
    people feel less alone and more
    understood.

    • Work with local leaders, schools,
    and churches to hold community
    events and training.

    BARRIERS TO HELP

    Stigma through
    judgement,

    discrimination, being
    labeled weak.

    Fear of out of pocket
    expenses and lack of
    insurance to assess

    mental health service.

    Uneven access to
    mental health services
    across different regions

    and populations.

    Major underfunding to
    suicide prevention

    programs and mental
    health services

    Systemic and structural
    poverty, housing, and

    systemic racism.

    Overcoming Suicide Prevention
    Barriers

    • Enhancing access to mental health resources-
    support networks, public education
    campaigns, and peer support networks.

    • Increase a change to affordable health care
    through insurance reform, expand community
    health centers, and offer low cost counseling.

    • Support individuals with suicidal thoughts
    with teachings of compassion, love, and the
    sanctity of life.

    • Christian principles can foster hope, provide
    support, and work alongside mental health
    professionals.

    References

    • American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. (2024). National poll on perceptions of mental health and
    suicide prevention reveals most U.S. adults believe suicide is preventable . American Foundation for Suicide
    Prevention. https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention

    • Aoun, J., Spodenkiewicz, M., & Marimoutou, C. (2024). Scoping review on prevention of suicidal thoughts
    and behaviors in adolescents: Methods, effectiveness, and future directions. Frontiers in Child and
    Adolescent Psychiatry, 3, Article 1367075. https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1367075

    • Comer, R. J., & Comer, J. S. (2021). *Abnormal psychology* (11th ed.). Worth Publishers.
    • Johnson, B. & Moore, M. (2018). The Role of Faith Communities in Suicide Prevention . American

    Foundation for Suicide Prevention. https://afsp.org/story/the-role-of-faith-communities-in-suicide-
    prevention/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

    • Occa, A., Francis, D. B., & Silwal, A. (2025). Identifying communication strategies in suicide prevention
    education: An evaluation of infographics targeting college students. Journal of American College Health.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2025.2510698

    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2023). *Suicide
    prevention.*https://www.samhsa.gov/suicide

    • Suicide Prevention Resource Center. (n.d.). *Comprehensive approach to suicide
    prevention.*https://sprc.org

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention](https://afsp.org/story/national-poll-on-perceptions-of-mental-health-and-suicide-prevention)

    [https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1367075](https://doi.org/10.3389/frcha.2024.1367075)

    – Slide 1: Hope in Action: A Comprehensive Suicide Prevention Program for LGBTQ Youth
    – Slide 2: Introduction to Target Population
    – Slide 3: Why is this Population at Greater Risk?
    – Slide 4: Bringing It All Together – A Complete Prevention Program
    – Slide 5: Strategies to Encourage Help-Seeking and Spread Awareness
    – Slide 6: BARRIERS TO HELP
    – Slide 7: Overcoming Suicide Prevention Barriers
    – Slide 8: References

    **SlidesPart2.PNG**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/slidespart2-png)

    **SlidesPart1.PNG**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/slidespart1-png)

    – 1
    – 2
    – 3

  • [Solved] help

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    \ 20250628_171611.jpeg](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/20250628-171611-jpeg "20250628_171611.jpeg") \ 20250628_171554.jpeg](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/20250628-171554-jpeg "20250628_171554.jpeg") \ IMG_0772.jpeg](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-0772-jpeg-10336013 "IMG_0772.jpeg")

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  • [Solved] Week 5

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    Read the scenario below: A Human Services Practitioner Professional is an older, upper-middle class, educated white female with a master’s degree in human services working with Job Corps. The majority of service users are inner city, low-income African American youth within the age range of 16–22 ye…

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    Read the scenario below:
    A Human Services Practitioner Professional is an older, upper-middle class, educated white female with a master’s degree in human services working with Job Corps. The majority of service users are inner city, low-income African American youth within the age range of 16–22 years old, seeking vocational and academic training.
    How do I:
    – Explain how you would help the HSPP practice cultural humility in the scenario you selected.
    – Explain what would make you uncomfortable working in the scenario and what would make you comfortable. In your explanation, describe how cultural humility is different, yet related, to concepts like cultural competency and cultural reflexivity.
    – Find one ethical code from NOHS that relates to cultural humility in this scenario and how you can apply it.
    \
    ethics-code-2024.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/ethics-code-2024-pdf-10336015 "ethics-code-2024.pdf")
    \
    EBSCO-FullText-06_28_2025.html](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/ebsco-fulltext-06-28-2025-html "EBSCO-FullText-06_28_2025.html")
    \
    EBSCO-FullText-06_28_20251.html](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/ebsco-fulltext-06-28-20251-html "EBSCO-FullText-06_28_20251.html")

  • [Solved] Self Reflection Two

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    – ## Selfdc3.docx – Screenshot2025-06-28at7.11.53PM.png – Screenshot2025-06-28at7.12.04PM.png **## Selfdc3.docx** 2 **Self-of-the-Therapist Reflection** Name of Student Lecturer Name Course Date **Self-of-the-Therapist Reflection** **Introduction** Therapists often, without our knowledge, carry arou…

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    – ## Selfdc3.docx

    – Screenshot2025-06-28at7.11.53PM.png
    – Screenshot2025-06-28at7.12.04PM.png

    **## Selfdc3.docx**

    2

    **Self-of-the-Therapist Reflection**

    Name of Student

    Lecturer Name

    Course

    Date

    **Self-of-the-Therapist Reflection**

    **Introduction**

    Therapists often, without our knowledge, carry around our own biases influencing how we view and relate to clients. Most often these biases are based on our family of origin, cultural upbringing or old experiences. It is important to reflect on these influences to develop self awareness and to enable ethical practice. In this paper, I examine my own personal bias about adolescence, a belief that teens are inherently rebellious and dismissive of family values. This bias comes from the cultural and religious expectations in my Turkish Muslim family of respecting elders and following tradition. Knowing this bias, I want to set up a personal learning goal to address this as I continue through this course in order for it not to attribute negative impacts regarding my future work with adolescent clients.

