Tag: Clinical-Nursing

Discussion Managing Information

For this Discussion, initial responses must be at least 300 words, and should follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.). Your writing should be well ordered, logical and unified, as well as original and insightful. Your work should display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics. Make two or more responses to classmates that are thoughtful and advance the discussion.

During this Managing Information unit, you will discuss the following three questions:

Give examples of error reduction strategies.

What will be the shift in the role of information system personnel, such as the health information staff and the information systems staff, in the continuous quality improvement area?

Analyze at least 3 classmates’ comments into one new comment of your own. You must analyze/synthesize viewpoints and assumptions of classmates and experts. Below are 3 classmates comments.

1. Absolutely I believe that bullying is a public health issue. When you consider all of the factors that come into play when it comes to the heartbreaking (in my opinion) epidemic. Bullying has bee one of the key factors in not only students but everyday people having to dealt with. This type of behavior towards people have led to many people committing suicide, having homicidal tendencies, drug and alcohol dependency, and other dangerous behaviors. Although studies have shown that bullying has decreased in percentage in schools, it is still an issue that needs to be dealt with. The study was conducted at John Hopkins University and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. This data included self-reported data from more than 246,000 students in grades four through 12th at 109 schools. (Bradshaw, 2017)

2. Bullying is a public health issue that affects all persons involved. It impacts the person being bullied and can ultimately lead to health issues such as depression or stress influenced ulcers. It also impacts the bully and person’s who are witnessing and just not saying anything because they’re scared to begin getting bullied themselves. (VET, 2017) Students who are bullied have a higher risk of suicide, however, the reasons why a person may be at risk of suicide are extremely complicated. The person being bullied can result in acting out and start taking their anger and frustrations out on people around them at school or home, according to stopbullying.com, in 12 of 15 school shooting cases in the 1990s, the shooters had a history of being bullied.

3. Bullying is a public health problem, it is a form of abuse that affects the victim’s mental and physical health (Prevention of bullying, n.d.). Victims of bullying are more likely to develop depression or anxiety (Bullying, 2016). Furthermore, the effects are not only limited to the victims but also affects the perpetrators as well. Perpetrators are likely to develop antisocial personality disorder and more prone to abuse drugs between the ages of 27-32 years (Hertz, Donato, Wright, 2013). In conclusion, bullying is a public health environmental problem that can have a lasting negative mental and physical health effects to both the victims, bystanders, and perpetrators (French, 2017).

Strategies for disseminating EBP proposal

Identify the audience for your EBP proposal and discuss strategies for disseminating the proposal. at least 250 words with at least one reference and intext citation

CONTINUITY OF CARE NURSING RESEARCH

Continuity of care is a purposeful activity that is given by doctors and physician in their various hospitals. Health care should, therefore, be administrated before, after or even during the treatment process to a discharged patient. Scientifically, continuity of care is a great process by which the medics monitor the health conditions of the patients on a regular basis. Continuity of care is, therefore, an ideal strategy which helps to facilitate positive health development and monitoring the diverse body changing progressions (Van Walraven, Taljaard, Bell, Etchells, Stiell, Zarnke & Forster, 2010).

Any patient has a right to good patient care, and the physician and doctors should provide that which is expected to the patients. However, it has been said that most doctors and physicians do have a tendency of providing less Medicare as soon the patient is discharged from hospital and that that is not good. As a result, the patients develop more medical complication which forces them to seek medical attention in a clinic as soon as possible.

Continuity of care does not work like that. This term implies total complete care for the patient in the both the three stages of disease treatment which are:

Pre- treatment stage: this is the initial feeling of uneasy and there, therefore, the patient feels that they are sick. They, therefore, approach the hospital or any other facility that is concerned with the disease treatment. They have to consult the medical experts to ascertain that whatever they are feeling is an ailment. After confirmation that they are files of growth and development in the society feeling sick the patient is taken to the next step known as treatment stage and here is whereby the patient is given various lab tests, and treatment begins as soon the lab technician determine what disease is affecting the client.