    **Identifying the Bias: Adolescents as Rebellious**

    I had a bias that adolescents are naturally rebellious, they follow their friends more than their parents, and disregard the cultural or religious norms. This fits with stereotypes of adolescence as a time of turbulence and rebellion (James, 2025). For instance, I could anticipate that a teenage client is going to challenge authority or dismiss parental advice, and therefore misread the intention behind a client’s behavior. This bias is particularly applicable for human development, since adolescence is a crucial life phase of identity exploration and raised autonomy (Beyers et al., 2025). If I do not address this assumption, I may make unfair judgements about clients, which could compromise the therapeutic trust and effectiveness.

    Though, research shows that adolescence is not always characterized by rebellion. As Skaar (2024) points out, although some adolescents exert risk-taking and oppositional behaviors, others make their way through this stage with healthy relationships and with adaptive coping. Perhaps my bias comes from overgeneralizations of certain cultural narratives instead of an acknowledgment of the diversity of adolescent experiences. The first step in mitigating the consequences of this discrepancy is understanding it.

    **Influence of Family of Origin and Cultural Values**

    I was raised in a Turkish Muslim household, surrounded by a collectivist culture focused on family cohesion, respect for elders and being guided by Islamic principles. In Turkey, adolescence is seen as a phase of transition during which one has to be involved in upholding family honor and other religious values. There was not always acceptance of behaviors that were perceived to be rebellious, such as questioning authority or playing with alternative identities. I remember how we used to talk regarding teenage independence as a disrespect if it contradicts with the parental aspirations. The lessons I learn from these experiences led to my thinking that asserting autonomy by adolescents is built into their defiant or ungrateful attitude.

    This was further reinforced by Islamic teachings which emphasize obedience to parents (Qur’an: 17:23-24). When I deviated from traditional norms, my parents often took that as a rejection of faith or family loyalty. This cultural lens is consistent with Dimopoulos et al. (2024)’s finding that religious families often view adolescent autonomy as a threat to moral or spiritual integrity. As a result, my bias stems from a culturally informed narrative that identifies adolescent independence as rebellion, not as a developmentally appropriate process of self discovery.

    **Impact of Bias on Therapeutic Practice**

    This bias could have a massive impact on my work with the adolescent clients. For example, I might unconsciously select interventions that serve to instill compliance with family expectations at the expenditure of independence for the client. However, this could alienate clients, stifling their developmental growth. Beyers et al. (2025) underline in their research that fostering adolescent autonomy equips them with resilience and a healthy identity. Assuming rebellion, I might also misunderstand normal behaviors, such as questioning of authority, as problematic instead of exploratory.

    Furthermore, my bias could be a barrier to me being culturally competent. Although I understand the concept of autonomy from my cultural framework, adolescents from other cultural backgrounds may express autonomy in different ways. Failure to take this diversity into account can lead to inappropriate efforts and misunderstanding. I must challenge this bias and develop a more nuanced view of adolescence to be able to provide client centered care.

    **Personal Learning Goal: Cultivating Open-Mindedness**

    In order to rectify this bias, my learning goal during this course is to become more open-minded about the behaviors of adolescents, and more particularly those regarding autonomy and identity exploration. More specifically, I want to reframe behaviors I had previously categorized as rebellious into developmentally appropriate ways of self discovering. This lesson ties in with the course objective of human development and includes understanding adolescence by reading assigned literature, attending class discussions, and completing reflective exercises.

    A practical approach is to consistently look for and incorporate peer reviewed research that contradicts my assumptions. For example, I would like to read studies such as ones conducted by Choudhry et al. (2023), which address neurological and social factors responsible for adolescent behavior. Grounding my perspective in evidence allows me to replace stereotypes with informed insights. In addition, I will undertake role plays and case studies with the course to role play conversations with adolescent clients without any preconceived judgement. My desired outcome is to meet each adolescent client with curiosity and empathy, recognizing their unique developmental journey rather than assuming defiance.

    **Conclusion**

    One key ethical component of therapeutic practice is to be able to identify and mitigate personal biases. Rooted in my Turkish Muslim upbringing, my bias came from thinking adolescents are innately rebellious with their cultural and religious values to be obedient and family loyal. Taking this perspective risks affecting my conversations with adolescent clients, eroding their autonomy and developmental requirements. To counter this, I set a learning goal to become more open minded and interact with evidence based literature to reduce this bias throughout this course. Ultimately, I want to be a therapist who appreciates the complexity of the adolescents, and who builds the trust and growth with the client. Therefore, this reflection represents the first step toward greater self-awareness and cultural competence to ensure that my biases do not prevent my effective work with diverse clients.

    **References**

    Beyers, W., Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2025). Autonomy in adolescence: a conceptual, developmental and cross-cultural perspective.
    _European Journal of Developmental Psychology_,
    _22_(2), 121-141.
    [https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2024.2330734](https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2024.2330734)

    Choudhury, S., Piera Pi-Sunyer, B., & Blakemore, S. J. (2023). A neuroecosocial perspective on adolescent development.
    _Annual Review of Developmental Psychology_,
    _5_(1), 285-307.
    [https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120321-011511](https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120321-011511)

    Dimopoulos, G., Shircore, M., & Hew, E. (2024). Adolescent autonomy to make a ‘catastrophically bad’decision informed by religious beliefs: To respect or protect?.
    _Alternative law journal_,
    _49_(4), 274-281.
    [https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X241289740](https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X241289740)

    James, A. G. (2025). The Historical Foundations of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. In
    _An Introduction to the History of Human Development and Family Science_ (pp. 34-48). Routledge.

    Skaar, N. R. (2024). Confirmation of a Reconceptualized definition and measure of adolescent risk behavior: adolescent viewpoints.
    _Journal of Adolescent Research_,
    _39_(3), 746-769.
    [https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211064566](https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211064566)

    **Screenshot2025-06-28at7.11.53PM.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot2025-06-28at7-11-53pm-png)

    **Screenshot2025-06-28at7.12.04PM.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot2025-06-28at7-12-04pm-png)

    **Screenshot2025-06-28at7.12.04PM.png**

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    **## Selfdc3.docx**

    2

    **Self-of-the-Therapist Reflection**

    Name of Student

    Lecturer Name

    Course

    Date

    **Self-of-the-Therapist Reflection**

    **Introduction**

    Therapists often, without our knowledge, carry around our own biases influencing how we view and relate to clients. Most often these biases are based on our family of origin, cultural upbringing or old experiences. It is important to reflect on these influences to develop self awareness and to enable ethical practice. In this paper, I examine my own personal bias about adolescence, a belief that teens are inherently rebellious and dismissive of family values. This bias comes from the cultural and religious expectations in my Turkish Muslim family of respecting elders and following tradition. Knowing this bias, I want to set up a personal learning goal to address this as I continue through this course in order for it not to attribute negative impacts regarding my future work with adolescent clients.

    **Identifying the Bias: Adolescents as Rebellious**

    I had a bias that adolescents are naturally rebellious, they follow their friends more than their parents, and disregard the cultural or religious norms. This fits with stereotypes of adolescence as a time of turbulence and rebellion (James, 2025). For instance, I could anticipate that a teenage client is going to challenge authority or dismiss parental advice, and therefore misread the intention behind a client’s behavior. This bias is particularly applicable for human development, since adolescence is a crucial life phase of identity exploration and raised autonomy (Beyers et al., 2025). If I do not address this assumption, I may make unfair judgements about clients, which could compromise the therapeutic trust and effectiveness.

    Though, research shows that adolescence is not always characterized by rebellion. As Skaar (2024) points out, although some adolescents exert risk-taking and oppositional behaviors, others make their way through this stage with healthy relationships and with adaptive coping. Perhaps my bias comes from overgeneralizations of certain cultural narratives instead of an acknowledgment of the diversity of adolescent experiences. The first step in mitigating the consequences of this discrepancy is understanding it.

    **Influence of Family of Origin and Cultural Values**

    I was raised in a Turkish Muslim household, surrounded by a collectivist culture focused on family cohesion, respect for elders and being guided by Islamic principles. In Turkey, adolescence is seen as a phase of transition during which one has to be involved in upholding family honor and other religious values. There was not always acceptance of behaviors that were perceived to be rebellious, such as questioning authority or playing with alternative identities. I remember how we used to talk regarding teenage independence as a disrespect if it contradicts with the parental aspirations. The lessons I learn from these experiences led to my thinking that asserting autonomy by adolescents is built into their defiant or ungrateful attitude.

    This was further reinforced by Islamic teachings which emphasize obedience to parents (Qur’an: 17:23-24). When I deviated from traditional norms, my parents often took that as a rejection of faith or family loyalty. This cultural lens is consistent with Dimopoulos et al. (2024)’s finding that religious families often view adolescent autonomy as a threat to moral or spiritual integrity. As a result, my bias stems from a culturally informed narrative that identifies adolescent independence as rebellion, not as a developmentally appropriate process of self discovery.

    **Impact of Bias on Therapeutic Practice**

    This bias could have a massive impact on my work with the adolescent clients. For example, I might unconsciously select interventions that serve to instill compliance with family expectations at the expenditure of independence for the client. However, this could alienate clients, stifling their developmental growth. Beyers et al. (2025) underline in their research that fostering adolescent autonomy equips them with resilience and a healthy identity. Assuming rebellion, I might also misunderstand normal behaviors, such as questioning of authority, as problematic instead of exploratory.

    Furthermore, my bias could be a barrier to me being culturally competent. Although I understand the concept of autonomy from my cultural framework, adolescents from other cultural backgrounds may express autonomy in different ways. Failure to take this diversity into account can lead to inappropriate efforts and misunderstanding. I must challenge this bias and develop a more nuanced view of adolescence to be able to provide client centered care.

    **Personal Learning Goal: Cultivating Open-Mindedness**

    In order to rectify this bias, my learning goal during this course is to become more open-minded about the behaviors of adolescents, and more particularly those regarding autonomy and identity exploration. More specifically, I want to reframe behaviors I had previously categorized as rebellious into developmentally appropriate ways of self discovering. This lesson ties in with the course objective of human development and includes understanding adolescence by reading assigned literature, attending class discussions, and completing reflective exercises.

    A practical approach is to consistently look for and incorporate peer reviewed research that contradicts my assumptions. For example, I would like to read studies such as ones conducted by Choudhry et al. (2023), which address neurological and social factors responsible for adolescent behavior. Grounding my perspective in evidence allows me to replace stereotypes with informed insights. In addition, I will undertake role plays and case studies with the course to role play conversations with adolescent clients without any preconceived judgement. My desired outcome is to meet each adolescent client with curiosity and empathy, recognizing their unique developmental journey rather than assuming defiance.