Treatment stage: This is the second step of medication and treatment where the patient is subjected to various treatment procedures sang clinics to attend for getting medication. There are various types of treatment procedure which include administering oral drugs, administering drugs through of injections, electrical machinery treatment among various other inventions that encompasses that active treatment session (Van Walraven, Taljaard, Bell, Etchells, Stiell, Zarnke & Forster, 2010).

Post treatment stage: This is the final stage of treatment which is also known as the recovery state. This is a crucial stage because it indicates the progress of the patient. The patient starts healing, and the healing continues until the end of ailment. However, regular tests still have to be taken to ensure that the patient is recovering well.

This paper is concerned with the reason why most physicians do not want to go on with the continuing care plan. There are various research questions associated with the development of the process of growth and development. Why is it that most patients complain a lot about why most physicians do not want to follow their medical track progress? Most physicians are usually ready to say yes when they are asked about whether they observe the continuing care plan. Is it this true of what they say about the care plan? What is the importance of the continuing care plan to the patients (Van Walraven, Taljaard, Bell, Etchells, Stiell, Zarnke & Forster, 2010)?

Method of study

In the section, there were various methodologies of research that were used to identify determine whether the claims of the continuity of care programs were true. First and foremost, the following techniques were used to investigate the claims about physicians and the continuity of and the continuity of care plan (Van Walraven, Taljaard, Bell, Etchells, Stiell, Zarnke & Forster, 2010).

1. There was a multicenter study of patients who were discharged from the hospital at a specific period of their emergent hospitalization. This means that all patients who left the hospital at a specific time were analyzed both about their pre- treatment and post opinion records and results and also their post recovery medication was also studied

2. The number of visits to the physicians paid to the patients in six months was also analyzed. This includes every detail concerning the attendance of the physicians including the days they did and did not appear to measure the health progress of their patients.

3. The record of physician’s visits was also well analyzed including asking the previous physicians about their regular visits and comparing this with the last current visits

4. There was also an analysis of the four physician continuity scores including pre admission, hospital admitting, post discharge and hospital discharge.

The analysis of the four community scores was one of the best and accurate methods in this analysis due to the long process rate of detailed analysis of all the records in the four continuity score sheets. To begin with the pre admission provides a good set of records indicating the current health status of the patient even when they are sick such that they will be administered with disease they shall be able to have better results of growth and development ideologies secondly the other crucial type of analysis in the four continuity score sheets is the last step which is also known as post discharge examination. Most physicians fail to investigate this process due to the assumption that the patient is already feeling well and there are no possible complications. This is a false claim hence physicians must attend to the patient even after they have started to recover to ascertain whether they are recovering.

Results of the study

After a careful study of the rate of continuity score sheets, it was discovered that about five thousand patients who were followed their analysis showed that the four continuity score sheets recorded a very low attendance of the physicians. This shows not many physicians like to follow up their patient especially after they have been discharged from the hospital. Thus this confirms that the claim that most physicians do not follow up their patient’s health status even after they have been discharged from the hospital for later recovery. There were very few physicians who attended to the patient treatment program on a regular basis, but the n majority did not.

Conclusion

In conclusion, there is much evidence put forth to confirm that most doctors and physicians do not get concerned about the continuity care program instituted in the various health centers. As many such patients are having a problem with their health record regular check up and analysis. This brings in the need for the physicians to consider attending to the patients’ health condition (Van Walraven, Taljaard, Bell, Etchells, Stiell, Zarnke & Forster, 2010).

References

van Walraven, C., Taljaard, M., Bell, C. M., Etchells, E., Stiell, I. G., Zarnke, K., & Forster, A. J. (2010). A prospective cohort study found that provider and information continuity was low after patient discharge from the hospital. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 63(9), 1000- 1010.

Home Monitoring Services to Patients

Introduction

The current care programs for patients with cancer who undergo chemotherapy require patients to attend the health care facility once for blood tests. Additionally, they are required to arrange for the process of treatment. If the white blood cells of the patient are not within specific standards or parameters, the subsequent chemotherapy cycle cannot commence, and a patient is forced to go back home. It leads to many cycles that waste resources, effort, and time both for the hospital and the patient. As a result, about 10 percent of chemotherapy cycles are often canceled because of the white blood cells irregularity. Therefore, the following article presents a qualitative research study that looks at a particular qualitative peer-reviewed research article to establish its contribution regarding treatment of patients who have cancer.