    **Conclusion**

    One key ethical component of therapeutic practice is to be able to identify and mitigate personal biases. Rooted in my Turkish Muslim upbringing, my bias came from thinking adolescents are innately rebellious with their cultural and religious values to be obedient and family loyal. Taking this perspective risks affecting my conversations with adolescent clients, eroding their autonomy and developmental requirements. To counter this, I set a learning goal to become more open minded and interact with evidence based literature to reduce this bias throughout this course. Ultimately, I want to be a therapist who appreciates the complexity of the adolescents, and who builds the trust and growth with the client. Therefore, this reflection represents the first step toward greater self-awareness and cultural competence to ensure that my biases do not prevent my effective work with diverse clients.

    **References**

    Beyers, W., Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2025). Autonomy in adolescence: a conceptual, developmental and cross-cultural perspective.
    _European Journal of Developmental Psychology_,
    _22_(2), 121-141.
    [https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2024.2330734](https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2024.2330734)

    Choudhury, S., Piera Pi-Sunyer, B., & Blakemore, S. J. (2023). A neuroecosocial perspective on adolescent development.
    _Annual Review of Developmental Psychology_,
    _5_(1), 285-307.
    [https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120321-011511](https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120321-011511)

    Dimopoulos, G., Shircore, M., & Hew, E. (2024). Adolescent autonomy to make a ‘catastrophically bad’decision informed by religious beliefs: To respect or protect?.
    _Alternative law journal_,
    _49_(4), 274-281.
    [https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X241289740](https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X241289740)

    James, A. G. (2025). The Historical Foundations of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. In
    _An Introduction to the History of Human Development and Family Science_ (pp. 34-48). Routledge.

    Skaar, N. R. (2024). Confirmation of a Reconceptualized definition and measure of adolescent risk behavior: adolescent viewpoints.
    _Journal of Adolescent Research_,
    _39_(3), 746-769.
    [https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211064566](https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211064566)

    **Screenshot2025-06-28at7.11.53PM.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot2025-06-28at7-11-53pm-png)

    **Screenshot2025-06-28at7.12.04PM.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot2025-06-28at7-12-04pm-png)

    **## Selfdc3.docx**

    2

    **Self-of-the-Therapist Reflection**

    Name of Student

    Lecturer Name

    Course

    Date

    **Self-of-the-Therapist Reflection**

    **Introduction**

    Therapists often, without our knowledge, carry around our own biases influencing how we view and relate to clients. Most often these biases are based on our family of origin, cultural upbringing or old experiences. It is important to reflect on these influences to develop self awareness and to enable ethical practice. In this paper, I examine my own personal bias about adolescence, a belief that teens are inherently rebellious and dismissive of family values. This bias comes from the cultural and religious expectations in my Turkish Muslim family of respecting elders and following tradition. Knowing this bias, I want to set up a personal learning goal to address this as I continue through this course in order for it not to attribute negative impacts regarding my future work with adolescent clients.

    **Identifying the Bias: Adolescents as Rebellious**

    I had a bias that adolescents are naturally rebellious, they follow their friends more than their parents, and disregard the cultural or religious norms. This fits with stereotypes of adolescence as a time of turbulence and rebellion (James, 2025). For instance, I could anticipate that a teenage client is going to challenge authority or dismiss parental advice, and therefore misread the intention behind a client’s behavior. This bias is particularly applicable for human development, since adolescence is a crucial life phase of identity exploration and raised autonomy (Beyers et al., 2025). If I do not address this assumption, I may make unfair judgements about clients, which could compromise the therapeutic trust and effectiveness.

    Though, research shows that adolescence is not always characterized by rebellion. As Skaar (2024) points out, although some adolescents exert risk-taking and oppositional behaviors, others make their way through this stage with healthy relationships and with adaptive coping. Perhaps my bias comes from overgeneralizations of certain cultural narratives instead of an acknowledgment of the diversity of adolescent experiences. The first step in mitigating the consequences of this discrepancy is understanding it.

    **Influence of Family of Origin and Cultural Values**

    I was raised in a Turkish Muslim household, surrounded by a collectivist culture focused on family cohesion, respect for elders and being guided by Islamic principles. In Turkey, adolescence is seen as a phase of transition during which one has to be involved in upholding family honor and other religious values. There was not always acceptance of behaviors that were perceived to be rebellious, such as questioning authority or playing with alternative identities. I remember how we used to talk regarding teenage independence as a disrespect if it contradicts with the parental aspirations. The lessons I learn from these experiences led to my thinking that asserting autonomy by adolescents is built into their defiant or ungrateful attitude.

    This was further reinforced by Islamic teachings which emphasize obedience to parents (Qur’an: 17:23-24). When I deviated from traditional norms, my parents often took that as a rejection of faith or family loyalty. This cultural lens is consistent with Dimopoulos et al. (2024)’s finding that religious families often view adolescent autonomy as a threat to moral or spiritual integrity. As a result, my bias stems from a culturally informed narrative that identifies adolescent independence as rebellion, not as a developmentally appropriate process of self discovery.

    **Impact of Bias on Therapeutic Practice**

    This bias could have a massive impact on my work with the adolescent clients. For example, I might unconsciously select interventions that serve to instill compliance with family expectations at the expenditure of independence for the client. However, this could alienate clients, stifling their developmental growth. Beyers et al. (2025) underline in their research that fostering adolescent autonomy equips them with resilience and a healthy identity. Assuming rebellion, I might also misunderstand normal behaviors, such as questioning of authority, as problematic instead of exploratory.

    Furthermore, my bias could be a barrier to me being culturally competent. Although I understand the concept of autonomy from my cultural framework, adolescents from other cultural backgrounds may express autonomy in different ways. Failure to take this diversity into account can lead to inappropriate efforts and misunderstanding. I must challenge this bias and develop a more nuanced view of adolescence to be able to provide client centered care.

    **Personal Learning Goal: Cultivating Open-Mindedness**

    In order to rectify this bias, my learning goal during this course is to become more open-minded about the behaviors of adolescents, and more particularly those regarding autonomy and identity exploration. More specifically, I want to reframe behaviors I had previously categorized as rebellious into developmentally appropriate ways of self discovering. This lesson ties in with the course objective of human development and includes understanding adolescence by reading assigned literature, attending class discussions, and completing reflective exercises.

    A practical approach is to consistently look for and incorporate peer reviewed research that contradicts my assumptions. For example, I would like to read studies such as ones conducted by Choudhry et al. (2023), which address neurological and social factors responsible for adolescent behavior. Grounding my perspective in evidence allows me to replace stereotypes with informed insights. In addition, I will undertake role plays and case studies with the course to role play conversations with adolescent clients without any preconceived judgement. My desired outcome is to meet each adolescent client with curiosity and empathy, recognizing their unique developmental journey rather than assuming defiance.

    **Conclusion**

    One key ethical component of therapeutic practice is to be able to identify and mitigate personal biases. Rooted in my Turkish Muslim upbringing, my bias came from thinking adolescents are innately rebellious with their cultural and religious values to be obedient and family loyal. Taking this perspective risks affecting my conversations with adolescent clients, eroding their autonomy and developmental requirements. To counter this, I set a learning goal to become more open minded and interact with evidence based literature to reduce this bias throughout this course. Ultimately, I want to be a therapist who appreciates the complexity of the adolescents, and who builds the trust and growth with the client. Therefore, this reflection represents the first step toward greater self-awareness and cultural competence to ensure that my biases do not prevent my effective work with diverse clients.

    **References**

    Beyers, W., Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2025). Autonomy in adolescence: a conceptual, developmental and cross-cultural perspective.
    _European Journal of Developmental Psychology_,
    _22_(2), 121-141.
    [https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2024.2330734](https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2024.2330734)

    Choudhury, S., Piera Pi-Sunyer, B., & Blakemore, S. J. (2023). A neuroecosocial perspective on adolescent development.
    _Annual Review of Developmental Psychology_,
    _5_(1), 285-307.
    [https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120321-011511](https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120321-011511)

    Dimopoulos, G., Shircore, M., & Hew, E. (2024). Adolescent autonomy to make a ‘catastrophically bad’decision informed by religious beliefs: To respect or protect?.
    _Alternative law journal_,
    _49_(4), 274-281.
    [https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X241289740](https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X241289740)

    James, A. G. (2025). The Historical Foundations of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. In
    _An Introduction to the History of Human Development and Family Science_ (pp. 34-48). Routledge.

    Skaar, N. R. (2024). Confirmation of a Reconceptualized definition and measure of adolescent risk behavior: adolescent viewpoints.
    _Journal of Adolescent Research_,
    _39_(3), 746-769.
    [https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211064566](https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211064566)

    **Screenshot2025-06-28at7.11.53PM.png**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/screenshot2025-06-28at7-11-53pm-png)

    **Screenshot2025-06-28at7.12.04PM.png**

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    – 1
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  • [Solved] couc 667 cp- f claire

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    – ## CasePresentationAssessmentDiagnosisCPADAssignmentInstructions.docx **## CasePresentationAssessmentDiagnosisCPADAssignmentInstructions.docx** **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment Instructions** **Overview** This is the first part of your **Case Presentation** **Assignme…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## CasePresentationAssessmentDiagnosisCPADAssignmentInstructions.docx

    **## CasePresentationAssessmentDiagnosisCPADAssignmentInstructions.docx**

    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment Instructions**

    **Overview**

    This is the first part of your
    **Case Presentation** **Assignment**. This is called a formative assignment in that you will get to “practice” the process of assessment and diagnosis. This is an essential first step toward the development of a sound case conceptualization and treatment plan. It is the foundation of the “golden thread” when working with a client. If you miss the mark here, it can lead your treatment plan astray and potentially do harm.

    **Instructions**

    For this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**,
    you will complete the Assessment and Diagnosis portion of the case presentation as illustrated in the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Template** and
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Example** documents.

    **At the end of this description of instructions, you will see the detailed instructions of the content that CP-AD should have.**

    You will use the data you collected during the role play (CIR) when you played the role of the counselor during that initial clinical interview. The client you interviewed during the role play (
    **CIR)** will be your client for the entire project of the Case Presentation. The information you gathered during the role play will be used to complete the Case Conceptualization (CC), the Treatment Plan (TP) and the Final Presentation paper
    **.**

    As you work on the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**, you may have to “interview” your client to gain access to missing data points. Additionally, as you work through this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**, you may “consult” with your clinical team via Microsoft Teams.

    Below you will find step-by-step instructions to complete this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**.

    · This assignment is to be 5 to 8 pages in length

    · This page count excludes a cover page and reference section

    · Please utilize APA 7th edition formatting

    · Please be sure to include headings, subheadings and intext citations

    · The assignment requires at least 1 citation, e.g., DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022). Do Not use any other version of the DSM, only the DSM-5-TR.

    · Note if other sources are used they are to be scholarly articles published within the last five years unless they are considered seminal works in the field of study.

    To complete this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**, do the following:

    1) Review the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Instructions below.**

    2) Review the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Example** document.

    3) Review the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Template** document. Follow the APA formatting as provided in the template. It is developed to help you stay aligned with assignment expectations based on the assignment instructions and grading rubric.

    4) Write the Identifying Information and Reason for Referral/Presenting Problem.

    5) After collecting all the clinical data, write up the “Summary of Assessment.”

    6) After writing the summary, develop your DSM-5 TR diagnosis. Most often in clinical work this will include a primary diagnosis, a comorbidity, and Z-codes. You can “consult” with your clinical team as needed in the development of the diagnosis. Please write the diagnosis in the format indicated in the DSM-5 TR and the example provided.