Background of Research Study

The Clinical Problem that led to the Study

As presented by (Fletcher, Wiest, Halasyamani, Lin, Nelson, Kaufman & Schapira, 2008), the clinical and research problem that led to the study regards many cycles which patients who are suffering from cancer have to undergo as they seek treatment services in different health care facilities. For example, patients are offered several appointments as they go through the process of testing and treatment schedules once diagnosed with cancer. It results in many cycles that waste resources, effort, and delays treatment process from the time cancerous cells are detected. Delayed treatment process makes a patient spend a lot of money that would have been saved if the treatment commenced right at the detection stage. As asserted by (Fletcher et al., 2008), over a long period, delayed treatment has persisted without ever discovering efficient and enhanced methods that could facilitate medication process for those who have cancer.

The Significance of the Study

According to (Fletcher et al., 2008), the gap that needs to be implemented in the current health care programs regards the creation of a home-based treatment initiative. Therefore, (Fletcher et al., 2008) recommends the execution of home monitoring and treatment programs for patients who have cancer. It would support patients during chemotherapy and thus forms a quality improvement plan run that should be run by all health care organizations. It is a self-care program aimed at improving the quality of care offered to cancer patients, and it would result in the following health care benefits.

Firstly, implementing home monitoring and treatment programs will transform the way cancer patients are supported at home. For instance, (Fletcher et al., 2008) asserts that the program would recognize the desire of health care providers to remain optimally aware of the health of patients while recovering from chemotherapy at their residential places. If adverse effects are identified early on time, it can lead to potentially life-saving and timely interventions that can improve the quality of care given to the patients. Secondly, monitoring the status of the patients between their doses of chemotherapy will also be beneficial in reducing the risks of calling the patients in for treatment when they are insufficiently recovered from previous cycles.

Regular monitoring will greatly improve the quality of patient care, hospital efficiency, and patient quality of life. According to (Fletcher et al., 2008), the third benefit would come in the form of improving patient care and peace of mind. For many cancer patients, chemotherapy is a stressful time. Most significantly, their justifiable worries and concerns about their prognosis can make it extremely challenging for them to objectively give reliable feedback about all the crucial factors which relate to their current status of health. Home monitoring programs can effectively be designed to assist patients to collaborate with their hospital team regularly. Using the home monitoring approach, patients are likely to feel less isolated.

The Purpose of the Study -Home Monitoring Services to Patients

The purpose of the study is to improve the quality of patient’s life during chemotherapy and decrease the number of hospital visits needed by them (Fletcher et al., 2008). The authors indicated that it could easily be executed by piloting a creative and innovative remote monitoring service for the healthcare organization’s cancer patients. It is intended to determine their hemoglobin, white blood cells and self- reported sign at the convenience of their homes.

Research Questions answered by the Home Monitoring Services to Patients Study

Following the qualitative research study conducted by (Fletcher et al., 2008), in amid to find a reliable treatment process, the authors were guided by the following research questions;

What measures are worth implementing to reduce the cost of cancer treatment?

Are there efficient programs that can reduce several cycles made by patients as they seek medication? See APA when when writing bullet statements.

The above research questions raised by Fletcher et al., 2008 are consistent with research problem concerning many cycles which patients are suffering from cancer undergo. They probe various ways of resolving the agony that patients suffer as they seek medical attention.

Method of Research Study

The study was conducted using direct interviews aimed at addressing two significant aspects of patient care going through chemotherapy: adverse events and treatment schedule. The target audience for the study fell into three categories: cancer patients, families with cancer patients, and community centers providing care for cancer patients (Fletcher et al., 2008). Random sampling technique was applied to identify respondents. They included those directly and indirectly affected by cancer. The respondents greatly assisted in the entire public if one of their family members, friends, relatives and loved ones fall sick as a result of cancer (Fletcher et al., 2008).

Results of Research Study

In the study, it was revealed that large populations of cancer patients receive chemotherapy. For instance, about 11 percent of them experience complications that lead to being admitted urgently. Therefore, through home monitoring of the high-risk cancer patients, the health care facilities can move with swiftness to identify potential indications of these adverse occurrences (Fletcher et al., 2008). Additionally, there are already innovations such as Philips Minicare Home remote monitoring service. They give oncologists at the healthcare organization regular access to specific health assessment results such as temperature readings and white blood cell counts.