    7) As you begin to establish a diagnosis, consider the definition of Mental Disorder stated in the DSM-5 TR (pp. 13-14) and consider the 4 D’s of diagnosing: deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. Consider onset of symptoms, duration of symptoms, frequency of symptoms, severity of symptoms (mild, moderate, severe), deviance from the norm, descriptive lineaments (good insight, poor insight, absent insight), and impairment in functioning. Consider differential diagnosis, course of the disorder (partial remission, full remission), and Risk: Suicide, Homicide, and other self-harming behaviors.

    8) After you solidified your diagnoses, then develop your diagnostic impression. The impression is an integration of DSM-5 TR criteria, specifiers, severity with supporting evidence from the case study.

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool. Make sure the Turnitin report is less than 30%.

    Be sure to review the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Grading Rubric** before beginning this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**.

    Please see below the detailed information that needs to be included in the CP-AD. Follow the instructions, template, and example.

    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (C-PAD) Template**

    **Assessment and Diagnosis**

    **Identifying Data**

    COUC 667

    COUC 667

    Page 2 of 2

    Date of Initial Assessment:

    PSEUDO Name: (this will be the name of the case study client you interviewed in the Role Play; Gretel, Claire, Geore, etc.)

    Age:

    Gender:

    **Reason for Referral/Presenting Problem**

    Provide a brief reason the client has entered into counseling. This may be a triggering event such as a divorce, death, pandemic, loss of employment, bullying or client reported increase in signs, symptoms, impaired functioning, etc. Ideally, offering direct quotes on how the client describes the reason, presenting problem.

    **Confidentiality**

    This section should include a statement indicating that you reviewed confidentiality and the limitations therein.

    **Source of Information**

    Provide the source and the manner in which data was obtained in the preparation of this report. This includes both formal and informal or semi-structured assessments in the summary as well as throughout the case presentation as necessary to support your conclusions.

    **Assessment**

    Offer clinically relevant background information on the client. Write this out in paragraph format using complete sentences, – no bullet points. Note: the case studies are limited and, if no data is present, note this under the heading below. The section should include the following in this order:

    (If no assessment data was available, then indicate how would you assess this client in real practice and the importance of assessing such area)

    **Family and Home Background/Religious Background**

    Identifying information about parents and siblings (names, ages, occupations, etc.). Client’s perception of the home environment and relationships within the family. Critical family incidents may be included. Also note any events that triggered the client, family coming to counseling, e.g., precipitating events.

    **Educational History**

    Description of pertinent information in relation to educational background including academic achievement, school instances that were significant for understanding the individual and the client’s attitude toward education. Any assessment information would be helpful.

    **Mental Health**

    Historical and as well as present signs, symptoms as well as mental health test results (formal and informal) such as DSM-5 cross-cutting symptom measure, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Depression Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, etc.

    **Mental Status Exam**

    When first meeting the client, what are your observations that would include speech; mood; affect; orientation to person, place, time; thought process; delusions; hallucinations; concentration, suicide ideation, etc. Also include any self-harm, e.g, cutting and/or harm to other.

    Indicate onset of symptoms, duration of symptoms, frequency of symptoms, severity of symptoms (mild, moderate, severe), deviance from the norm, descriptive lineaments (good insight, poor insight, absent insight), and impairment in functioning.

    **Risk Assessment**

    A description of the assessment for Suicide, Homicide, and other self-harming behaviors. Indicate the level of risk assessed.

    **Client’s Physical/Medical Health**

    A statement of the client’s significant health history, current treatment and medications.

    **Occupational History**

    A description of the client’s vocational history. Emphasis should be placed on current occupational functioning, history of work problems and reason for change. Quality of work and satisfaction and interests.

    **Sexual Adjustment**

    Current status, significant problems or disturbances in functioning, alternate lifestyles

    **Substance Use History**

    Description of client’s alcohol/drug use, patterns of use, and last use; as well as how often client uses and how much.

    **Spiritual Assessment**

    Does client believe in God? Attend church? What role does religious affiliation play in the client’s life? Are spiritual resources or issues important to client? How does client describe God? What is the state of the client’s spiritual awareness? Additionally, an assessment of the religious background of the family is included.

    **Cultural Factors**

    Does the client have any factors such as acculturation, discrimination, etc that impact the client and may be source of signs, symptoms? How would the client explain the problem from their cultural lens?

    **Barriers to Treatment/Success**

    Are there personality factors, stages of change influences, or contextual factors that would influence the success of treatment?

    **Other pertinent data**

    Provide any other data points not captured from the sections above such as signs, symptoms, severity, onset, conditions, context that provide a clearer picture for the development and discernment of the diagnosis as well as client insight and motivation to treatment. As you begin to establish a diagnosis, consider the definition of Mental Disorder stated in the DSM-5 TR (pp. 13-14) and consider the 4 D’s of diagnosing: deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. Consider onset of symptoms, duration of symptoms, frequency of symptoms, severity of symptoms (mild, moderate, severe), deviance from the norm, descriptive lineaments (good insight, poor insight, absent insight), and impairment in functioning. Consider differential diagnosis, course of the disorder (partial remission, full remission), and Risk: Suicide, Homicide, and other self-harming behaviors.

    **Diagnostic Impressions**

    **DSM-5 Diagnosis**

    Primary – F 32.1 major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate

    Secondary – this may include another diagnosis such as GAD and also Z-codes.

    **Differential Diagnosis**

    Be sure to include diagnoses that you are still assessing for to rule them out (For example, you may be ruling out Generalized Anxiety Disorder, but the client has not yet had anxiety for 6 months or longer, so you’re keeping it as a provisional diagnosis). Make sure the rationale is directly connected to the DSM-5 TR.

    **Diagnosis Rationale**

    When writing up this section, make sure to offer each disorder criteria with case data to support the diagnosis. For each diagnosis, offer a separate paragraph in the diagnostic impression/rationale. Below are examples of incorrect and correct ways to write it up:

    · Not correct– The client has a marked fear about one or more social situations. The individual feared that he will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated (offered DSM criteria only).

    · Not correct – The client is depressed and noted sadness during the interview. The client isolated herself at home (problem, did not connect to DSM criteria).

    · Correct – The client has marked fear in several social situations as evidenced by her fear when presenting in class, turning in a paper, and speaking with classmates (A1). She is fearful to speak up when feeling wronged by her supervisor, avoids chatting with co-workers, and isolates herself at home when asked to attend social events (A2). Her fears are founded on the belief that she will act in ways that will be perceived negatively by instructors, classmates, and coworkers (B3). Offer criteria and case study data to support it.

    Make sure to use Z codes as needed that are found in the back of the DSM-5 TR. At times, if no disorder is appropriate, a z-code may be the principal diagnosis.

    Make sure to offer a paragraph of z-codes in the diagnostic impression/rationale.

    The first paragraph is only for the principal diagnosis, the next paragraph is on the second disorder, and then additional paragraphs are for the other disorders. Each paragraph is to focus on only one disorder. It is like building a court defense. If your records are subpoenaed or you transfer a client to another counselor, they are not questioning your diagnosis as being incorrect, or inconclusive based on the diagnostic discussion. For the final paragraph, discuss your differential diagnosis.

    This section should include a concise rationale for each diagnosis, differential diagnoses, and Z codes provided above.

    **References**

    At least offer the DSM-5 TR as a reference.

    **## CasePresentationAssessmentDiagnosisCPADAssignmentInstructions.docx**

    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment Instructions**

    **Overview**

    This is the first part of your
    **Case Presentation** **Assignment**. This is called a formative assignment in that you will get to “practice” the process of assessment and diagnosis. This is an essential first step toward the development of a sound case conceptualization and treatment plan. It is the foundation of the “golden thread” when working with a client. If you miss the mark here, it can lead your treatment plan astray and potentially do harm.

    **Instructions**

    For this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**,
    you will complete the Assessment and Diagnosis portion of the case presentation as illustrated in the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Template** and
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Example** documents.

    **At the end of this description of instructions, you will see the detailed instructions of the content that CP-AD should have.**

    You will use the data you collected during the role play (CIR) when you played the role of the counselor during that initial clinical interview. The client you interviewed during the role play (
    **CIR)** will be your client for the entire project of the Case Presentation. The information you gathered during the role play will be used to complete the Case Conceptualization (CC), the Treatment Plan (TP) and the Final Presentation paper
    **.**

    As you work on the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**, you may have to “interview” your client to gain access to missing data points. Additionally, as you work through this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**, you may “consult” with your clinical team via Microsoft Teams.

    Below you will find step-by-step instructions to complete this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**.

    · This assignment is to be 5 to 8 pages in length

    · This page count excludes a cover page and reference section

    · Please utilize APA 7th edition formatting

    · Please be sure to include headings, subheadings and intext citations

    · The assignment requires at least 1 citation, e.g., DSM-5-TR (APA, 2022). Do Not use any other version of the DSM, only the DSM-5-TR.

    · Note if other sources are used they are to be scholarly articles published within the last five years unless they are considered seminal works in the field of study.

    To complete this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**, do the following:

    1) Review the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Instructions below.**

    2) Review the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Example** document.

    3) Review the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment and Diagnosis Template** document. Follow the APA formatting as provided in the template. It is developed to help you stay aligned with assignment expectations based on the assignment instructions and grading rubric.

    4) Write the Identifying Information and Reason for Referral/Presenting Problem.

    5) After collecting all the clinical data, write up the “Summary of Assessment.”

    6) After writing the summary, develop your DSM-5 TR diagnosis. Most often in clinical work this will include a primary diagnosis, a comorbidity, and Z-codes. You can “consult” with your clinical team as needed in the development of the diagnosis. Please write the diagnosis in the format indicated in the DSM-5 TR and the example provided.

    7) As you begin to establish a diagnosis, consider the definition of Mental Disorder stated in the DSM-5 TR (pp. 13-14) and consider the 4 D’s of diagnosing: deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. Consider onset of symptoms, duration of symptoms, frequency of symptoms, severity of symptoms (mild, moderate, severe), deviance from the norm, descriptive lineaments (good insight, poor insight, absent insight), and impairment in functioning. Consider differential diagnosis, course of the disorder (partial remission, full remission), and Risk: Suicide, Homicide, and other self-harming behaviors.

    8) After you solidified your diagnoses, then develop your diagnostic impression. The impression is an integration of DSM-5 TR criteria, specifiers, severity with supporting evidence from the case study.

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool. Make sure the Turnitin report is less than 30%.

    Be sure to review the
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Grading Rubric** before beginning this
    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (CP-AD) Assignment**.

    Please see below the detailed information that needs to be included in the CP-AD. Follow the instructions, template, and example.

    **Case Presentation: Assessment & Diagnosis (C-PAD) Template**

    **Assessment and Diagnosis**

    **Identifying Data**

    COUC 667

    COUC 667

    Page 2 of 2

    Date of Initial Assessment:

    PSEUDO Name: (this will be the name of the case study client you interviewed in the Role Play; Gretel, Claire, Geore, etc.)

    Age:

    Gender:

    **Reason for Referral/Presenting Problem**

    Provide a brief reason the client has entered into counseling. This may be a triggering event such as a divorce, death, pandemic, loss of employment, bullying or client reported increase in signs, symptoms, impaired functioning, etc. Ideally, offering direct quotes on how the client describes the reason, presenting problem.

    **Confidentiality**

    This section should include a statement indicating that you reviewed confidentiality and the limitations therein.