The burden of implementing this project is light and cost-effective. Firstly, any health facility that intends to implement the home monitoring program needs to procure Minicare Home system devices from any consumer electronics provider such as Philips. As indicated by (Fletcher et al., 2008) the Minicare Home system is easy to use and intuitive. The procured equipment from a selected organization can deliver the equipment required for home monitoring directly to their patients, which includes patient training in the comfort of their homes.

Home Monitoring Services to Patients Ethical Considerations

The study conducted by (Fletcher et al., 2008) was approved by a recognized institutional review board, and thus its findings are reliable for the actual implementation. Additionally, while conducting the study, the privacy of the respondents was observed. This way, the results highlighted above provide the true records that can be relied on for further studies.

Conclusion

Finally, if vital patient information can be relayed to the clinical team effectively, then home monitoring and treatment programs can be considered a success. Improved and quality care is another evaluation criterion that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. As a result, if patient cares regarding chemotherapy cycles are improved, home monitoring and treatment methods can be considered a successful initiative. This study is thorough in conducting home monitoring and treatment programs but will not be as helpful contributing resource in an inpatient, medical surgical floor.

References

Fletcher, K. E., Wiest, F. C., Halasyamani, L., Lin, J., Nelson, V., Kaufman, S. R., & Schapira, M. (2008). How do hospitalized patients feel about resident work hours, fatigue, and discontinuity of care? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(5), 623-8. doi: http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0384-0

PICOT Statement and Research References

Does Continuity of care (I) influence Length of Stay (O) in Diabetes patients who have been hospitalized in a med-surgical unit (P) during inpatient stay (T)?

Population: Hospitalized/ In-patient Medical Surgical Patients

Intervention: The nursing staff role regarding staffing assignments and concept of continuity of care

Comparison: The nursing staff role as a non-consistent or no continuity staffing assignment (staffing varies day to day)

Outcome: When the nurse staffing is maintained at continuous members per patient when available, there will be decreased readmission rates for same diagnosis over a 6-month period of time and an overall decreased need for lengthened inpatient time.

Time: Length of stay, including the 6 months post discharge.

PICOT Question:

Does the inpatient length of stay decrease for those who have access to better continuity of care in staffing assignments versus when the nurse assignment is non-continuous and varied?

Does continuity of care effect the overall readmission rate for same diagnosis readmits within a 6 month time frame?

Batch, M., Barnard, A., & Windsor, C. (2009). Who’s talking? communication and the casual/part-time nurse: A literature review. Contemporary Nurse : A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 33(1), 20-9. Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/203168670?accountid=7374

The rapidly evolving nursing working environment has seen the increased use of flexible non standard employment, including part-time, casual and itinerate workers. Evidence suggests that the nursing workforce has been at the forefront of the flexibility push which has seen the appearance of a dual workforce and marginalization of part-time and casual workers by their full-time peers and managers. The resulting fragmentation has meant that effective communication management has become difficult. Additionally, it is likely that poor organizational communication exacerbated by the increased use of non-standard staff, is a factor underlying current discontent in the nursing industry, and may impact on both recruitment and retention problems as well as patient outcomes. This literature review explores the relationship between the increasing casualisation of the nursing workforce and, among other things, the communication practices of nurses within healthcare organizations.

Fletcher, K. E., Wiest, F. C., Halasyamani, L., Lin, J., Nelson, V., Kaufman, S. R., . . . Schapira, M. (2008). How do hospitalized patients feel about resident work hours, fatigue, and discontinuity of care? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(5), 623-8. doi:http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0384-0

Patient-centered care requires that physicians understand patients’ perspectives. Since the resident work hour rules were instituted, little information is available about how patients perceive these issues. Our objectives were to explore patients’ knowledge, concerns, and attitudes about resident work hours, fatigue, and continuityof inpatient care and to evaluate the association between patients’ trust and satisfaction with these concerns and attitudes.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 134 internal medicine inpatients at 3 institutions including a tertiary care academic health center, a Veterans Affairs medical center, and a private community teaching hospital.