    **Source of Information**

    Provide the source and the manner in which data was obtained in the preparation of this report. This includes both formal and informal or semi-structured assessments in the summary as well as throughout the case presentation as necessary to support your conclusions.

    **Assessment**

    Offer clinically relevant background information on the client. Write this out in paragraph format using complete sentences, – no bullet points. Note: the case studies are limited and, if no data is present, note this under the heading below. The section should include the following in this order:

    (If no assessment data was available, then indicate how would you assess this client in real practice and the importance of assessing such area)

    **Family and Home Background/Religious Background**

    Identifying information about parents and siblings (names, ages, occupations, etc.). Client’s perception of the home environment and relationships within the family. Critical family incidents may be included. Also note any events that triggered the client, family coming to counseling, e.g., precipitating events.

    **Educational History**

    Description of pertinent information in relation to educational background including academic achievement, school instances that were significant for understanding the individual and the client’s attitude toward education. Any assessment information would be helpful.

    **Mental Health**

    Historical and as well as present signs, symptoms as well as mental health test results (formal and informal) such as DSM-5 cross-cutting symptom measure, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Depression Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, etc.

    **Mental Status Exam**

    When first meeting the client, what are your observations that would include speech; mood; affect; orientation to person, place, time; thought process; delusions; hallucinations; concentration, suicide ideation, etc. Also include any self-harm, e.g, cutting and/or harm to other.

    Indicate onset of symptoms, duration of symptoms, frequency of symptoms, severity of symptoms (mild, moderate, severe), deviance from the norm, descriptive lineaments (good insight, poor insight, absent insight), and impairment in functioning.

    **Risk Assessment**

    A description of the assessment for Suicide, Homicide, and other self-harming behaviors. Indicate the level of risk assessed.

    **Client’s Physical/Medical Health**

    A statement of the client’s significant health history, current treatment and medications.

    **Occupational History**

    A description of the client’s vocational history. Emphasis should be placed on current occupational functioning, history of work problems and reason for change. Quality of work and satisfaction and interests.

    **Sexual Adjustment**

    Current status, significant problems or disturbances in functioning, alternate lifestyles

    **Substance Use History**

    Description of client’s alcohol/drug use, patterns of use, and last use; as well as how often client uses and how much.

    **Spiritual Assessment**

    Does client believe in God? Attend church? What role does religious affiliation play in the client’s life? Are spiritual resources or issues important to client? How does client describe God? What is the state of the client’s spiritual awareness? Additionally, an assessment of the religious background of the family is included.

    **Cultural Factors**

    Does the client have any factors such as acculturation, discrimination, etc that impact the client and may be source of signs, symptoms? How would the client explain the problem from their cultural lens?

    **Barriers to Treatment/Success**

    Are there personality factors, stages of change influences, or contextual factors that would influence the success of treatment?

    **Other pertinent data**

    Provide any other data points not captured from the sections above such as signs, symptoms, severity, onset, conditions, context that provide a clearer picture for the development and discernment of the diagnosis as well as client insight and motivation to treatment. As you begin to establish a diagnosis, consider the definition of Mental Disorder stated in the DSM-5 TR (pp. 13-14) and consider the 4 D’s of diagnosing: deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. Consider onset of symptoms, duration of symptoms, frequency of symptoms, severity of symptoms (mild, moderate, severe), deviance from the norm, descriptive lineaments (good insight, poor insight, absent insight), and impairment in functioning. Consider differential diagnosis, course of the disorder (partial remission, full remission), and Risk: Suicide, Homicide, and other self-harming behaviors.

    **Diagnostic Impressions**

    **DSM-5 Diagnosis**

    Primary – F 32.1 major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate

    Secondary – this may include another diagnosis such as GAD and also Z-codes.

    **Differential Diagnosis**

    Be sure to include diagnoses that you are still assessing for to rule them out (For example, you may be ruling out Generalized Anxiety Disorder, but the client has not yet had anxiety for 6 months or longer, so you’re keeping it as a provisional diagnosis). Make sure the rationale is directly connected to the DSM-5 TR.

    **Diagnosis Rationale**

    When writing up this section, make sure to offer each disorder criteria with case data to support the diagnosis. For each diagnosis, offer a separate paragraph in the diagnostic impression/rationale. Below are examples of incorrect and correct ways to write it up:

    · Not correct– The client has a marked fear about one or more social situations. The individual feared that he will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated (offered DSM criteria only).

    · Not correct – The client is depressed and noted sadness during the interview. The client isolated herself at home (problem, did not connect to DSM criteria).

    · Correct – The client has marked fear in several social situations as evidenced by her fear when presenting in class, turning in a paper, and speaking with classmates (A1). She is fearful to speak up when feeling wronged by her supervisor, avoids chatting with co-workers, and isolates herself at home when asked to attend social events (A2). Her fears are founded on the belief that she will act in ways that will be perceived negatively by instructors, classmates, and coworkers (B3). Offer criteria and case study data to support it.

    Make sure to use Z codes as needed that are found in the back of the DSM-5 TR. At times, if no disorder is appropriate, a z-code may be the principal diagnosis.

    Make sure to offer a paragraph of z-codes in the diagnostic impression/rationale.

    The first paragraph is only for the principal diagnosis, the next paragraph is on the second disorder, and then additional paragraphs are for the other disorders. Each paragraph is to focus on only one disorder. It is like building a court defense. If your records are subpoenaed or you transfer a client to another counselor, they are not questioning your diagnosis as being incorrect, or inconclusive based on the diagnostic discussion. For the final paragraph, discuss your differential diagnosis.

    This section should include a concise rationale for each diagnosis, differential diagnoses, and Z codes provided above.

    **References**

    At least offer the DSM-5 TR as a reference.