Mean age was 59 (range, 24-90), with 60% men and 70% white. Most patients agreed (50%) or felt neutral (38%) toward resident work hours being limited. Patients estimated that residents worked 60 h per week but thought that they should work no more than 51 h per week (p<.01 for the difference). Twenty-seven percent ofpatients had some concern about fatigue in the residents, and 28% reported concern about how often hand-offs of care occurred. Factor analysis yielded 3 factors: "worried about discontinuity/fatigue," "attitude toward resident/nurse work hours," and "perceived resident/nurse fatigue." In multivariable analyses, the "worried about fatigue/discontinuity" factor significantly predicted trust and satisfaction, and the "perceived resident/nurse fatigue" factor also predicted satisfaction. Some inpatients are concerned about both fatigue in resident physicians and discontinuity of care. This may play a role in trust and satisfaction for patients. Taking steps to design systems to minimize fatigue and discontinuity would be ideal. van Walraven, C., Taljaard, M., Bell, C. M., Etchells, E., Stiell, I. G., Zarnke, K., & Forster, A. J. (2010). A prospective cohort study found that provider and information continuity was low after patient discharge from hospital. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 63(9), 1000-10. doi:http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.01.023 Continuityofcare is composed of provider and information continuity and can change value over time. Most studies that have quantitatively associated continuityofcare and outcomes have ignored these characteristics. This study is a detailed examination ofcontinuityofcare in patients discharged from hospital that simultaneously measured separate components ofcontinuity over time or determined the factors with which they are associated. Multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients discharged to the community after elective or emergent hospitalization. For all physician visits during 6 months after discharge, we identified the physician and the availability ofparticular information (including hospital discharge summary and any information from previous physician visits). Four physician continuity scores (preadmission; hospital admitting; hospital consultant; and postdischarge) and two information continuity scores (discharge summary and postdischarge visit information) were calculated for all patients (range: 0-1, where 0 is perfect discontinuity and 1 is perfect continuity). Four thousand five hundred fifty-three people were followed for a median of 175 days. Both provider (range of median values: 0-0.410) and information (range: 0.220-0.427) continuity scores were low and varied extensively over time. With a few exceptions, continuity measures were independent of each other. The influence of patient factors on continuity varied extensively between the continuity measures with the most influential factors being admission urgency, admitting service, and the number of physicians who regularly treated the patient. Both provider and information continuity was low in patients discharged from hospital. Continuity measures can change extensively over time, which are usually independent of each other, and are associated with patient and admission characteristics. PICOT Statement and Research References. Future studies should measure multiple components of provider and information continuity over time to completely capture continuity of care.

Research Critiques and PICOT Statement

Prepare this Research Critiques and PICOT Statement assignment as a 1,500-1,750 word paper using the instructor feedback from the Topic 1, 2, and 3 assignments and the guidelines below.

PICOT Statement

use the PICOT statement in the Topic 1 assignment. add 2 more relevant research articles on the specific PICOT topic.

Research Critiques

In the Topic 2 and Topic 3 assignments you completed a qualitative and quantitative research critique. Use the feedback you received from your instructor on these assignments to finalize the critical analysis of the study by making appropriate revisions.

The completed analysis should connect to your identified practice problem of interest that is the basis for your PICOT statement.

Refer to “Research Critique Guidelines.” Questions under each heading should be addressed as a narrative in the structure of a formal paper.

Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change

Discuss the link between the PICOT statement, the research articles, and the nursing practice problem you identified. Include relevant details and supporting explanation and use that information to propose evidence-based practice changes.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This Research Critiques and PICOT Statement assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Nursing Research Paper

Write a five to seven page paper. The paper should include basic information about the research article you have chosen to investigate.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Within your paper, please include a minimum of three references (your text may be used as a reference).

Identification of the research study: independent and dependent variables

Identification of the research study: sample characteristics

Identification of the data collection procedures

Discuss the results of the study. What was the statistical significance? Were the results meaningful?

Identify the study implications. What are the implications of this study for nursing practice, education, or administration? What further questions were raised by this study?

Include your own evaluation of the study. In your opinion, was this study done well, and was this an important study for nursing? How could the study have been improved? What are the implications of this study for your practice area? Please give your rationale for your opinion.

Your recommendations on this topic for further nursing research: include a new research hypothesis with identified variables

Your conclusions, summary, or ending statements on nursing research

APN Role in Teaching

An advanced practice nurse (APN) serves a critical role in today’s health care sector by educating patients, students, staff and other learners. Patient education is an important part of managing patient care to achieve optimal outcome. Patients gain an understanding of their health status, disease processes, treatments, dietary/lifestyle modifications and health promoting behaviors. This enables patients to be an active participant in their health care decisions. In addition, APN’s educate or teach staff by assisting them in developing the knowledge and skills essential for providing care, keeping them up to date with advances in clinical practice, and mentoring/precepting nurses in the practice setting-improving the quality of patient care (Joel, 2013). This role of APN’s also extends to nursing students as they teach and guide their learning in the practice setting.

APN’s should be well versed with the concepts of learning and teaching in order to teach patients, staff, students and others. This helps APN’s in making educational decisions. Teaching process includes assessment of learning needs, planning, implementation and evaluation (Joel, 2013). However, the process is not always linear. APN’s should possess predominant qualities of effective learning like expert knowledge, clinical competence, teaching skills, positive relationships and personal characteristics. APN’s should be able to decipher not just the learning needs, but also the learner’s readiness to learn. This is achieved through questionnaires, pretests and observations. Assessment phase is the most crucial phase as it defines the course of action the APN has to take. Once assessment is complete, different teaching mechanisms can be inherited to impart the knowledge. The group sizeis an important factor. When educating patients or staff/students, an APN has to be innovative in determining the teaching method. The teaching method can include lecture, discussion, clinical conference, case study, multimedia, self-directed instructional methods, demonstrations, and simulations. After teaching evaluating whether the learner has comprehended the knowledge imparted is important as well.

APN’s have an important role in educating patients, staff and students. Nurses in advanced practice are well prepared for their role as an educator with their extensive knowledge base, expert clinical skills, and strong communication skills (Joel, 2013).

References

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2011). The essentials of master’s education in nursing. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/education-resources/MastersEssentials11.pdf

Joel, L.A., (2013) Advanced practice nursing: Essential for role development. (3rd Ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Pp 327-346

Penn, B., Wilson, L., Rosseter, R., (2008) Transitioning From Nursing Practice to a Teaching Role.OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing; Vol (13/ 3). Doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol13No03Man03

Advance Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) Role

Overview of the APRN Role

• Advance Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) Role as a teacher:

o Understanding the three domains of learning:

 Cognitive Domain: “… contextualizing and consolidating exiting theoretical knowledge….” (Hayes, 2016, p.861)

 Psychomotor Domain: the learner has retained safe practice skills when the demonstrated through repetition or “… becomes ‘second nature’….” (Hayes, 2016, p. 861).

 Affective Domain: The teacher must gage whether the learner has gained realization of the values and ethical beliefs associated with their practice

o The advanced practice nurse is trained to provide patients and families with the education and skills needed understand their health/treatment, take control of their care and to be more autonomous (Joel, 2013, p. 327)

o Provide students or new graduates with the education and skills needed to feel confident, safe and practice safely/independently

o The APRN must understand the components of teaching (Gaberson & Oermann, 2010) –

 Assess the learner (i.e. student, patient or family member/s)

 Assess the learner’s readiness to learn

 Identify the individual’s needs

 Set obtainable goals (with learners’ participation in planning)

 Monitoring the learner’s progression

 Determine if further education/teaching is indicated

• Ultimate goal:

o Gain an understanding, trusting and professional relationship with learner to better facilitate knowledge retention

o “… patients gain an understanding of their health problems and treatments, how to care for themselves at home, and health-promoting behaviors”

o Promote safe and ethical practices for new graduates/students

Advance Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) Role References

Gaberson, K., & Oermann, M. H. (2010). Clinical teaching strategies in nursing (3rd ed.) New York: Springer.

Hayes, C. (2016). Approaches to continuing professional development: putting theory into practice. British Journal Of Nursing, 25(15), 860-864.

Joel, L.A. (2013) Advanced practice nursing: essential for role development. (3rd Ed). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 327-330.